CCGS Arpatuuq

For other ships or projects referred to as polar icebreakers or Polar-class icebreakers, see polar icebreaker (disambiguation).

Conceptual rendering of the future CCGS Arpatuuq
History
Canada
NameArpatuuq[1]
NamesakeAkpatok Island
OwnerGovernment of Canada
OperatorCanadian Coast Guard
BuilderSeaspan Shipyards
CostC$8.5 billion (2024 estimate for two vessels)[2]
Yard number198
Completed2030 (planned)
HomeportSt. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador[3]
General characteristics [4][5]
TypeIcebreaker
Displacement26,036 t (25,625 long tons)[6]
Length158.2 m (519 ft 0 in)
Beam28 m (91 ft 10 in)
Draught10.5 m (34 ft 5 in)
Ice classPolar Class 2 Icebreaker(+)[7]
Installed power
PropulsionDiesel-electric; two ABB Azipod units and one shaft, 34 MW (45,600 hp) (combined)
Speed
  • 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) (maximum)
  • 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) (cruise)
  • 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph) in 2.5 m (8.2 ft) ice and 30 cm (12 in) snow
RangeOver 26,200 nmi (48,500 km; 30,200 mi) in Sea State 3
Endurance
  • 25 days (full power)
  • 270 days (logistical)
Crew
  • 60 (core crew)
  • 40 (program personnel)
Aircraft carried2 × medium-lift helicopters
Aviation facilitiesHelipad and hangar

CCGS Arpatuuq (Inuktitut: [aʁpatuːq]) is a future Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker that will be built under the Polar Icebreaker Project as part of the National Shipbuilding Strategy. The ship was initially expected to join the fleet by 2017 but has been significantly delayed and is now expected by 2030.[8]

The ship was originally to be named CCGS John G. Diefenbaker after John G. Diefenbaker, Canada's 13th prime minister whose government that founded the Canadian Coast Guard in 1962, but the new name was announced on 19 August 2024.[1]

Development and construction

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Background

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Main article: Polar Icebreaker Project

On 28 February 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced a plan to build a new polar icebreaker named after Canada's 13th prime minister John Diefenbaker whose government founded the Canadian Coast Guard in 1962. Later included in the National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy (National Shipbuilding Strategy since 2016), the C$720 million vessel would replace the 1969-built CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent that was due for decommissioning in 2017.[9][10] The construction was awarded to Seaspan Vancouver Shipyards on 19 October 2019, followed by a design contract for a team led by STX Canada Marine in 3 February 2012.[11]

In May 2013, the Vancouver Sun reported that the polar icebreaker and the Royal Canadian Navy's new joint support ships faced a scheduling conflict and that the Harper government would have to choose which project had priority.[12] On 11 October 2013, the NSPS Secretariat announced that the joint support ships would be built first, followed by the polar icebreaker.[13]

After a brief hiatus, the development of the Canadian Coast Guard polar icebreaker picked up again in 2021.[14] Design updates since have included changing the propulsion layout and substituting the extra high tensile steel that was previously identified as a potential major risk item.[15][16]

Construction

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The construction of the future CCGS Arpatuuq is projected to begin in 2024–25 and the vessel is projected to enter service in 2030–31.[17] The vessel is in Construction Engineering (CE) phase and the shipyard also cut steel for the so-called "prototype block" in May 2023.[18]

Design

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General characteristics

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Arpatuuq will have an overall length of 158.2 metres (519 ft) and beam of 28.0 metres (91 ft 10 in).[5] With a draft of 10.5 metres (34 ft 5 in), the icebreaker will have a displacement of 26,036 tonnes (25,625 long tons).[5][6] She is projected to have a core crew of 60 and accommodation for additional 40 project personnel. Her facilities will include laboratories and modular mission spaces, a moon pool, general purpose cargo hold and garage, multiple cranes, and a helideck and hangar for two medium-lift helicopters. In addition, she will be capable of receiving and refueling larger helicopters.[19]

Arpatuuq will be classified by Lloyd's Register of Shipping. Her ice class will be Polar Class 2, the second highest ice class according to the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships. Furthermore, the class notation Icebreaker(+) will result in additional structural strengthening based on analysis of the vessel's operational profile potential ice loading scenarios.[4] Arpatuuq will be one of the first vessels to hold these class notations.[7]

Power and propulsion

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Arpatuuq will be fitted with a fully integrated diesel-electric propulsion system consisting of four 16-cylinder Wärtsilä 16V31 and two 8-cylinder Wärtsilä 8V31 four-stroke medium-speed diesel generating sets with a combined output of about 47 MW (63,000 hp).[20] The power plant, divided into two separate engine rooms, will provide power for all shipboard consumers from propulsion motors to lighting in the accommodation spaces.[4]

Initially, two propulsion alternatives were proposed during the preliminary design: a traditional three-shaft configuration with a centerline rudder and a hybrid propulsion system consisting of two wing shafts and an azimuth thruster in the middle for improved maneuverability. Of these, the Canadian Coast Guard selected the latter with two 11 MW (14,800 hp) shafts and a single 12 MW (16,100 hp) azimuth thruster.[4][21] This has since been swapped around to two ABB Azipod propulsion units flanking a fixed shaft in the middle.[5][22] The combined shaft power, 34 MW (45,600 hp), will be almost the same as that of the Russian nuclear-powered icebreakers Taymyr and Vaygach. This will make Arpatuuq the most powerful diesel-electric icebreaker in the world and the third most powerful non-nuclear icebreaker after the two gas turbine-powered Polar-class icebreakers operated by the United States Coast Guard.[19] The icebreaker will also be fitted with an air bubbling system that provides hull lubrication and reduces ice friction during icebreaking operations.[4]

For maneuvering at ports as well as stationkeeping capability in Sea State 5 and currents of up to 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph) in open water, Arpatuuq will also be fitted with two 1,900 kW (2,548 hp) Steerprop bow thrusters.[4][23]

Performance

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Arpatuuq is designed to break level ice with a thickness of 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) and with a 30-centimetre (12 in) snow cover at over 3 knots. In terms of icebreaking capability, this ranks her just below the largest Russian nuclear-powered icebreakers. Her operational range at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) in Sea State 3 is projected to be over 26,200 nautical miles (48,500 km; 30,200 mi) and she can operate in 2.2-metre (7.2 ft) ice at full power for 25 days. The logistical endurance of the vessel will be 270 days.[19] The new icebreaker will be able to achieve a maximum speed of about 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) in open water, but her normal cruising speed is around 12 knots.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Working with the North, for the North". Government of Canada. Canadian Coast Guard. 19 August 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
  2. ^ Creighton, Mark; Kho, Albert (28 June 2024). "The Polar Icebreaker Project: 2024 Update". Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  3. ^ Mullowney, Tara (4 March 2008). "Feds fall short". Southern Gazette. Archived from the original on 1 January 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2021. ...and $720 million in funding for the Coast Guard will translate into a polar class ice-breaker that will be based in Newfoundland..."This is a bigger boat, so you can add to that."
  4. ^ a b c d e f Newbury, Scott; McGreer, Dan (October 2014). "Vessel report: Polar icebreaker" (PDF). Marine Technology. pp. 68–71. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 August 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d "Aker Arctic provides ice expertise for Canadian Polar Icebreaker". Aker Arctic. 26 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  6. ^ a b "Seaspan Shipyards Unveils Digital Model of Canada's Heavy Polar Icebreaker". Seaspan. 29 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  7. ^ a b "LR to class versatile icebreaker for Canadian Coast Guard". Lloyd's Register. 29 April 2015. Archived from the original on 1 May 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  8. ^ "Arctic icebreaker delayed as Tories prioritize supply ships". CBC News. The Canadian Press. 11 October 2013. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  9. ^ "PM Announces New Polar Class Icebreaker Project to be Named after Former PM John G. Diefenbaker". Government of Canada. 28 February 2008.
  10. ^ "Government of Canada announces National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy". Government of Canada. 3 June 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  11. ^ "Harper Government Announces New Coast Guard Flagship Vessel to Be Designed in Vancouver". Government of Canada. 3 February 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  12. ^ Berthiaume, Lee (7 May 2013). "Feds face tough choice as naval resupply ships, icebreaker on collision course at Vancouver shipyard". Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2021. This scheduling conflict was acknowledged in a recent Defence Department report tabled in Parliament, which noted that "the Joint Support Ship and the Polar Icebreaker are progressing on a very similar schedule such that they both could be ready for construction at the same time."
  13. ^ "National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy Secretariat announces Vancouver Shipyards to build the Joint Support Ships in 2016". Government of Canada. 11 October 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  14. ^ "Design and Engineering for a Canadian Polar Icebreaker". Elomatic. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  15. ^ "Aker Arctic provides ice expertise for Canadian Polar Icebreaker". Aker Arctic. 26 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  16. ^ "Canada could face trouble buying specialized steel for new $7-billion icebreakers". Ottawa Citizen. 24 March 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  17. ^ Creighton, Mark; Kho, Albert (28 June 2024). "The Polar Icebreaker Project: 2024 Update". Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  18. ^ "Polar icebreakers". Government of Canada. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  19. ^ a b c McGreer, Dan (2013). "Design of the CCG Polar Icebreaker" (PDF). STX Canada Marine. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  20. ^ "Fuel efficiency of Wärtsilä 31 engine a key consideration for newbuild Canadian Polar Icebreaker". Wärtsilä. 30 April 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  21. ^ "Canadian Polar icebreaker reaches phase III" (PDF). Arctic Passion News. Aker Arctic Technology Inc. January 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  22. ^ "ABB partners with Seaspan Shipyards on new Canadian Coast Guard polar icebreaker". ABB. 5 March 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  23. ^ "Steerprop to supply arctic bow thrusters for Canada's new Polar Icebreaker". Steerprop. 23 November 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
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