Third party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election
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This article lists third party and independent candidates, also jointly known as minor candidates, associated with the 2024 United States presidential election.
Early polling for third party candidates in this election cycle has suggested the highest level of support for such a candidate since Ross Perot in 1992 and 1996.[1] Polls were especially high for Robert F. Kennedy Jr.,[2] who withdrew his candidacy in the Democratic Party primaries in October 2023 to run as an independent.[3]
General election candidates[edit]
Candidates with majority ballot access[edit]
The following general election candidates currently have ballot access to at least 270 electoral votes, the minimum number required to attain the presidency. Ballot access deadlines vary from state to state.
Party | Presidential nominee | Vice presidential nominee | Campaign | States with ballot access | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chase Oliver Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022 and sales executive | Mike ter Maat Economist and police officer | Website | [5] | ||
Jill Stein Nominee for U.S. president in 2012 and 2016 from Massachusetts | TBD | Website Campaign | [9] |
Candidates with partial ballot access[edit]
The following general election candidates currently have ballot access to fewer than 270 electoral votes, the minimum number required to attain the presidency.
Party | Presidential nominee | Vice presidential nominee | Campaign | States with ballot access | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Attorney and activist from California | Nicole Shanahan Attorney and technologist from California | Website Campaign FEC filing[10][11][12] Additional party nominations: | [29][30][31] | ||
Randall Terry Activist and perennial candidate from Tennessee | Stephen Broden Pastor and political commentator from Texas | Website Campaign | [33][34] | ||
Cornel West Academic and activist from California | Melina Abdullah Academic and activist from California | Website Campaign FEC filing[35][36][37] Additional party nominations: | [38][45] | ||
Claudia De la Cruz Activist from New York | Karina Garcia Activist from California | Website FEC filing[46] | [48][49] | ||
Joel Skousen Survivalist and consultant from Utah | Rik Combs Businessman from Missouri | Website May 6, 2024 | [32] | ||
Peter Sonski Local politician from Connecticut | Lauren Onak Teacher from Florida | Website June 13, 2023 FEC filing[50] | [52] | ||
Blake Huber Nominee for President in 2020 from Colorado | Andrea Denault Activist and political consultant from North Dakota | Website March 16, 2024 | [53] | ||
Michael Wood Businessman and Prohibition National Committee member from California | John Pietrowski Prohibition National Committee member from Ohio | Website July 5, 2023 FEC filing[54] | [56] |
Candidates without ballot access[edit]
Parties and candidates in this section have not attained ballot access in any states.
- Socialist Party USA: Bill Stodden (nonprofit executive,[57] presidential nominee); Stephanie Cholensky (political activist, vice-presidential nominee)[58][57]
- Socialist Equality Party: Joseph Kishore (SEP national secretary, presidential nominee); Jerry White (journalist, vice-presidential nominee)[59]
- Socialist Workers Party: Rachele Fruit (presidential nominee); Dennis Richter (vice-presidential nominee)[d][60][61]
- Transhumanist Party: Tom Ross, (technology and political activist, presidential nominee); Daniel Twedt (nonprofit executive and perennial candidate, vice-presidential nominee)[62]
- Unity Party of America[e]: Paul Noel Fiorino (perennial candidate, presidential nominee); Matthew May (vice-presidential nominee)[63]
Nominating processes[edit]
Schedule[edit]
Date | Party nomination event |
---|---|
May 9, 2023 | Prohibition Party presidential nominating convention |
June 1, 2023 | American Solidarity Party online primary |
April 6, 2024 | Unity Party of America nominating convention |
April 13, 2024 | Unity Party of Colorado[f] nominating convention |
April 17, 2024 | Natural Law Party nominating convention |
April 27, 2024 | Constitution Party nominating convention |
May 26, 2024 | Libertarian National Convention |
August 15, 2024 | Green National Convention |
August 2024 | Peace and Freedom Party state central committee meeting |
Libertarian Party[edit]
The Libertarian Party is participating in several non-binding preference primaries in 2024. The party's presidential nominee will be chosen directly by delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention, which is scheduled to be held on Memorial Day weekend from May 24 to 26, 2024, in Washington, D.C.[64][65]
Prior to the LP 2024 National Convention, 39 candidates filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination in 2024.[66]
Nominee[edit]
Name | Born | Experience | Home state | Campaign Announcement date | Contests won | Popular vote | Running mate[g] | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chase Oliver | August 16, 1985 (age 38) Nashville, Tennessee | Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022 Candidate for GA-05 in 2020 Chair of the Atlanta Libertarian Party (2016–2017) | Georgia | Campaign Website April 5, 2023 FEC filing[67] | 6 (IA, IN, AZ, OK, CT, NE) | 3,498 (8.6%) | Mike ter Maat[68][h] | [70] | ||
Alternate ballot options: | ||||||||||
No preference/ None of the above/ Uncommitted | N/A | 2 (NC, MA) | 6,384 (15.7%) | NA | [71] |
Eliminated at convention[edit]
This section includes candidates who filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Libertarian Party and who met one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) participated in at least three Libertarian Party-sponsored debates; or c) received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.
Candidate | Born | Experience | Home state | Campaign announced Announcement date | Campaign suspended Suspension date | Contests won | Popular vote | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Michael Rectenwald | January 29, 1959 (age 65) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | Author and Scholar Former New York University professor (2008–2019) | Pennsylvania | August 28, 2023 FEC filing[72] | May 26, 2024 (eliminated in sixth balloting) | 2 (MS, AL) | 943 (2.3%) | [73] | |
June 20, 1961 (age 63) Portland, Oregon | Economist Former Hallandale Beach, Florida police officer Nominee for FL-20 in 2022 | Virginia | April 18, 2022 FEC filing[74] | May 26, 2024 (eliminated during fifth balloting; endorsed Oliver during balloting) (ran for vice-president) | 1 (PA) | 589 (1.5%) | |||
August 14, 1969 (age 54) Monterey, California | Co-founder of Friend Finder Networks Founder of Fupa Games and Legendary Speed[75] | California | March 23, 2021 | May 26, 2024 (eliminated during fourth balloting; endorsed Oliver after his nomination) | 2 (ME, NM) | 1,222 (3.0%) | [78] | ||
March 13, 1983 (age 41) Antioch, California | Vice Chair of the Libertarian National Committee (2022–2023) | Iowa | July 24, 2023 | May 26, 2024 (eliminated during third balloting) | 1 (MN) | 416 (1.0%) | [73] | ||
Jacob Hornberger | January 28, 1950 (age 74) Laredo, Texas | Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002 Candidate for President in 2000 and 2020 | Virginia | February 20, 2023 FEC filing[80] | May 26, 2024 (eliminated during second balloting) | 0 | 2,043 (5.0%) | [73] | |
Charles Ballay | January 1, 1970 (age 54) New Orleans, Louisiana | Otolaryngologist | Louisiana | August 24, 2023 FEC filing[81] | May 26, 2024 (eliminated during initial balloting; endorsed Oliver after his nomination) | 1 (CA) | 22,337 (55.1%) | [82] | |
Art Olivier | August 24, 1957 (age 66) Lynwood, California | Nominee for U.S. Vice President in 2000 Nominee for Governor of California in 2006 Mayor of Bellflower, California (1998–1999) | California | December 11, 2023 | May 26, 2024 (eliminated during initial balloting) | 0 | 5 (nil%) | [84] |
Withdrew before the primaries[edit]
Name | Born | Experience | Home state | Campaign announced | Campaign suspended | Campaign | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Joe Exotic | March 5, 1963 (age 60) Garden City, Kansas | Businessman and media personality Owner of the Greater Wynnewood Exotic Animal Park (1998–2018) Independent candidate for president in 2016 Candidate for Governor of Oklahoma in 2018 | Texas | March 10, 2023 | April 11, 2023 (running for the Democratic nomination)[85] | FEC filing[86] | [87] |
Green Party[edit]
The Green Party is holding a series of presidential primaries through which convention delegates will be awarded to candidates and will nominate the party's presidential ticket at the 2024 Green National Convention,[88] which is scheduled to take place as a virtual event from August 15 to 18, 2024.[89]
The individuals listed below are declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Green Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) have participated (or have been invited to participate) in at least two Green Party-sponsored debates or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.
Name | Born | Experience | Home state | Campaign Announcement date | Contests won | Delegates | Popular vote | Running mate | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jill Stein | May 14, 1950 (age 74) Chicago, Illinois | Nominee for president in 2012 and 2016 Member of the Lexington Town Meeting from the 2nd Precinct Activist | Massachusetts | Campaign November 9, 2023 FEC filing[90][91] | 22 (KS, PA, CA, IL, AZ, NY, WA, NV, TX, WI, CT, TN, OH, MD, NJ, NM, ME, UT, SC, WV, OR, IN) | 223 (93.3%) | 16,596 (94.9%) | TBA | [92] |
Name | Born | Experience | Home state | Campaign Announcement date | Contests won | Delegates | Popular vote | Running mate | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Other candidates formally recognized by GPUS[93] | ||||||||||
Jasmine Sherman | August 17, 1985 (age 38) Queens, New York | Executive Director of Greater Charlotte Rise | North Carolina | February 18, 2022 FEC filing[94][95] | None | 10 (4.2%) | 72 (0.4%) | Tanda Blubear[96] | [97][98] | |
Jorge Zavala | unknown | Businessman | California | October 13, 2023 FEC filing[99] | None | None | 18 (0.1%) | [100][98] | ||
Alternate ballot options: | ||||||||||
None of the above | N/A | None | 6 (2.5%) | 500 (2.9%) |
Constitution Party[edit]
The Constitution Party held its presidential nominating convention on April 24–27, 2024, in Salt Lake City, Utah.[101][102]
Eight candidates sought the nomination:[103]
- Daniel Clyde Cummings, perennial candidate from Wyoming[104]
- Louis C. Hook from Mississippi[105]
- Brandon McIntyre from Georgia[106]
- Joel Skousen, author and survivalist from Utah
- Ben Stewart
- Randall Terry, author, anti-abortion activist, and Democratic candidate for president in 2012 from Tennessee
- Samm Tittle, perennial candidate
- Paul Venable, nominee for U.S. Senator from Missouri in 2022
Jim Harvey of Georgia (who ultimately did not seek the nomination), Joel Skousen, and Randall Terry participated in an April 6 debate in Dearborn, Michigan.[107][108]
Terry won the nomination by securing a majority in the first round. The votes largely broke down along geographic lines. Skousen, who is from Utah, received all 61 votes from the delegations of the Four Corners states, but only 19 votes from the rest of the country combined. The only state delegations he carried outside of the region were New Hampshire and West Virginia. Venable won the majority of votes from South Carolina and his home state of Missouri and Daniel Cummings won a plurality in his home state of Wyoming. The remaining ten delegations were all won by Terry.[103]
Pastor and political commentator Stephen Broden, who was running on a ticket with Terry, received the vice-presidential nomination via voice vote.[109]
Aside from the presidential nomination, much of the debate at the convention focused on an ultimately defeated amendment by Skousen to remove references to God from the party platform.[110]
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Randall Terry | 144 | 54.55% | ||
Joel Skousen | 80 | 30.30% | ||
Paul Venable | 32 | 12.12% | ||
Daniel Cummings | 4 | 1.52% | ||
Brandon McIntyre | 2 | 0.76% | ||
Samm Tittle | 2 | 0.76% | ||
Louis C. Hook | 0 | 0.00% | ||
Ben Stewart | 0 | 0.00% | ||
Total: | 264 | 100.00% | ||
Source:[111][better source needed] |
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Stephen Broden | Nominated via Voice Vote | |||
Source:[109] |
The Constitution Party received 60,023 votes in the 2020 election.
The Nevada and Utah state parties split with the national party and nominated Skousen. [112]
American Independent Party[edit]
The American Independent Party held a non-binding presidential preference primary in California on March 5, 2024. James Bradley was the only candidate listed on the ballot and defeated Andrew George Rummel, who was a recognized write-in candidate.[113][114]
Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
---|---|---|
James Bradley | 45,565 | 99.96% |
Andrew George Rummel (write-in) | 16 | 0.04% |
Total: | 45,581 | 100.0% |
On April 29, 2024, the party announced that it had nominated independent presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr.[116][117]
Legal Marijuana Now Party[edit]
The Legal Marijuana Now Party held its first-ever presidential nomination primary in Minnesota on Super Tuesday, March 5. This was the first presidential primary to be held in Minnesota for a third party since 1916.[118] Krystal Gabel withdrew from the race during Legal Marijuana Now Party's candidate filing discussions. When Gabel asked to be removed from the ballot, after early voting had started on January 19, 2024, the Minnesota Secretary of State's office stated that changes cannot be made to the list of candidates after the list was certified 63 days prior to the election, and Gabel's name remained on ballots.[119]
Five candidates appeared on the ballot:
- Edward Forchion, activist, and candidate for governor of New Jersey in 2021
- Rudy Reyes, archeologist, and national LMN Party chairperson
- Dennis Schuller, Minnesota LMN Party chairperson; former Richfield, Minnesota, municipal planning commission member (2011–2014)
- Vermin Supreme, performance artist, activist, and perennial candidate from Massachusetts; former Libertarian Party Judicial Committee member (2020–2022) (Also running for the Democratic nomination)[120]
- Krystal Gabel, activist, and candidate for governor of Nebraska in 2018 (Withdrew January 26, 2024)[119]
Of Minnesota's three major political parties, all of which included a write in option for their 2024 nominating primaries, only the Legal Marijuana Now party submitted to the Secretary of State a write in name to be counted, singer-songwriter Willie Nelson.[121]
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Delegates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Krystal Gabel (withdrawn) | 759 | 28.84% | - | ||
Dennis Schuller | 459 | 17.44% | 7 | ||
Vermin Supreme | 397 | 15.08% | 6 | ||
Rudy Reyes | 365 | 13.87% | 5 | ||
Edward Forchion | 168 | 6.38% | 2 | ||
Willie Nelson (write-in) | 19 | 0.72% | 0 | ||
Other write-ins | 465 | 17.67% | - | ||
Total: | 2,632 | 100.00% | 20 | ||
Source:[122] |
Gabel won a plurality of the vote (28.8%), but withdrew ahead of the primary. Of declared candidates, Dennis Schuller finished in the lead, with 17.4%.[123]
The party is also ballot-qualified in Nebraska, but no candidates qualified for the May 14 primary.[124]
Peace and Freedom Party[edit]
The Peace and Freedom Party held a non-binding preference primary in California on Super Tuesday, March 5. Claudia De La Cruz, the nominee of the Party for Socialism and Liberation, won the primary with a plurality, defeating Jasmine Sherman and Cornel West.[125] The party's presidential nominee will be chosen by the state central committee in August.[126]
Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Claudia De La Cruz | 6,430 | 47.0% |
Cornel West | 5,455 | 39.9% |
Jasmine Sherman | 1,795 | 13.1% |
Total: | 13,680 | 100.0% |
American Solidarity Party[edit]
The American Solidarity Party announced on June 2, 2023, that Peter Sonski had won their party's online primary, which lasted from May 24 to June 1. Sonski was nominated in the first round of ranked-choice voting with 52%. Sonski then selected Lauren Onak as his vice president, who was then officially nominated via unanimous consent.
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Peter Sonski | 328 | 52.5% | ||
Jacqueline Abernathy | 207 | 33.1 | ||
Joe Schriner | 50 | 8.0 | ||
Larry Johnson | 24 | 3.8 | ||
Erskine Levi | 16 | 2.6 | ||
Total: | 625 | 100.00% | ||
Source:[128] |
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lauren Onak | Nominated via Unanimous Consent | |||
Source:[129] |
Approval Voting Party[edit]
The Approval Voting Party received 409 votes for president in 2020.[130] It is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado.[131] On March 16, the party nominated Blake Huber for president and Andrea Denault for vice president.[132]
Green Mountain Peace and Justice[edit]
The Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party is a regional ballot-qualified party in Vermont which has regularly nominated candidates for president since 1972.[133] It nominated Gloria La Riva, the PSL nominee, in 2020. She received 166 votes in Vermont.[130] On April 28, the party nominated independent candidate Cornel West for president.[134]
Natural Law Party[edit]
Michigan party[edit]
The Michigan Natural Law Party held its nominating convention on April 17, 2024, where it nominated independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. for President and Nicole Shanahan for Vice President. Party chairman Doug Dern claimed fellow independent candidate Cornel West also sought the party's ballot access.[135]
In 2020, the Michigan party nominated Alliance Party nominee Rocky De La Fuente, who received 2,986 votes in Michigan.
Florida party[edit]
The party is also presidential ballot-qualified in Florida. The Florida party did not nominate a candidate in the 2020 election.[136]
Prohibition Party[edit]
The Prohibition Party held its presidential nominating convention on May 8–9, 2023, in Buffalo, New York. Three candidates stood for nomination; Michael Wood was nominated on the first ballot.[137]
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Michael Wood | 8 | 61.5% | ||
Zack Kusnir | 4 | 30.8% | ||
Scott Baier | 0 | 0.0% | ||
Jay Rockefeller (write-in) | 1 | 7.7% | ||
Total: | 13 | 100.00% | ||
Source:[138] |
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
John Petrowski | Nominated via Unanimous Consent | |||
Source:[138] |
Unity Party[edit]
The Bill Hammons-led faction of the Unity Party of America nominated Paul Noel Fiorino and Matthew May for president and vice president respectively at the 7th United National Convention over Google Meet on April 6, 2024.[63]
However, the Colorado faction of the party, which has the party's ballot access, met on April 13, 2024, and nominated independent candidate Cornel West for president and his running mate, Melina Abdullah for vice president.[139][140][better source needed]
Candidate | Percentage | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cornel West | 95% | |||
Paul Noel Fiorino | 5% | |||
Total: | 100.00% | |||
Source:[140] |
Withdrew before convention:
- Bill Hammons, co-founder and chairman of the Unity Party; nominee for president in 2020[141]
- Donnie Harold Harris, business owner and write-in candidate for governor of Indiana in 2012[141]
The party is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado.[131] In 2020, party co-founder Bill Hammons was on the ballot in three states and received 6,647 votes.[130]
Alliance Party[edit]
The Alliance Party received 88,236 votes for president in 2020.[130] It and its affiliates are ballot-qualified in Alaska, Connecticut, and South Carolina.[142][143][144]
Green Party of Alaska[edit]
The Green Party of Alaska, which is unaffiliated with the Green Party of the United States is ballot-qualified in Alaska.[143] The party nominated Jesse Ventura for president in 2020 and received 2,673 votes.[145]
The party has hosted a series of debates featuring the following candidates seeking the nomination:[146]
- Joseph "Afroman" Foreman, rapper and independent candidate for president[147][148][149]
- Brittany Jones, veteran and unaffiliated candidate for president from Oregon[150]
- Jasmine Sherman, Executive Director of Greater Charlotte Rise and Green Party candidate for president from North Carolina[151][98]
- Dashaun "Daví" Davis, activist and Green Party candidate for president[152]
- Emanuel Pastreich, president of the Asia Institute, academic, author, and withdrawn Green Party candidate for president from Massachusetts[153][154]
- Rollan Roberts, businessman and Republican candidate for president[155]
- Jay Torres, Republican candidate for president[156]
- Wayne Pope, veteran and Democratic candidate for president[157]
- Suzzanna Tanner, independent candidate for president[158]
- Susan Buchser-Lochocki, voting rights activist and unregistered candidate for president[159]
Liberal Party[edit]
The Liberal Party, formerly the Association of State Liberty Parties, has qualified state parties in Massachusetts and New Mexico which were, until 2022, affiliated with the national Libertarian Party.[160][161] These parties received a combined 59,598 votes in the 2 states.
Other parties and independents[edit]
As of April 2024,[update] the following notable individuals are declared presidential candidates that are either running as an independent or seeking the nomination of an unspecified third party, but do not presently have ballot access.
- Johnny Buss, co-owner of the Los Angeles Lakers[162][163][164]
- Joseph "Afroman" Foreman, rapper[147][148][165]
- Taylor Marshall, Catholic podcaster and author[147][166]
- Emanuel Pastreich, academic, think tank president (no vice presidential candidate)[167]
- Robby Wells, former college football coach and perennial candidate[168][169]
Withdrawn candidates[edit]
The following notable individual(s) announced and then suspended their campaigns before the election:
- Kanye West, rapper, candidate for president in 2020 (campaign)[170] (endorsed Trump)
Declined to be candidates[edit]
No Labels[edit]
The following individuals have declined to be candidates for the No Labels unity ticket. On April 4, 2024, the organization announced it would not run a presidential campaign.[171]
- Andy Beshear, Governor of Kentucky (2019–present), Attorney General of Kentucky (2016–2019) (endorsed Biden)[172]
- Bill Cassidy, U.S. Senator from Louisiana (2015–present)[173]
- Chris Christie, former Governor of New Jersey (2010–2018), Republican candidate for president in 2016 and 2024[174]
- Nikki Haley, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations (2017–2018) and Governor of South Carolina (2011–2017) (ran as a Republican)[175]
- Larry Hogan, former Governor of Maryland (2015–2023)[176] (endorsed Haley;[177] running for U.S. Senate)[178]
- Jon Huntsman Jr., U.S. Ambassador to Russia (2017–2019), U.S. Ambassador to China (2009–2011), Governor of Utah (2005–2009), Republican candidate for president in 2012[179][180]
- Will Hurd, U.S. Representative from TX-23 (2015–2021) (ran as a Republican; endorsed Haley)[181]
- Joe Manchin, U.S. Senator from West Virginia (2010–present), Governor of West Virginia (2005–2010), West Virginia Secretary of State (2001–2005)[182][183]
- William H. McRaven, Commander of the United States Special Operations Command (2011–2014) and Chancellor of the University of Texas System (2015–2018)[181]
- Pat McCrory, former Governor of North Carolina (2013–2017), Mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina (1995–2009), candidate for U.S. Senator from North Carolina in 2022[179][184]
- David Petraeus, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (2011–2012), commander of the International Security Assistance Force (2010–2011), commander of United States Central Command (2008–2010).[181]
- Dean Phillips, U.S. Representative from MN-03 (2019–present) and CEO of Phillips Distilling Company (2000–2012) (ran as a Democrat; endorsed Biden)[185][186]
- Condoleezza Rice, United States Secretary of State (2005–2009) and United States National Security Advisor (2001–2005)[181]
- Mitt Romney, U.S. Senator from Utah (2019–present), Governor of Massachusetts (2003–2007), Republican candidate for president in 2008 and nominee in 2012[187][188]
- Kyrsten Sinema, U.S. Senator from Arizona (2019–present), U.S. Representative from AZ-09 (2013–2019)[179][189]
- Chris Sununu, Governor of New Hampshire (2017–present) (initially endorsed Haley and later endorsed Trump)[190][191]
- Andrew Yang, co-chair of the Forward Party (2022–present), Democratic candidate for president in 2020 and for mayor of New York City in 2021[192][193] (endorsed Phillips)[194]
Third party[edit]
The following notable individuals have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacies, but have publicly denied interest in running.
- Justin Amash, former United States Representative from MI-03 (2011–2021), member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the 72nd district (2009–2011) (running for U.S. Senate)[73][195]
- Mark Cuban, investor and entrepreneur[196] (endorsed Biden)[197]
- Jamie Dimon, chairman and CEO of JPMorgan Chase[198]
- Howie Hawkins, co-founder of the Green Party and Green/Socialist nominee for president in 2020[199][200]
- Dwayne Johnson, actor, businessman and professional wrestler[201]
- Vivek Ramaswamy, executive chairman of Strive Asset Management (2022–2023) and CEO of Roivant Sciences (2014–2021) (ran as a Republican; endorsed Trump)[202][203]
- Dave Smith, stand-up comedian, libertarian political commentator, podcaster[204][205]
Debates and forums[edit]
The Muslim Civic Coalition hosted a forum featuring Green Jill Stein and independent Cornel West on February 3 in Oak Brook, Illinois. The organization claimed all presidential candidates were invited to attend.[206]
The Libertarian Party of California hosted two multiparty debates at their state convention February 24–25. The first night featured Libertarian candidates Michael Rectenwald and Mike ter Maat and independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Green candidate Jill Stein was advertised as attending but ultimately did not.[207] The second night featured Libertarian candidates Charles Ballay, Lars Mapstead, and Jacob Hornberger alongside independent candidate Cornel West.[208]
Free and Equal hosted a multiparty debate on February 29, 2024, moderated by the foundation's chair, Christina Tobin. Candidates were chosen via a point system style voting through the organization's "block-chain voting app" with an audit process after the fact. Socialism and Liberation nominee Claudia De la Cruz, independent candidates Cornel West and Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Libertarian candidates Chase Oliver and Lars Mapstead, and Green candidates Jill Stein and Jasmine Sherman were invited, although Kennedy and West declined to attend.[209][210] The two hour debate was broadcast on YouTube, Rumble, and CSPAN among various other platforms. At one point, co-moderator Jason Michael Palmer remarked on the five candidates' relative agreement on social issues, although the debate became more combative towards the end.[211] Jasmine Sherman won the organization's post-debate ranked choice voting poll.[212]
Ballot access[edit]
Polling[edit]
Poll source | Date(s) administered | Sample size | Joe Biden | Donald Trump | Nikki Haley | Cornel West | Robert F. Kennedy Jr | Joe Manchin | Jill Stein | Other | Undecided | Margin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emerson College | June 4–5, 2024 | 1000 (RV) | 38% | 44% | – | 1% | 6% | – | 1% | – | 9% | Trump +6% |
The Economist/YouGov | June 2–4, 2024 | 1565 (RV) | 42% | 42% | – | 1% | 3% | – | 1% | 2%[i] | 8% | Even |
ActiVote | May 23–June 4, 2024 | 1775 (LV) | 41.6% | 45.4% | – | – | 13.1% | – | – | – | – | Trump +3.8% |
Ipsos/Reuters | May 30–31, 2024 | 2135 (RV) | 39% | 37% | – | – | 10% | – | – | 5% (I wouldn't vote) | 8% | Biden +2% |
HarrisX/Forbes | May 30–31, 2024 | 1006 (RV) | 38% | 40% | – | 1% | 11% | – | 1% | – | 8% | Trump +2% |
I&I/Tipp | May 29–31, 2024 | 1675 (RV) | 38% | 38% | – | 1% | 10% | – | 2% | 2% | 9% | Even |
The Economist/YouGov | May 25–28, 2024 | 1546 (RV) | 40% | 41% | – | 1% | 4% | – | 1% | 3%[j] | 10% | Trump +1% |
McLaughlin & Associates/Lawrence Kadish | May 21–23, 2024 | 1000 (LV) | 38% | 42% | – | 2% | 9% | – | 2% | 1% (Lars Mapstead) | 6% | Trump +4% |
NPR/PBS/Marist | May 21–23, 2024 | 907 (LV) | 43% | 46% | – | 2% | 5% | – | 2% | – | 2% | Trump +3% |
Emerson College | May 21–23, 2024 | 1100 (RV) | 39% | 44% | – | 1% | 6% | – | 1% | – | 10% | Trump +5% |
The Economist/YouGov | May 19–21, 2024 | 1558 (RV) | 40% | 41% | – | 1% | 5% | – | 1% | 4%[k] | 10% | Trump +1% |
Independent Center | May 16–21, 2024 | 1000 (RV) | 39% | 42% | – | – | 13% | – | – | – | 6% | Trump +3% |
ActiVote | May 6–21, 2024 | 1153 (LV) | 42.1% | 44.9% | – | – | 13% | – | – | – | – | Trump +2.8% |
Quinnipiac | May 16–20, 2024 | 1374 (RV) | 41% | 38% | – | 2% | 14% | – | 2% | 2%[l] | 2% | Biden +3% |
Harvard/Harris X | May 15–16, 2024 | 1660 (RV) | 39% | 43% | – | – | 12% | – | – | – | 5% | Trump +4% |
Cygnal | May 14–16, 2024 | 1500 (LV) | 37.7% | 40.8% | – | 2.3% | 8.8% | – | 2.4% | – | 8.0% | Trump +3.1% |
Echelon Insights | May 13–16, 2024 | 1023 (LV) | 38% | 43% | – | 1% | 9% | – | 3% | – | 6% | Trump +5% |
McLaughlin & Associates | May 9–15, 2024 | 1000 (LV) | 36% | 38% | – | 3% | 11% | – | 2% | 1% (Lars Mapstead) | 9% | Trump +2% |
Marquette Law | May 6–15, 2024 | 624 (LV) | 41% | 44% | – | 2% | 11% | – | 2% | – | – | Trump +3% |
America's New Majority/McLaughlin & Associates | May 10–14, 2024 | 2000 (RV) | 37.6% | 39.3% | – | 1.9% | 8.9% | – | 1.4% | 0.6% (Lars Mapstead) | 10.3% | Trump +1.8% |
Redfield & Wilton | May 13, 2024 | 1155 (LV) | 43% | 42% | – | – | 5% | – | – | – | 6% | Biden +1% |
Ipsos | May 7–13, 2024 | 1730 (RV) | 37% | 35% | – | – | 5% | – | – | 7%[m] | 17% | Biden +2% |
RMG Research | May 6–9, 2024 | 2000 (RV) | 42% | 39% | – | – | 11% | – | – | 3% | 6% | Biden +3% |
Big Village | May 3–8, 2024 | 2867 (LV) | 41.9% | 40.6% | – | 1.2% | 8.8% | – | – | 0.6% (I would not vote) | 6.9% | Biden +1.3% |
I&I/Tipp | May 1–3, 2024 | 1264 (RV) | 39% | 38% | – | 1% | 12% | – | 1% | 2% | 7% | Biden +1% |
Redfield & Wilton | May 1, 2024 | 1133 (LV) | 41% | 43% | – | – | 7% | – | – | – | 5% | Trump +2% |
Suffolk University/USA Today | April 30 – May 3, 2024 | 1000 (RV) | 36.7% | 37.1% | – | 1.6% | 8.0% | – | 1.2% | 3.3%[n] | 12.1% | Trump +0.4% |
Reuters/Ipsos | April 29–30, 2024 | 856 (RV) | 39% | 38% | – | – | 8% | – | – | 6% (I wouldn't vote) | 9% | Biden +1% |
ActiVote | April 13–30, 2024 | 1025 (LV) | 41.2% | 44.4% | – | – | 14.4% | – | – | – | – | Trump +3.2% |
Florida Atlantic University/Mainstreet Research | April 26–28, 2024 | 851 (LV) | 43.7% | 39.5% | – | – | 11.0% | – | – | 2.5% | 3.4% | Biden +4.2% |
Harvard/Harris X | April 24–25, 2024 | 1961 (RV) | 37% | 44% | – | 1% | 10% | – | 1% | – | 6% | Trump +7% |
NPR/PBS/Marist | April 22–25, 2024 | 1199 (RV) | 42% | 42% | – | 2% | 11% | – | 2% | – | 2% | Even |
CNN/SSRS | April 18–23, 2024 | 967 (RV) | 33% | 42% | – | 4% | 16% | – | 3% | 2%[o] | 1% | Trump +9% |
Quinnipiac | April 18–22, 2024 | 1429 (RV) | 37% | 37% | – | 3% | 16% | – | 3% | 2%[p] | 2% | Even |
Marist College | April 16–18, 2024 | 1047 (RV) | 43% | 38% | – | 2% | 14% | – | 2% | – | 1% | Biden +5% |
Emerson College | April 16–17, 2024 | 1308 (RV) | 39.9% | 43.5% | – | 1.0% | 7.6% | – | 0.4% | – | 7.6% | Trump +3.6% |
NBC News | April 12–16, 2024 | 1000 (RV) | 39% | 37% | – | 2% | 13% | – | 3% | 1% Would not vote | 3% | Biden +2% |
McLaughlin & Associates | April 10–16, 2024 | 1000 (LV) | 36% | 38% | – | 2% | 10% | – | 2% | 2% (Lars Mapstead) | 9% | Trump +2% |
Echelon Insights | April 12–14, 2024 | 1020 (LV) | 41% | 40% | – | 2% | 11% | – | 2% | – | 4% | Biden +1% |
ActiVote | March 24 – April 10, 2024 | 1083 (LV) | 40.7% | 44.0% | – | – | 15.3% | – | – | – | – | Trump +3.3% |
Redfield & Wilton | April 6–7, 2024 | 4000 (RV) | 41% | 41% | – | – | 9% | – | – | – | 6% | Even |
I&I/Tipp | April 3–5, 2024 | 1265 (RV) | 38% | 38% | – | 2% | 11% | – | 1% | 2% | 9% | Even |
Emerson College | April 2–3, 2024 | 1438 (RV) | 42.0% | 43.2% | – | 0.7% | 7.8% | – | 0.5% | – | 5.8% | Trump +1.2% |
Big Village | March 29–31, 2024 | 1425 (LV) | 41.9% | 39.7% | – | 1.8% | 7.8% | – | – | 0.6% (I would not vote) | 8.1% | Biden +2.2% |
Trafalgar | March 29–31, 2024 | 1092 (LV) | 39.8% | 43.1% | – | 1.7% | 11.4% | – | 0.8% | – | 3.1% | Trump +3.3% |
Data For Progress | March 27–29, 2024 | 1200 (LV) | 41% | 42% | – | 1% | 8% | – | 1% | – | 6% | Trump +1% |
NPR/PBS/Marist | March 25–28, 2024 | 1199 (RV) | 43% | 41% | – | 1% | 11% | – | 2% | – | 1% | Biden +2% |
Marquette Law | March 18–28, 2024 | 614 (LV) | 41% | 41% | – | 4% | 13% | – | 2% | – | – | Even |
HarrisX/Forbes | March 25, 2024 | 1010 (RV) | 37% | 40% | – | 1% | 12% | – | 1% | – | 8% | Trump +3% |
Fox News | March 22–25, 2024 | 1094 (RV) | 38% | 43% | – | 2% | 12% | – | 2% | 1% (Wouldn't vote) | 2% | Trump +5% |
Quinnipiac | March 21–25, 2024 | 1407 (RV) | 38% | 39% | – | 3% | 13% | – | 4% | 1% (Refused) | 2% | Trump +1% |
Daily Mail/J.L. Partners | March 20–24, 2024 | 1000 (LV) | 39% | 43% | – | 2% | 7% | – | 1% | – | 8% | Trump +4% |
Echelon Insights | March 18–21, 2024 | 1006 (LV) | 40% | 43% | – | 1% | 10% | – | 2% | – | 4% | Trump +3% |
Harvard/Harris X | March 20–21, 2024 | 2111 (RV) | 36% | 41% | – | 1% | 14% | – | 2% | – | 6% | Trump +5% |
McLaughlin & Associates | March 9–14, 2024 | 1000 (LV) | 34% | 38% | – | 2% | 12% | 2% | 2% | – | 9% | Trump +4% |
Big Village | March 8–13, 2024 | 1518 (LV) | 39.5% | 40.9% | – | 1.8% | 8.5% | – | – | 1.0% (Would not vote) | 8.2% | Trump +1.4% |
Reuters/Ipsos | March 7–13, 2024 | 4094 (A) | 31% | 32% | – | – | 16% | – | – | 10% (I wouldn't vote) | 11% | Trump +1% |
Suffolk University/USA Today | March 8–11, 2024 | 1000 (RV) | 38% | 40% | – | 2% | 9% | 2% (No Labels candidate) | 2% | 1% (Libertarian candidate) | 5% | Trump +2% |
HarrisX | March 8–10, 2024 | 2017 (RV) | 35% | 41% | – | 1% | 12% | – | 1% | – | 10% | Trump +6% |
Emerson College | March 5–6, 2024 | 1350 (RV) | 41.5% | 43.2% | – | 1.6% | 6.0% | – | 0.5% | – | 7.2% | Trump +1.7% |
Redfield & Wilton | March 2, 2024 | 1500 (LV) | 39% | 43% | – | – | 9% | – | – | – | 7% | Trump +4% |
I&I/Tipp | February 28 – March 1, 2024 | 1246 (RV) | 38% | 38% | – | 2% | 9% | – | 1% | 3% | 9% | Even |
G Squared Public Strategies/Third Way | February 27 – March 1, 2024 | 2000 (LV) | 36% | 36% | 8%[q] | – | 13% | – | – | – | 7% | Even |
Fox News | February 25–28, 2024 | 1262 (RV) | 38% | 41% | – | 3% | 13% | – | 2% | <1% | 2% | Trump +3% |
Fox News | February 25–28, 2024 | 1262 (RV) | 35% | – | 28% | 5% | 24% | – | 2% | 3%[r] | 2% | Biden +7% |
HarrisX | February 24–28, 2024 | 3021 (RV) | 36% | 40% | – | 2% | 11% | – | 1% | – | 10% | Trump +4% |
Wall Street Journal | February 21–28, 2024 | 1745 (RV) | 35% | 40% | – | 2% | 9% | – | 1% | 1% (Lars Mapstead) | 12% | Trump +5% |
HarrisX | February 20–23, 2024 | 3010 (RV) | 40% | 42% | – | 2% | 12% | – | 1% | – | 11% | Trump +2% |
Harvard/HarrisX | February 21–22, 2024 | 2022 (RV) | 33% | 42% | – | 1% | 14% | – | 1% | – | 8% | Trump +9% |
Quinnipiac | February 15–19, 2024 | 1421 (RV) | 38% | 37% | – | 3% | 15% | – | 3% | 1% (Wouldn't vote) | 2% | Biden +1% |
Quinnipiac | February 15–19, 2024 | 1421 (RV) | 35% | – | 27% | 5% | 24% | – | 3% | 4%[s] | 2% | Biden +8% |
Manchin announces he won't run for president | ||||||||||||
Emerson College | February 13–14, 2024 | 1225 (RV) | 37.9% | 40.2% | – | 1.4% | 6.7% | – | 1.3% | – | 12.5% | Trump +2.3% |
Echelon Insights | February 12–14, 2024 | 1015 (LV) | 37% | 42% | – | 2% | 8% | 2% | 2% | – | 6% | Trump +5% |
Redfield & Wilton | February 10, 2024 | ??? (LV) | 41% | 42% | – | – | 8% | – | – | 3% | 6% | Trump +1% |
Marquette Law | February 5–15, 2024 | 628 (LV) | 40% | 43% | – | 1% | 14% | – | 1% | <1% | – | Trump +3% |
Atlas Intel | February 2–7, 2024 | 1637 (RV) | 42.3% | 43.9% | – | 0.1% | 5.2% | – | – | 5.2%[t] | 4.7% | Trump +1.6% |
Atlas Intel | February 2–7, 2024 | 1637 (RV) | 41% | – | 23% | 0.5% | 11.4% | – | – | 13.9%[t] | 10.2% | Biden +18% |
Atlas Intel | February 2–7, 2024 | 1637 (RV) | 41.6% (Michelle Obama) | 39% | – | 0% | 5.1% | – | – | 4%[t] | 10.3% | Obama +2.6% |
Survey USA | January 31 – February 2, 2024 | 1500 (RV) | 40% | 45% | 13% | – | – | – | – | – | 3% | Trump +5% |
Survey USA | January 31 – February 2, 2024 | 1500 (RV) | 36% | 43% | 11% | – | 9% | – | – | – | 2% | Trump +7% |
Survey USA | January 31 – February 2, 2024 | 1500 (RV) | 36% | 41% | 10% | 1% | 10% | – | – | – | 2% | Trump +5% |
I&I/Tipp | January 31 – February 2, 2024 | 1266 (RV) | 34% | 40% | – | 2% | 8% | 1% | 3% | 3%[u] | 10% | Trump +6% |
YouGov/UMass | January 25–30, 2024 | 989 (LV) | 39% | 43% | – | – | 9% | – | – | 4% | 4% | Trump +4% |
McLaughlin & Associates | January 25–31, 2024 | 1000 (LV) | 34% | 39% | – | 2% | 9% | 2% | 2% | – | 12% | Trump +5% |
Emerson College | January 26–29, 2024 | 1260 (RV) | 36.9% | 41.7% | 11.8% | – | – | – | – | – | 9.6% | Trump +4.8% |
Emerson College | January 26–29, 2024 | 1260 (RV) | 39.2% | 41.4% | – | 0.8% | 4.9% | – | 0.8% | – | 13% | Trump +2.2% |
Quinnipiac | January 25–29, 2024 | 1650 (RV) | 39% | 37% | – | 3% | 14% | 2% | – | 2%[v] | 3% | Biden +2% |
Quinnipiac | January 25–29, 2024 | 1650 (RV) | 36% | – | 29% | 3% | 21% | 2% | – | 5%[w] | 3% | Biden +7% |
Reuters/Ipsos | January 22–24, 2024 | 1250 (RV) | 30% | 36% | – | – | 8% | – | – | 12%[x] | 13% | Trump +6% |
Harvard/HarrisX | January 17–18, 2024 | 2346 (RV) | 31% | 42% | – | 2% | 15% | – | 2% | – | 8% | Trump +11% |
Echelon Insights | January 16–18, 2024 | 1029 (LV) | 35% | 41% | – | 2% | 11% | 2% | 3% | – | 6% | Trump +6% |
Messenger/Harris X | January 16–17, 2024 | 1045 (RV) | 37% | 40% | – | 2% | 11% | – | 1% | – | 9% | Trump +3% |
Cygnal | January 11–12, 2024 | 2000 (LV) | 41.4% | 41.5% | – | – | 10.2% | – | – | – | 6.9% | Trump +.1% |
Reuters/Ipsos | January 3–9, 2024 | 4677 (A) | 29% | 30% | – | – | 18% | – | – | 11% (I wouldn't vote) | 13% | Trump +1% |
I&I/Tipp | January 3–5, 2024 | 1247 (RV) | 34% | 37% | – | 2% | 8% | 1% | 1% | 5%[y] | 11% | Trump +3% |
Poll source | Date(s) administered | Sample size | Joe Biden | Donald Trump | Cornel West | Robert F. Kennedy Jr | Joe Manchin | Jill Stein | Other | Undecided | Margin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
USA Today/Suffolk University | December 26–29, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 33.9% | 37.2% | 2.4% | 9.5% | 1.3% | – | 3.9%[z] | 11.1% | Trump +3.3% |
Daily Mail/J.L. Partners | December 15–20, 2023 | 984 (LV) | 36% | 40% | 1% | 4% | – | 0% | 8% | 10% | Trump +4% |
McLaughlin & Associates | December 13–19, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 34% | 36% | 2% | 10% | 3% | 2% | – | 13% | Trump +2% |
Quinnipiac | December 14–18, 2023 | 1647 (RV) | 36% | 38% | 3% | 16% | – | 3% | 2%[aa] | 3% | Trump +2% |
Echelon Insights | December 12–16, 2023 | 1012 (LV) | 36% | 41% | 1% | 9% | – | 1% | 4% (Mark Cuban) | 8% | Trump +5% |
Harvard/Harris | December 13–14, 2023 | 2034 (RV) | 33% | 41% | 2% | 15% | – | 2% | – | 7% | Trump +8% |
Fox News | December 10–13, 2023 | 1007 (RV) | 37% | 41% | 2% | 14% | – | 3% | 2%[ab] | 2% | Trump +4% |
Redfield & Wilton | December 8, 2023 | 1135 (LV) | 38% | 43% | – | 9% | – | – | 3% | 7% | Trump +5% |
Rasmussen | December 6–10, 2023 | 892 (LV) | 32% | 40% | – | 16% | – | – | 6% | 6% | Trump +8% |
Reuters/Ipsos | December 5–11, 2023 | 4411 (A) | 31% | 36% | – | 16% | – | – | 7% (I wouldn't vote) | 10% | Trump +5% |
Cygnal | December 5–7, 2023 | 2000 (LV) | 41.9% | 42.7% | – | 9.3% | – | – | – | 6.1% | Trump +0.8% |
Cygnal | December 5–7, 2023 | 2000 (LV) | 41.3% | 41.0% | – | 8.0% | 3.3% | – | – | 6.4% | Biden +0.3% |
Emerson College | December 4–6, 2023 | 1000 (RV) | 36.7% | 43.4% | 0.7% | 6.5% | – | 1.1% | – | 11.5% | Trump +6.7% |
CNN/SSRS | November 29 – December 6, 2023 | 1197 (RV) | 31% | 39% | 6% | 20% | – | – | 2%[ac] | 2% | Trump +8.0% |
Wall Street Journal | November 29 – December 4, 2023 | 1500 (RV) | 31% | 37% | 3% | 8% | 3% | 2% | 1% (Lars Mapstead) | 14% | Trump +6.0% |
Big Village | November 27 – December 3, 2023 | 2219 (LV) | 36.3% | 41.8% | 2.8% | 11.7% | – | – | 1.4% (I would not vote) | 5.9% | Trump +5.5% |
I&I/Tipp | November 29 – December 1, 2023 | 1301 (RV) | 33% | 38% | 2% | 11% | – | 2% | 4% | 10% | Trump +5.0% |
Messenger/HarrisX | November 22–28, 2023 | 4003 (RV) | 33% | 41% | 2% | 13% | – | – | – | 11% | Trump +8.0% |
Emerson College | November 17–20, 2023 | 1475 (RV) | 36% | 42% | 1% | 7% | – | 1% | – | 13% | Trump +6.0% |
McLaughlin & Associates | November 16–20, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 32% | 36% | 4% | 12% | 3% | 2% | – | 12% | Trump +4.0% |
Messenger/HarrisX | November 15–19, 2023 | 3017 (RV) | 33% | 40% | 2% | 14% | – | – | – | 11% | Trump +7.0% |
Harvard/HarrisX | November 15–16, 2023 | 2851 (RV) | 33% | 41% | 2% | 16% | – | 2% | – | 6% | Trump +8.0% |
Reuters/Ipsos | November 13–14, 2023 | 1006 (A) | 30% | 32% | – | 20% | – | – | 8% (I wouldn't vote) | 10% | Trump +2.0% |
Fox News | November 10–13, 2023 | 1001 (RV) | 35% | 40% | – | 13% | 5% | 4% | – | 2% | Trump +5.0% |
Fox News | November 10–13, 2023 | 1001 (RV) | 35% | 41% | 3% | 15% | – | 3% | 2%[ad] | 2% | Trump +6.0% |
Quinnipiac | November 9–13, 2023 | 1574 (RV) | 35% | 38% | 3% | 17% | – | 3% | 1% (Wouldn't vote) | 2% | Trump +3.0% |
Stein declares her Green Party candidacy | |||||||||||
Rasmussen | November 8–12, 2023 | 987 (LV) | 39% | 38% | – | 12% | – | – | – | 11% | Biden +1.0% |
Democracy Corps | November 5–11, 2023 | 500 (RV) | 37% | 45% | 0% | 9% | 3% (Manchin-Hogan) | – | 5%[ae] | – | Trump +8.0% |
Big Village | October 30 – November 5, 2023 | 1497 (LV) | 37.1% | 40.1% | 1.7% | 12.4% | – | – | 1.4% | 7.3% | Trump +3% |
New York Times/Siena | October 22 – November 3, 2023 | 3662 (LV)[af] | 34% | 36% | – | 22% | – | – | 1% | 5% | Trump +2% |
I&I/TIPP | November 1–3, 2023 | 1242 (RV) | 39% | 37% | 2% | 9% | – | – | 4% | 8% | Biden +2% |
CNN/SSRS | October 27 – November 2, 2023 | 1271 (RV) | 35% | 41% | 4% | 16% | – | – | 2% | 1% | Trump +6% |
Cygnal | October 30 – November 1, 2023 | 2000 (LV) | 40.4% | 39.4% | – | 11.9% | – | – | – | 8.2% | Biden +1% |
HarrisX/The Messenger | October 30 – November 1, 2023 | 2021 (RV) | 36% | 41% | 2% | 11% | – | – | – | 10% | Trump +5% |
American Pulse | October 27–30, 2023 | 568 (LV) | 38.9% | 39.3% | – | 11.3% | – | – | 2.6% | 7.9% | Trump +.4% |
Quinnipiac | October 26–30, 2023 | 1610 (RV) | 36% | 35% | 6% | 19% | – | – | 2% | 2% | Biden +1% |
Redfield & Wilton | October 29, 2023 | 1183 (LV) | 38% | 40% | – | 10% | – | – | 3%[ag] | 10% | Trump +2% |
Echelon Insights | October 23–26, 2023 | 1029 (LV) | 35% | 38% | 1% | 12% | – | – | 8% (No Labels party candidate) | 7% | Trump +3% |
McLaughlin & Associates | October 22–26, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 35% | 38% | 2% | 12% | – | – | – | 13% | Trump +3% |
Abacus Data | October 24–25, 2023 | 1500 (RV) | 39% | 39% | – | 8% | – | – | 5% | 10% | Even |
SP&R | October 17–23, 2023 | 1000 (A) | 47% | 40% | – | 6% | – | – | 3% | 4% | Biden +7% |
HarrisX/The Messenger | October 16–23, 2023 | 3029 (RV) | 35% | 38% | 2% | 12% | – | – | – | 12% | Trump +3% |
USA Today/Suffolk | October 17–20, 2023 | 1000 (RV) | 37% | 36% | 4% | 13% | – | – | – | 8% | Biden +1% |
Harvard/HarrisX | October 18–19, 2023 | 2116 (RV) | 31% | 39% | 3% | 18% | – | – | – | 9% | Trump +8% |
LPTAD | October 16–19, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 35% | 35% | 3% | 13% | – | – | – | 12% | Even |
YouGov/Yahoo | October 12–16, 2023 | 1122 (RV) | 40% | 39% | – | 9% | – | – | 2% | 9% | Biden +1% |
Zogby Analytics | October 13–15, 2023 | 869 (LV) | 41.2% | 42.6% | 3.7% | 12.5% | – | – | – | – | Trump +1.4% |
MNA | October 11–17, 2023 | 3318 (LV) | 36.9% | 37.9% | – | 14.2% | – | – | 8.6% | 2.4% | Trump +1% |
NPR/PBS/Marist | October 10–11, 2023 | 1218 (RV) | 44% | 37% | – | 16% | – | – | – | 3% | Biden +7% |
Kennedy declares his Independent candidacy | |||||||||||
Fox News | October 6–9, 2023 | 1007 (RV) | 41% | 41% | – | 16% | – | – | 2%[ah] | 1% | Even |
Fox News | October 6–9, 2023 | 1007 (RV) | 43% | 45% | 9% | – | – | – | 2%[ai] | 2% | Trump +2% |
Cygnal | October 3–5, 2023 | 3000 (LV) | 38.8% | 39.6% | – | 12.3% | – | – | – | 9.3% | Trump +0.8% |
Reuters/Ipsos | October 3–4, 2023 | 1005 (A) | 31% | 33% | – | 14% | – | – | 9% | 13% | Trump +2% |
Echelon Insights | September 25–28, 2023 | 1011 (LV) | 36% | 40% | – | 14% | – | – | – | 10% | Trump +4% |
John Zogby Strategies | September 23–24, 2023 | 1008 (LV) | 38% | 38% | – | 19% | – | – | 5% | – | Even |
Mclaughlin & Associates | September 22–26, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 36% | 40% | 4% | – | 6% | – | – | 14% | Trump +4% |
Mclaughlin & Associates | September 22–26, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 38% | 43% | 6% | – | – | – | – | 13% | Trump +5% |
Gravis | September 19–20, 2023 | 1262 (LV) | 40% | 41% | 2% | – | – | – | 4% (Lars Mapstead) | 13% (Other or undecided) | Trump +1% |
Emerson College | September 17–18, 2023 | 1125 (RV) | 42% | 43% | 4% | – | – | – | – | 11% | Trump +1% |
YouGov | September 7–18, 2023 | 3098 (RV) | 45% | 43% | – | – | 2% | – | 5%[aj] | 5% | Biden +2% |
PRRI | August 25–30, 2023 | 2525 (RV) | 41% | 37% | 5% | – | 10% | – | – | 6% | Biden +4% |
PRRI | August 25–30, 2023 | 2525 (RV) | 38% | 43% | 4% | – | – | – | 10% (Larry Hogan) | 7% | Trump +5% |
Wall Street Journal | August 24–30, 2023 | 1500 (RV) | 39% | 40% | 2% | – | – | – | 1% (Lars Mapstead) | 17% | Trump +1% |
Emerson College | August 25–26, 2023 | 1000 (RV) | 39% | 44% | 4% | – | – | – | – | 13% | Trump +5% |
Mclaughlin & Associates | August 15–23, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 41% | 42% | 6% | – | – | – | – | 11% | Trump +1% |
Mclaughlin & Associates | August 15–23, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 38% | 39% | 5% | – | 7% | – | – | 12% | Trump +1% |
Emerson College | August 16–17, 2023 | 1000 (RV) | 41% | 42% | 5% | – | – | – | – | 13% | Trump +1% |
McLaughlin & Associates | July 19–24, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 38% | 40% | 6% | – | 5% | – | – | 12% | Trump +2% |
McLaughlin & Associates | July 19–24, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | 40% | 42% | 5% | – | – | – | – | 13% | Trump +2% |
Reuters/Ipsos | July 11–17, 2023 | 4414 (A) | 31% | 31% | – | 18% | – | – | 9% | 10% | Even |
Echelon Insights | June 26–29, 2023 | 1020 (LV) | 42% | 43% | 4% | – | – | – | – | 11% | Trump +1% |
Emerson College | June 19–20, 2023 | 1015 (RV) | 40% | 41% | 6% | – | – | – | 7% | 6% | Trump +1% |
West declares his candidacy | |||||||||||
Data For Progress | May 25 – June 5, 2023 | 1625 (LV) | 44% | 44% | – | – | – | – | 6% (Larry Hogan) | 7% | Even |
Echelon Insights | May 22–25, 2023 | 1035 (LV) | 41% | 42% | – | – | 9% | – | – | 8% | Trump +1% |
RMG Research | May 22–24, 2023 | 1000 (RV) | 35% | 37% | – | – | 12% | – | 4% | 12% | Trump +2% |
See also[edit]
- 2024 Republican Party presidential candidates
- 2024 Democratic Party presidential candidates
- 2024 United States presidential election
- Timeline of the 2024 United States presidential election
Notes[edit]
- ^ unaffiliated with national Constitution Party
- ^ Disaffiliated from Unity Party of America
- ^ State parties in Utah and Nevada disaffiliated with the national party, and nominated Skousen
- ^ Margaret Trowe was originally named the party's vice-presidential nominee but withdrew due to health issues
- ^ The Unity Party of Colorado, which is the only affiliate with ballot access, disaffiliated with the national party and nominated Independent Cornel West for President
- ^ Disaffiliated with Unity Party of America
- ^ While the Presidential and Vice-Presidential nominations occur separately, Presidential candidates often make known their preferred Vice Presidential nominees should they receive the nomination
- ^ Originally was announced as Kristin Alexander[69]
- ^ Includes:
- 1% for Other
- 1% for I would not vote
- ^ Includes:
- 2% for "I would not vote"
- 1% for other
- ^ Includes:
- 3% for "I would not vote"
- 1% for "other"
- ^ Includes:
- 1% for wouldn't vote
- 1% for refused
- ^ Includes:
- 4% for "other candidate"
- 3% for "would not vote"
- ^ Includes:
- 1.7% for the "Libertarian party candidate"
- 1.6% for "refused"
- ^ Includes:
- 1% for other
- 1% for "do not plan to vote"
- ^ Includes:
- 1% for wouldn't vote
- 1% for refused
- ^ Listed as Haley and Phillips
- ^ Includes
- 2% for "wouldn't vote"
- 1% for other
- ^ Includes:
- 2% for "wouldn't vote"
- 1% for "someone else"
- 1% for "refused"
- ^ a b c For "blank or null vote/won't vote
- ^ Includes:
- 2% for "other"
- 1% for Lars Mapstead
- ^ Includes:
- "Wouldn't vote" at 1%
- "Refused" at 1%
- ^ Includes:
- "Wouldn't vote" at 3%
- "Someone else" at 1%
- "Refused" at 1%
- ^ Includes:
- "I wouldn't vote" at 10%
- "Dean Phillips (independent)" at 2%
- ^ Includes:
- "Other" at 4%
- Lars Mapstead at 1%
- ^ Includes:
- "Lars Mapstead" at 2.3%
- "No-Labels candidate" at 1.6%
- ^ Includes:
- "Wouldn't vote" at 1%
- "Someone else" at 1%
- ^ Includes:
- 1% for "wouldn't vote"
- 1% for "other"
- ^ Includes:
- "Other" at 1%
- "Do not plan to vote" at 1%
- ^ Includes:
- "Wouldn't vote" at 1%
- "Other" at 1%
- ^ Includes:
- "Other" at 2%
- "Chase Oliver" at 2%
- "Green Party Candidate" at 1%
- ^ Only included voters from the "battleground" states of Arizona, Georgia, Michigan Nevada, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin
- ^ Includes:
- "Other (Libertarian)" at 1%
- "Other (Another Third Party/Write-In)" at 1%
- "Won't vote" at 1%
- ^ Includes:
- "Other" at 1%
- "Wouldn't Vote" at 1%
- ^ Includes:
- "Other" at 1%
- "Wouldn't Vote" at 1%
- ^ Includes:
- "Another Candidate" at 3%
- "I would not vote" at 2%
Ballot access[edit]
- ^ Oliver on the ballot in:[4]
- Alaska (3)
- Arkansas (6)
- Arizona (11)
- California (54)
- Colorado (10)
- Connecticut (7)
- Delaware (3)
- Florida (30)
- Georgia (16)
- Hawaii (4)
- Idaho (4)
- Indiana (11)
- Iowa (6)
- Kansas (6)
- Louisiana (8)
- Maine (4)
- Maryland (10)
- Michigan (15)
- Mississippi (6)
- Missouri (10)
- Montana (4)
- Nebraska (5)
- Nevada (6)
- North Carolina (16)
- North Dakota (3)
- Oklahoma (7)
- Oregon (8)
- South Carolina (9)
- South Dakota (3)
- Texas (40)
- Utah (6)
- Vermont (3)
- West Virginia (4)
- Wisconsin (10)
- Wyoming (3)
- ^ Petitioned to be on the ballot in:[4]
- Ohio (17)
- ^ Libertarian Party write-in states:
- Alabama (9)
- New Hampshire (4)
- New Jersey (14)
- Pennsylvania (19)
- Rhode Island (4)
- ^ Stein on the ballot in:[4]
- Arizona (11)
- Arkansas (6)
- California (54)
- Colorado (10)
- Washington, D.C. (3)
- Florida (30)
- Georgia (16)[6][7][better source needed]
- Hawaii (4)
- Idaho (4) (as independent)
- Louisiana (8)
- Maine (4)
- Michigan (15)
- Mississippi (24)
- Montana (4)
- New Mexico (5)
- North Carolina (16)
- Oregon (8)
- South Carolina (9)
- Texas (40)
- Utah (6)
- West Virginia (4)
- Wisconsin (10)
- ^ Petitioned to be on the ballot in:
- Alaska (3) (as independent)[7][better source needed]
- Nevada (6)[4]
- ^ Stein write-in states:
- Alabama (9)
- New Hampshire (4)
- New Jersey (14)
- Iowa (6)
- Pennsylvania (19)
- Rhode Island (4)
- Vermont (3)
- Wyoming (3)
- ^ Disputed petition states:
- ^ Kennedy on the ballot in:[4]
- ^ Kennedy petitioned to be on the ballot in:[4]
- Idaho (4)
- Iowa (6)
- Nebraska (5)
- New Hampshire (4)
- New Jersey (14)[24]
- New York (28)[25]
- North Carolina (16)
- Ohio (17)[26]
- Minnesota (10)[27][better source needed]
- ^ Kennedy write-in states:
- Alabama (9)
- Oregon (8)
- Pennsylvania (19)
- Rhode Island (4)
- Vermont (3)
- Wyoming (3)
- ^ Disputed petition states:
- ^ Constitution Party on the ballot in:[4]
- ^ Constitution Party petitioned to be on the ballot in:[4]
- North Carolina (16)
- Delaware (3)
- ^ Constitution Party write-in states:
- Alabama (9)
- Iowa (6)
- New Hampshire (4)
- New Jersey (14)
- Pennsylvania (19)
- Rhode Island (4)
- Vermont (3)
- ^ Cornel West on the ballot in:
- ^ West petitioned to be on the ballot in:
- North Carolina (16)[44]
- ^ West write-in states:
- Alabama (9)
- Iowa (6)
- New Hampshire (4)
- New Jersey (14)
- Pennsylvania (19)
- Rhode Island (4)
- Wyoming (3)
- ^ De La Cruz on the ballot in:
- Hawaii (4)[16]
- Idaho (4)
- South Carolina (9, as South Carolina Workers Party)
- Utah (6)[47]
- ^ De La Cruz write-in states:
- Alabama (9)
- Iowa (6)
- New Hampshire (4)
- New Jersey (14)
- Oregon (8)
- Pennsylvania (19)
- Rhode Island (4)
- Vermont (3)
- Wyoming (3)
- ^ Constitution Party offshoots on the ballot in:
- ^ Constitution Party offshoots write-in states:
- Alabama (9)
- Iowa (6)
- New Hampshire (4)
- New Jersey (14)
- Oregon (8)
- Pennsylvania (19)
- Rhode Island (4)
- Vermont (3)
- Wyoming (3)
- ^ American Solidarity Party on the ballot in:
- ^ American Solidarity Party write-in states:
- Alabama (9)
- Iowa (6)
- New Hampshire (4)
- New Jersey (14)
- Oregon (8)
- Pennsylvania (19)
- Rhode Island (4)
- Vermont (3)
- Wyoming (3)
- ^ Approval Voting Party on the ballot in:
- Colorado (10)
- ^ Approval Voting Party write-in states:
- Alabama (9)
- Iowa (6)
- New Hampshire (4)
- New Jersey (14)
- Oregon (8)
- Pennsylvania (19)
- Rhode Island (4)
- Vermont (3)
- Wyoming (3)
- ^ Prohibition Party on the ballot in:
- ^ Prohibition Party write-in states:
- Alabama (9)
- Iowa (6)
- New Hampshire (4)
- New Jersey (14)
- Oregon (8)
- Pennsylvania (19)
- Rhode Island (4)
- Vermont (3)
- Wyoming (3)
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