3-PPP
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| Other names | Preclamol |
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| Formula | C14H21NO |
| Molar mass | 219.328 g·mol−1 |
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3-PPP (N-n-propyl-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine) is a mixed sigma σ1 and σ2 receptor agonist (with similar affinity for both subtypes, though slightly higher affinity for the latter)[1] and D2 receptor partial agonist which is used in scientific research.[2][3] It shows stereoselectivity in its pharmacodynamics.[2] (+)-3-PPP is the enantiomer that acts as an agonist of the sigma receptors;[3] it is also an agonist of both D2 presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors.[2] Conversely, (−)-3-PPP, also known as preclamol (INN), acts as an agonist of presynaptic D2 receptors but as an antagonist of postsynaptic D2 receptors, and has antipsychotic effects.[2][4] 3-PPP has also been reported to be a monoamine reuptake inhibitor and possibly to act at adrenergic receptors or some other non-sigma receptor.[5]
Synthesis
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The Grignard reagent was prepared for 3-Bromoanisole [2398-37-0] (1) and this was reacted with 3-Bromopyridine [626-55-1] (2) to give 3-(3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine [4373-67-5] (3). Reaction with 1-bromopropane [106-94-5] occurred to give the quaternary salt PC13695099 (4a). {Alternatively catalytic hydrogenation of 3 could be attempted directly to give 3-(3-methoxyphenyl)piperidine [79601-21-1] (4b). A second reductive amination with propionic acid was then performed.} Catalytic hydrogenation of the quat cation gave 3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-propylpiperidine [86562-23-4] (5). Demethylation with hydrogen bromide then completed the synthesis of preclamol (6).
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Hellewell SB, Bowen WD (1990). "A sigma-like binding site in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells: decreased affinity for (+)-benzomorphans and lower molecular weight suggest a different sigma receptor form from that of guinea pig brain". Brain Res. 527 (2): 244–253. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91143-5. PMID 2174717. S2CID 24546226.
- ^ a b c d Hjorth S, Carlsson A, Clark D, Svensson K, Wikström H, Sanchez D, Lindberg P, Hacksell U, Arvidsson LE, Johansson A (1983). "Central dopamine receptor agonist and antagonist actions of the enantiomers of 3-PPP". Psychopharmacology. 81 (2): 89–99. doi:10.1007/bf00428999. PMID 6415751. S2CID 1168359.
- ^ a b Hellewell SB, Bruce A, Feinstein G, Orringer J, Williams W, Bowen WD (1994). "Rat liver and kidney contain high densities of sigma 1 and sigma 2 receptors: characterization by ligand binding and photoaffinity labeling". Eur. J. Pharmacol. 268 (1): 9–18. doi:10.1016/0922-4106(94)90115-5. PMID 7925616.
- ^ Jeffrey S. Albert (6 June 2012). Targets and Emerging Therapies for Schizophrenia. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 64–. ISBN 978-1-118-30940-7.
- ^ Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry. Academic Press. 5 October 1993. pp. 14–. ISBN 978-0-08-058372-3.
- ^ Serradell, MN; Nohria, V.; Castaer, J.; Blancafort, P.; 3-PPP. Drugs Fut 1983, 8, 1, 27.
- ^ Hacksell, Uli; Arvidsson, Lars Erik; Svensson, Uno; Nilsson, J. Lars G.; Sanchez, Domingo; Wikstroem, Hakan; Lindberg, Per; Hjorth, Stephan; Carlsson, Arvid (1981). "3-Phenylpiperidines. Central dopamine-autoreceptor stimulating activity". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 24 (12): 1475–1482. doi:10.1021/jm00144a021.
- ^ Thorberg, Seth-Olov; Gawell, Lars; Csöregh, Ingeborg; Nilsson, J.L.G. (1985). "Large scale synthesis and absolute configuration of (-)-3-ppp, a selective dopamine autoreceptor agonist". Tetrahedron. 41 (1): 129–139. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)83477-3.
- ^ P Carlsson, et al. WO1981001552 (to Dr Per Arvid Emil Carlsson Te Gotenburg Zweden).
- ^ Filippis, Arnault; Pardo, Domingo; Cossy, Janine (2005). "A Very Short and Efficient Synthesis of Preclamol". Letters in Organic Chemistry 2 (2): 136–138. doi:10.2174/1570178053202883.
- ^ 王敏, et al. CN109232386 (2019 to China Agricultural University).
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