Early-to-mid 2010s reorganisation of the British Army
Army 2020 was the name given to the restructuring of the British Army in the early and mid-2010s, in light of the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010 . The plan, as its name suggested, was intended to be completed by 2020, though most of its reorganisations were completed by the middle of the decade. It was succeeded by Army 2020 Refine , a series of new changes and refinements of Army 2020's restructuring, conducted in light of the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 .
The British government gave an indication of its proposals for the future structure of the Army in early 2008, in a press report stating that it was considering restructuring the Army into a force of three deployable divisional headquarters and eight "homogenous or identical" brigades, each with a spread of heavy, medium and light capabilities. This report indicated that the existing 16 Air Assault Brigade would be retained as a high-readiness rapid reaction force .[ 1]
Subsequently, it was reported that the former Chief of the General Staff , General Sir Richard Dannatt , wanted to see the Army structured so as to extend the interval between operational tours from two years to two-and-a-half years.[ 2]
In 2010, the Strategic Defence and Security Review was published. As part of the plans, the British Army would be reduced by 23 regular units, and by 2020 would number 117,000 soldiers, of whom 82,000 would be regulars and 30,000 would be reservists .[ 3]
Originally envisaged structure [ edit ] The originally envisaged future structure was announced on 19 July 2011 in a briefing paper entitled Defence Basing Review: Headline Decisions .[ 4] [ 5] [ 6]
The divisional headquarters of 2nd , 4th, and 5th Divisions were disbanded in 2012 and replaced by a single formation known as Support Command , based at Aldershot .[ 4]
The five multi-role brigades envisaged in 2011 would have comprised:[ 7]
One armoured regiment of Challenger 2 tanks One armoured reconnaissance regiment One armoured infantry battalion of Warrior armoured fighting vehicles One mechanised infantry battalion of FV432 armoured personnel carriers Two light role infantry battalions Combat Support and Logistics would have been retained at divisional level. It was envisaged that 19th Light Brigade , then part of 3rd Mechanised Division , would be disbanded.[ 8]
The 16 Air Assault Brigade , comprising two battalions of the Parachute Regiment and two Army Air Corps regiments of attack helicopters. This would deliver a very high readiness Lead Air Assault Task Force, with the rest of the brigade ready to move at longer notice.
The 3rd (UK) Mechanised Division, renamed the 3rd (United Kingdom) Division , comprising three armoured infantry brigades: 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade , 12th Armoured Infantry Brigade and 20th Armoured Infantry Brigade .[ 9]
The complete air assault brigade and a full mechanised brigade would be available for deployment within three months. All three brigade's HQs are to be based in the Salisbury Plain Training Area .[ 10]
Reaction Force – Originally Envisaged Structure[ 11] 3rd (United Kingdom) Division Bulford Camp Royal Wessex Yeomanry Bovington Camp 1st Armoured Infantry Brigade Tidworth Camp 12th Armoured Infantry Brigade 20th Armoured Infantry Brigade 101 Logistic Brigade 1 Regiment , Royal Logistic Corps , at St David's Barracks , Bicester 3 Regiment , Royal Logistic Corps, at Aldershot Garrison4 Regiment , Royal Logistic Corps, at Dalton Barracks , Abingdon-on-Thames 9 Regiment , Royal Logistic Corps, at Buckley Barracks , Hullavington 10 Queen's Own Gurkha Logistic Regiment , Royal Logistic Corps, at Aldershot Garrison27 Regiment, Royal Logistic Corps, at Dalton Barracks, Abingdon-on-Thames 151 Transport Regiment , Royal Logistic CorpsCroydon 154 (Scottish) Transport Regiment , Royal Logistic CorpsDunfermline 156 Supply Regiment , Royal Logistic CorpsLiverpool 157 (Welsh) Transport Regiment , Royal Logistic CorpsCardiff 1 Armoured Medical Regiment , Royal Army Medical Corps , at Tidworth Camp4 Armoured Medical Regiment , Royal Army Medical Corps, at Aldershot Garrison5 Armoured Medical Regiment , Royal Army Medical Corps, at Tidworth Camp3 Armoured Close Support Battalion , Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers , at Tidworth Camp4 Armoured Close Support Battalion , Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, at Tidworth Camp5 Force Support Battalion , Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, at Kendrew Barracks , Cottesmore 6 Armoured Close Support Battalion , Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, at Tidworth Camp 16 Air Assault Brigade Colchester Garrison 2nd Battalion , Parachute Regiment , at Colchester Garrison3rd Battalion , Parachute Regiment, at Colchester Garrison4th Battalion , Parachute RegimentPudsey 3 Regiment , Army Air Corps , at Wattisham Airfield 4 Regiment , Army Air Corps, at Wattisham Airfield6 Regiment , Army Air CorpsBury St Edmunds 7th Parachute Regiment , Royal Horse Artillery , at Colchester Garrison23 Engineer Regiment (Air Assault) , Royal Engineers , at Rock Barracks , Suffolk 13 (Air Assault) Support Regiment , Royal Logistic Corps, at Colchester Garrison16 Medical Regiment , Royal Army Medical Corps, at Colchester Garrison7 (Air Assault) Battalion , Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, at Wattisham Airfield216 (Parachute) Signal Squadron , Royal Signals , at Colchester Garrison
The 1st Armoured Division, renamed as the 1st (United Kingdom) Division , along with Support Command . Comprises seven infantry brigades (4th , 7th , 11th , 38th , 42nd , 51st and 160th ) of various sizes, each made up of paired regular and Territorial Army forces, drawn from an Adaptable Force pool of units.[ 10]
Adaptable Force – Originally Envisaged Structure[ 12] 1st (United Kingdom) Division Imphal Barracks , York 4th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North East Catterick Garrison 7th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters East Chetwynd Barracks , Chilwell 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards , at Robertson Barracks , Swanton Morley Royal Yeomanry Fulham House , Fulham 1st Battalion, Royal Anglian Regiment , at Royal Artillery Barracks , Woolwich 2nd Battalion, Royal Anglian Regiment, at Kendrew Barracks , Cottesmore 3rd Battalion , Royal Anglian RegimentBury St Edmunds 1st Battalion, Royal Irish Regiment , at Clive Barracks , Ternhill 2nd Battalion, Royal Irish Regiment , at Thiepval Barracks , Lisburn 3rd Battalion, Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment , at Canterbury 11th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters South East Aldershot Garrison 1st Battalion, Welsh Guards , at Elizabeth Barracks , Pirbright 1st Battalion, Grenadier Guards , at Aldershot Garrison 1st Battalion, Royal Gurkha Rifles , at Shorncliffe Army Camp , Kent 3rd Battalion , Royal Welsh Maindy Barracks , Cardiff The London Regiment St John's Hill Drill Hall , Battersea 38th (Irish) Brigade 42nd Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North West Fulwood Barracks , Preston 2nd Battalion, Mercian Regiment , at Dale Barracks , Upton-by-Chester 4th Battalion , Mercian RegimentWolverhampton 2nd Battalion, Duke of Lancaster's Regiment , at Weeton Barracks , Weeton-with-Preese 4th Battalion , Duke of Lancaster's Regiment51st Infantry Brigade and Headquarters Scotland Redford Barracks , Edinburgh Royal Scots Dragoon Guards , at Leuchars Station , Leuchars Royal Mercian and Lancastrian Yeomanry 3rd Battalion, The Rifles, at Dreghorn Barracks , Edinburgh Royal Highland Fusiliers, 2nd Battalion , Royal Regiment of Scotland, at EdinburghBlack Watch, 3rd Battalion , Royal Regiment of Scotland, at Fort George , Ardersier 52nd Lowland, 6th Battalion , Royal Regiment of ScotlandWalcheren Barracks , Glasgow 51st Highland, 7th Battalion , Royal Regiment of ScotlandQueen's Barracks , Perth 5th Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers , at Newcastle 160th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters Wales The Barracks , Brecon 102 Logistic Brigade Prince William of Gloucester Barracks , Grantham 6 Regiment , Royal Logistic Corps , at Dishforth Airfield , North Yorkshire 7 Regiment , Royal Logistic Corps, at Kendrew Barracks, Cottesmore150 Transport Regiment Kingston upon Hull 158 Transport Regiment Peterborough 159 Supply Regiment Coventry 2 Medical Regiment , Royal Army Medical Corps , at St George's Barracks , North Luffenham 3 Medical Regiment , at Fulwood Barracks, Preston225 (Scottish) Medical Regiment, Royal Army Medical Corps , at Dundee 253 (North Irish) Medical Regiment , Royal Army Medical CorpsBelfast 254 (East of England) Medical Regiment , Royal Army Medical CorpsCambridge 1 Close Support Battalion , Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers , at Catterick Garrison2 Close Support Battalion , Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, at Leuchars Station, Leuchars101 Battalion , Royal Electrical and Mechanical EngineersWrexham 102 Battalion , Royal Electrical and Mechanical EngineersNewton Aycliffe 104 Battalion , Royal Electrical and Mechanical EngineersNorthampton 106 Battalion , Royal Electrical and Mechanical EngineersGlasgow British Forces Cyprus 1st Battalion, Duke of Lancaster's Regiment (rotates between 1 LANCS, 2 LANCS, and 2 YORKS, on a two year duty) 2nd Battalion, Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (rotates between 2 PWRR, 1 R ANGLIAN, and 2 R ANGLIAN, on a two year duty) British Forces Brunei 2nd Battalion, Royal Gurkha Rifles (rotates between 1 RGR and 2 RGR) State Ceremonial and Public duties Balaklava Company, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, 5th Battalion , Royal Regiment of Scotland, at Redford Barracks, Edinburgh Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment , at Hyde Park Barracks , Knightsbridge King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery , at Royal Artillery Barracks, Woolwich1st Battalion, Coldstream Guards , at Victoria Barracks , Windsor 1st Battalion, Irish Guards , at Cavalry Barracks , Hounslow Nijmegen Company, Grenadier Guards, at Wellington Barracks , Westminster No. 7 Company, Coldstream Guards, at Wellington Barracks, Westminster F Company, Scots Guards, at Wellington Barracks, Westminster
Force Troops Command [ edit ] Force Troops Command – Originally Envisaged Structure[ 13] 1st Artillery Brigade and Headquarters South West Tidworth Camp 1st Regiment , Royal Horse Artillery , at Larkhill Garrison 3rd Regiment , Royal Horse Artillery, at Albemarle Barracks , Northumberland 4th Regiment , Royal Artillery , at Alanbrooke Barracks , Topcliffe 19th Regiment , Royal Artillery, at Larkhill Garrison26th Regiment , Royal Artillery, at Larkhill Garrison101st (Northumbrian) Regiment , Royal ArtilleryGateshead 103rd (Lancashire Artillery Volunteers) Regiment , Royal ArtillerySt Helens 105th Regiment , Royal ArtilleryRedford Barracks , Edinburgh 8th Engineer Brigade Gibraltar Barracks , Minley 12 (Force Support) Engineer Group RAF Wittering , Peterborough 20 Works Group Royal Engineers (Air Support), at RAF Wittering, Peterborough 36 Engineer Regiment , Royal Engineers , at Invicta Park Barracks , Maidstone 39 Engineer Regiment , Royal Engineers, at Kinloss Barracks , Kinloss 71 Engineer Regiment , Royal Engineers, at Leuchars Station , Leuchars 75 Engineer Regiment , Royal Engineers, at Peninsula Barracks , Warrington 25 (Close Support) Engineer Group 21 Engineer Regiment , Royal Engineers, at Catterick Garrison 22 Engineer Regiment , Royal Engineers, at Swinton Barracks , Perham Down 26 Engineer Regiment , Royal Engineers, at Swinton Barracks, Perham Down32 Engineer Regiment , Royal Engineers, at Catterick Garrison35 Engineer Regiment , Royal Engineers, at Swinton Barracks, Perham Down29 (Explosive Ordnance Disposal and Search) Group Aldershot Garrison 1st Military Working Dog Regiment , Royal Army Veterinary Corps , at St George's Barracks , North Luffenham 11 Explosive Ordnance Disposal Regiment , Royal Logistic Corps , at Vauxhall Barracks , Didcot 33 Engineer Regiment (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) , Royal Engineers, at Carver Barracks , Wimbish 101 (City of London) Engineer Regiment (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) 170 (Infrastructure Support) Engineer Group Chetwynd Barracks , Chilwell 62 Works Group Royal Engineers, at Chetwynd Barracks, Chilwell 63 Works Group Royal Engineers, at Chetwynd Barracks, Chilwell 64 Works Group Royal Engineers, at Chetwynd Barracks, Chilwell 65 Works Group Royal Engineers , at Chetwynd Barracks, Chilwell66 Works Group Royal Engineers, at Chetwynd Barracks, Chilwell Royal Monmouthshire Royal Engineers (Militia) Monmouth Castle , Monmouth 1st Signal Brigade Imjin Barracks , Innsworth 299 Signal Squadron (Special Communications), Royal Signals , at Bletchley 22nd Signal Regiment , Royal Signals, at Beacon Barracks , Stafford 30th Signal Regiment , Royal Signals, at Gamecock Barracks , Bramcote ARRC Support Battalion, at Imjin Barracks, Innsworth11th Signal Brigade and Headquarters West Midlands Venning Barracks , Donnington 2nd Signal Group , at Venning Barracks, Donnington 10th Signal Regiment , Royal Signals, at MoD Corsham , Corsham 15th Signal Regiment (Information Support) , Royal Signals, at Blandford Camp 32nd (Scottish) Signal Regiment , Royal SignalsGlasgow 37th Signal Regiment , Royal SignalsRedditch 39th (Skinners) Signal Regiment , Royal SignalsBristol 71st (City of London) Yeomanry Signal Regiment , Royal SignalsBexleyheath 7th Signal Group , at Beacon Barracks, Stafford 1st Signal Regiment , Royal Signals, at Beacon Barracks, Stafford2nd Signal Regiment , Royal Signals, at Imphal Barracks , York 3rd Signal Regiment , Royal Signals, at Bulford Camp 16th Signal Regiment , Royal Signals, at Beacon Barracks, Stafford21st Signal Regiment , Royal Signals, at Azimghur Barracks , Colerne 104th Logistic Support Brigade Duke of Gloucester Barracks , South Cerney 2 Operational Support Group, Royal Logistic Corps, at Prince William of Gloucester Barracks , Grantham 17 Port and Maritime Regiment , Royal Logistic Corps, at McMullen Barracks, Marchwood Military Port 29 Regiment , Royal Logistic Corps, at Duke of Gloucester Barracks, South Cerney152 Fuel Support Regiment , Royal Logistic CorpsBelfast 162 Postal Courier and Movement Control Regiment , Royal Logistic CorpsNottingham 165 (Wessex) Port and Enabling Regiment , Royal Logistic CorpsPlymouth 167 Catering Support Regiment , Royal Logistic Corps2nd Medical Brigade Queen Elizabeth Barracks , Strensall 22 Field Hospital, at Aldershot Garrison 33 Field Hospital, at Fort Blockhouse , Gosport 34 Field Hospital, at Queen Elizabeth Barracks, Strensall 201 (Northern) Field Hospital Fenham Barracks , Newcastle upon Tyne 202 (Midlands) Field Hospital Birmingham 203 (Welsh) Field Hospital Cardiff 204 (North Irish) Field Hospital 205 (Scottish) Field Hospital Gordon Barracks , Aberdeen 207 (Manchester) Field Hospital Manchester 208 (Liverpool) Field Hospital Liverpool 212 (Yorkshire) Field Hospital Endcliffe Hall , Sheffield 243 (The Wessex) Field Hospital 256 (City of London) Field Hospital Braganza Street drill hall , Walworth 306 Hospital Support Regiment , at Queen Elizabeth Barracks, Strensall335 Medical Evacuation Regiment Operational HQ Support Group , at Queen Elizabeth Barracks, Strensall1st Intelligence and Surveillance Brigade Trenchard Lines , Upavon 5th Regiment , Royal Artillery, at Catterick Garrison32nd Regiment , Royal Artillery, at Larkhill Garrison47th Regiment , Royal Artillery, at Larkhill Garrison104th Regiment , Royal ArtilleryRaglan Barracks , Newport Honourable Artillery Company 14th Signal Regiment (Electronic Warafre) , Royal Signals, at MOD St Athan , St Athan 1 Military Intelligence Battalion, at Catterick Garrison 2 Military Intelligence Battalion, at Trenchard Lines, Upavon 3 Military Intelligence Battalion , at Hackney 4 Military Intelligence Battalion, at Bulford Camp 5 Military Intelligence Battalion , at Edinburgh6 Military Intelligence Battalion , at Manchester7 Military Intelligence Battalion , at BristolLand Intelligence Fusion Centre , at Denison Barracks , Hermitage Defence Cultural Specialist Unit, at Denison Barracks, Hermitage Specialist Group Military Intelligence , at Denison Barracks, HermitageSecurity Assistance Group , at Denison Barracks, Hermitage Military Stabilisation Support Group, at Denison Barracks, Hermitage 15 Psychological Operations Group , at Denison Barracks, HermitageMedia Operations Group , at London1st Military Police Brigade Marlborough Lines , Andover 1 Regiment , Royal Military Police , at Catterick Garrison3 Regiment , Royal Military Police, at Bulford Camp4 Regiment , Royal Military Police, at Aldershot GarrisonSpecial Investigation Branch Regiment, Royal Military Police, at Bulford Camp Special Operations Unit, Royal Military Police, at Longmoor Military Camp Military Corrective Training Centre , at Colchester Garrison
The boxes above provides the general structure of the British Army once Army 2020 is completed. It excludes units under Regional Command, Recruiting and Training Command, or units under other commands such as the air defence regiments.
The term "Regional Point of Command," encompassing organisations such as Headquarters North East , also appears to have been introduced under the reorganisations.
Royal Armoured Corps [ edit ] Four of the Royal Armoured Corps ' Regiments were merged into two regiments:[ 14]
39 Regiment Royal Artillery was disbanded, with its Multiple Launch Rocket Systems being transferred to the rest of the Royal Artillery and Territorial Army .
In accordance with the Strategic Defence and Security Review, the number of AS-90 self-propelled guns was reduced by 35%.[ 15] Challenger 2 tanks was cut by around forty per cent, and by 2014 had been reduced to 227.[ 16]
12th and 16th Royal Artillery would continue to be placed under a joint Army-RAF unit, the Joint Ground Based Air Defence Headquarters .[ 17] [ 18] [ 19]
Four of the British Army's 36 regular infantry battalions were disbanded or merged with sister units in their regiments:
A fifth battalion, the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders , 5th Battalion Royal Regiment of Scotland , was reduced to a single company to carry out public duties in Scotland.
However, through the 2020 reforms, 3 new battalions of infantry (1 regular, 2 reserve) were created including:[ 20] [ 21]
[ edit ] The Joint Helicopter Command remained an integral part of the land force. The Army Air Corps was reduced by one regular regiment. 1 and 9 Regt AAC merged, operating the new Wildcat helicopter.[ 22] AgustaWestland Apache to AH-64E standard; however, an 11 May 2017 U.S. government contract list stated only 38 would be re-manufactured.[ 23] [ 24] [ 25] [ 26]
The Territorial Army was renamed the Army Reserve , and expanded from 19,000 to 30,000 personnel.[ 27] [ 3] [ 28] [ 29]
Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers [ edit ] The regular component of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers structure was reduced by one battalion to seven regular battalions.
Royal Military Police [ edit ] As part of the drawdown from Germany, the Royal Military Police lost one regiment, 4 Regiment RMP, with all provost companies re-subordinating. The three remaining regiments were re-organised.[ 22]
British Forces Royal Logistic Corps in Germany were announced to be withdrawn back to the UK by 2015:
8 Regiment RLC disbanded (formerly at BFG Munster and late York Barracks) on 31 March 2012. 24 Regiment RLC (part of 104th Logistic Support Brigade) disbanded in Bielefeld , Germany in August 2013. 23 Pioneer Regiment RLC (part of 104th Logistic Support Brigade) at Bicester disbanded in 2013/14. An initial basing plan located infantry brigades throughout the United Kingdom, with the three reaction force brigades situated in the Salisbury Plain Training Area .[ 30] [ 10]
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General Regiments
