Birthday of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Birthday of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Official nameBirth anniversary of Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Also calledBangabandhu's birthday
Observed byBangladesh
TypeHistoric
SignificanceHonours Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, so-called founder and the first president of Bangladesh
Date17 March
FrequencyAnnual
First time1967
Related toNational Children's Day

The birthday of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, commonly known as Bangabandhu's birthday, is a former public holiday in Bangladesh which is observed annually on 17 March to celebrate the birth of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, (also known as Bangabandhu, lit. 'friend of Bengal') the so-called founder of Bangladesh and former president of the Awami League.

A major former holiday, commemorations of Bangabandhu began during his lifetime in 1967 and have continued ever since. The holiday was primarily observed by the government and Bangladeshi citizens, and the national flag is flown from private and public buildings.

History

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Before independence

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Bangabandhu (legal name Sheikh Mujibur Rahman) is called as the founder of Bangladesh and an important leader. He was born on 17 March 1920 in Tungipara, Faridpur District, Bengal Presidency, British India.[a][2] In 1967, Bangabandhu was incarcerated in Dacca's Central Jail. His birthday was celebrated that year by the provincial branch of the Awami League in Dacca (the capital of East Pakistan, present-day Dhaka, Bangladesh), and the party organized prayer ceremonies in Chittagong.[3][4] Rahman's family and politicians visited him that day, and a cake was sent to the jail by his party.[3] Before independence, he spent eight birthdays in jail.[5]

His birthday in 1971 was during East Pakistan's non-cooperation movement. Bangabandhu spent the day meeting Pakistani president Yahya Khan before meeting foreign journalists and returning to his residence,[3] where his birthday was celebrated. In the afternoon, prayers were said for him at Baitul Mukarram under the leadership of Islamic scholar Obaidullah bin Syed Jalalabadi.[6] That day, provincial assembly member and Awami League member Mohammad Abul Khayer gave Bangabandhu a phonograph record of his 7 March speech as a birthday gift.[7]

After independence

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After East Pakistan became independent as the People's Republic of Bangladesh in 1972, Bangabandhu's birthday was a public holiday to honor a scheduled visit to Bangladesh by Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi.[8] The day was declared as "the day for hard work and dedication to the greater good".[8] Gandhi used her visit to give Bangabandhu birthday presents, and finance minister Tajuddin Ahmad officially wished him long life.[7] A program was organized, attended by University of Dhaka vice-chancellor Muzaffar Ahmed Chowdhury. The Chhatra League, the Awami League's student wing, distributed greeting cards as a birthday tribute.[9] A number of political organizations celebrated his birthday in 1973.[7]

On Bangabandhu's 55th birthday in 1975, 50,000 people gathered in front of his residence at 6 a.m. with gifts[7] and a 55-pound (25 kg) cake was ordered by the Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BAKSAL).[5][b] He and his family were assassinated on 15 August of that year.[7] According to a Bangla Tribune research analysis, little news about Bangabandhu's birthday celebrations was published from 1976 to 1990.[10] Until 1995, the Awami League and its organisations faced difficulties in celebrating Bangabandhu's birthday.[7] In 1993, educator Nilima Ibrahim proposed observing Bangabandhu's birthday as a children's day at the national convention of the Bangabandhu Shishu-Kishor. The following year, Children's Day was unofficially celebrated on 17 March.[11]

The first Hasina ministry officially observed Bangabandhu's birthday as Children's Day in 1997. In 2001, under the second Khaleda ministry, the holiday was abolished.[12] It was again declared a public holiday as Bangabandhu's birthday and Children's Day in 2009, and was celebrated by the second Hasina ministry in 2010.[13][14] In 2020, the government declared Mujib Year for the centennial of his birth.[15] Three years later, by amending the Flag Rules of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, 1972, flying the Bangladeshi flag on Bangabandhu's birthday became mandatory.[16] In 2024, the Yunus ministry removed it from the list of public holidays.[17]

Observance

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Aerial photo of a large, round, white building surrounded by trees
The Mausoleum of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Bangabandhu's birthday is a public holiday throughout Bangladesh, and programs were organized in 2019 (including in Tungipara, his birthplace). The president and prime minister paid their respects at the Bangabandhu Memorial Museum (his former residence) in Dhaka and at his mausoleum in Tungipara. Free medical services were provided in the country's government-run hospitals, radio and television channels broadcast special programs, the Islamic Foundation Bangladesh organized prayer meetings and Quran recitations, and the Awami League held discussion meetings.[18]

References

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Notes

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  1. ^ His Pakistani passport has a date of birth of 9 September 1921.[1]
  2. ^ In 1975, Bangabandhu's Awami League became part of the short-lived BAKSAL.

Citations

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  1. ^ Rashid, Muktadir (11 January 2023). "Sheikh Mujib's cancelled Pakistani passport gives Sept 9 as birthday". New Age. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  2. ^ Chatterjee, Debjani (16 March 2021). "Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Birth Anniversary: Know About "Bangabandhu Mujib"". NDTV. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  3. ^ a b c Bhattacharjee, Partha Pratim (17 March 2023). "A mighty man's humble birthday". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  4. ^ Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Vol. XII. Taylor & Francis. 3 October 2022. pp. 201–205. ISBN 978-1-000-05253-4. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  5. ^ a b Sheikh, Emran Hossain (17 March 2024). "কেমন কাটতো বঙ্গবন্ধুর জন্মদিন". Bangla Tribune (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  6. ^ "৭১ সালে বঙ্গবন্ধুর জন্মদিন পালিত হয়েছিল যেভাবে". Dhaka Times (in Bengali). 17 March 2019. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Patwari, Mumtazuddun (18 March 2022). "নিজের জন্মদিন বঙ্গবন্ধু যেভাবে অতিবাহিত করেছেন". Shomoyer Alo (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  8. ^ a b Hossain, Jakir (17 March 2024). "স্বাধীন দেশে বঙ্গবন্ধুর প্রথম জন্মদিনে এসেছিলেন ইন্দিরা গান্ধী". Daily Kalbela (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  9. ^ Islam, Udisa (17 March 2019). "স্বাধীন দেশে বঙ্গবন্ধুর প্রথম জন্মদিন যেভাবে কেটেছিল". Bangla Tribune (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  10. ^ Hossain, Ajmal; Abedin, Said-ul (17 March 2020). "'৭৫ পরবর্তী সময়ে বঙ্গবন্ধুর জন্মদিনের খবর প্রকাশেও ছিল বাধা". Bangla Tribune (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  11. ^ Yasmin, Mahfuza (16 March 2023). "বঙ্গবন্ধু নিজ জন্মদিনে শিশু একাডেমি করার পরিকল্পনা করেছিলেন". Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  12. ^ "যতকাল রবে পদ্মা যমুনা গৌরী মেঘনা বহমান ততকাল রবে কীর্তি তোমার শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান: আজ বঙ্গবন্ধুর ৯০তম জন্মদিন". Janakantha (in Bengali). 17 March 2009. p. 2.
  13. ^ "Mar 17 declared public holiday". Bdnews24.com. 23 November 2009. Archived from the original on 12 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  14. ^ "বঙ্গবন্ধুর ৯১তম জন্মদিন ও জাতীয় শিশু দিবস আজ". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 17 March 2010. p. 24.
  15. ^ "March 17 declared public holiday". RisingBD.com. 12 March 2020. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  16. ^ "বঙ্গবন্ধুর জন্মদিনে পতাকা উত্তোলন বাধ্যতামূলক করলো সরকার". Shampratik Deshkal (in Bengali). 30 April 2023. Archived from the original on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  17. ^ "8 nat'l days including March 7 cancelled". The Daily Star. 17 October 2024.
  18. ^ "Nation celebrates Bangabandhu's birthday". Bangla Tribune. 17 March 2019. Archived from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
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