Abdur Rab Nishtar

Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar
سردار عبدالرب نشتر
Nishtar's official portrait
2nd Governor of West Punjab
In office 2 August 1949 – 24 November 1951
Monarch	George VI
Governors‑General	Khawaja Nazimuddin Malik Ghulam Muhammad
Chief Minister	Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mumtaz Daultana
Preceded by	Francis Mudie
Succeeded by	I. I. Chundrigar
1st Minister of Communications
In office 15 August 1947 – 1 August 1949
Monarch	George VI
Governors‑General	Muhammad Ali Jinnah Khawaja Nazimuddin
Prime Minister	Liaquat Ali Khan
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Sardar Bahadur Khan
Personal details
Born	13 June 1899 Peshawar, British India (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
Died	14 February 1958(1958-02-14) (aged 58) Karachi, Federal Capital Territory, Pakistan (present-day Sindh, Pakistan)
Resting place	Mazar-e-Quaid
Nationality	British Indian (1899-1947)  Pakistani (1947-1958)
Political party	Muslim League (after independence) All India Muslim League (before independence)
Education	Edwardes College
Alma mater	University of the Punjab (B.A) Aligarh Muslim University (L.L.B)
Occupation	Politician

Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar (13 June 1899 – 14 February 1958) was a Pakistani independence activist and politician from the North-West Frontier Province (present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa).^[1] He served as the first Minister of Communications of Pakistan from August 1947 to August 1949 and then as the second Governor of West Punjab from August 1949 to November 1951.

Abdul Rab Nishtar was born on 13 June 1899 into a religious household in Peshawar, British India. His father, Maulvi Abdul Hannan was a prominent figure from the Pashtun Kakar tribe that had fiercely opposed the British rule in South Asia.^[1][2]

Nishtar's ancestors hailed from Zhob, district in north Balochistan but had later settled in Peshawar. He completed his early education in a Christian mission school and later Sanathan Dharam High School in Bombay, (now 'Mumbai' in India). He eventually graduated from the Edwardes College in Peshawar and then later on completed his Bachelor of Arts degree from the Punjab University, Lahore in 1923. He later went to Aligarh and received an LL.B degree with honours from Aligarh Muslim University in 1925.^[1][2]

A man of deep religious convictions, he also had a deep interest in Islamic mysticism, a fact which probably reflects the influence of his parents and also his associate Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar. From 1919 to 1920, both of them actively participated in the Khilafat Movement.^{[citation needed]} Later, Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar remained member of Indian National Congress from 1927 to 1931, was elected Municipal Commissioner, Peshawar Municipal committee, successively from 1929 to 1938, joined All-India Muslim League, became a confidante of Pakistan's founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah. From 1932 to 1936, Nishtar was a member of All India Muslim League (AIML) Council, member NWFP (Northwest Frontier Province) legislative Assembly 1937 to 1945, Finance Minister NWFP 1943–45, member AIML Working Committee, 1944–1947, represented the All India Muslim League at the Simla Conference in 1945.^[3][1]

Abdur Rab Nishtar was ousted from provincial politics through the political maneuvers of a rival political leader Abdul Qayyum Khan in 1946.^[2] Abdul Qayyum Khan was an outcast from the Indian National Congress Party, who then vigorously opposed that political party after his ouster from it,^[4] especially he was against the union of the Indian subcontinent in a single country and was working for the creation of an independent Muslim state.^[5][1]

After the Dominion of Pakistan was created, Nishtar was appointed Minister for communication in Pakistan and served in that position from 1947 to 1949.^{[citation needed]} He introduced the use of Urdu language in Pakistan Railways and Pakistan Post Office.^{[citation needed]} After the dismissal of the Punjab Provincial government in 1949, Sardar Nishtar was appointed Governor of Punjab (the first Pakistani governor in Pakistan's history, till that time the British government had still continued governing with previous English Governors). He effectively ran the Governorship for two years paving the way for restoration of an elected government in 1951.^[1][2]

Nishtar was considered a serious contender for the post of Prime Minister after Liaqat Ali Khan's assassination.^{[citation needed]} His appointment was blocked by senior secularists and liberal officials including the future President Iskander Mirza because of Nishtar's conservative and Islamic views.

He subsequently fell out with the government over the dismissal of Prime minister Khawaja Nazimuddin's government by Governor General Ghulam Muhammad.^[6] Refusing to be involved in what he perceived as an undemocratic act, Nishtar went into opposition. In 1956, when the first Pakistani constitution was adopted, Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar was elected president of the Muslim League against the wishes of President Iskandar Mirza and then prime minister Chaudhry Mohammad Ali who were backing Dr. Khan Sahib from the Republican Party as West Pakistan chief minister while Nishtar wanted a Muslim League man for the office. But a big majority of the League leaders, including Nawab Mushtaq Ahmad Gurmani and Mumtaz Daultana, supported Iskander Mirza.^[7]

He subsequently took over the leadership of the Muslim League party and the League was expected to do well in West Pakistan in the planned 1959 elections but unfortunately he died before that. He served as president, Pakistan Muslim League from 1956 to 1958.^[2]

Pakistan Post Office issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series in 1990.^[8][9]

Abdur Rab Nishtar died of a heart attack on 14 February 1958 in Karachi. He had been suffering from heart disease and high blood pressure since 1953. Nishtar Medical College, Nishtar Hospital in the city of Multan and Nishtar Hall Peshawar are named in his honor. Nishtar Park and Nishtar Road in Karachi are named after him. He was buried at Mazar-e-Quaid near the Tomb of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founding father of Pakistan to acknowledge his services in the cause of Pakistan. Abdul Rab Nishtar had a reputation of being a sincere political leader and a man of amicable nature. With his political activities, he contributed greatly to All-India Muslim League and the Muslims living in the Indian subcontinent, creating political consciousness and Islamic spirit among them.^[1][2]

Abdul Rab Nishtar was a close friend of both Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar and Maulana Shaukat Ali. At one point during their association, Muhammad Ali Jauhar had told Nishtar that he opposed Jinnah for re-organization of the All-India Muslim League. After finding out all the details of Jinnah-Jauhar discussion, Nishtar decided to support Jinnah's proposal and even succeeded in convincing Jauhar to do the same.^[1]

Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar's younger brother Sardar Abdul Ghayur was a senior diplomat who served as Pakistan's ambassador in numerous countries. Safwat Ghayur (Shaheed) the widely respected and venerated AIGP (police) officer who was martyred in the line of duty was a nephew of Nishtar. General Abdul Waheed Kakar former Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan) is another nephew of Nishtar. Senior political leader, chairman of Qaumi Watan Party, former chief minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and former interior minister Aftab Ahmad Khan Sherpao was son in law to Nishtar.

His eldest son Jamil Nishtar was a renowned banker, another was Prominent physician Professor Dr Tariq Nishtar, and youngest one died at the age 29 and was an engineer.^[10] Abdur Rab Nishtar's grandson is married to Dr. Sania Nishtar,^[11] who was the special assistant on poverty alleviation and social safety to Prime Minister Imran Khan

Syed Mujawar Hussain Shah, Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar: A Political Biography (Lahore, Qadiria Books, 1985).

• Abdur Rab Nishtar, Pioneers of Freedom website
• Abdul Rab Nishtar on Overseas Pakistanis Foundation website