Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Centromere protein A , also known as CENPA , is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CENPA gene .[ 5] histone H3 variant which is the critical factor determining the kinetochore position(s) on each chromosome [ 6] eukaryotes including humans.
CENPA is a protein which epigenetically defines the position of the centromere on each chromosome,[ 7] sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis . This proteins is frequently accompanied by "centrochromatin"-associated changes to canonical histones and is constitutively present in centromeres.[ 8] canonical H3 histones in a subset of nucleosomes within centromeric chromatin .[ 9] [ 10] N-terminal tail that lacks many well characterised histone modification sites including H3K4, H3K9 and H3K27.[ 11]
Unusually for a histone, CENPA nucleosomes are not loaded together with DNA replication and are loaded at different cell cycle stages in different organisms: G1 phase in human,[ 12] M phase in drosophila,[ 13] G2 in S. pombe.[ 14] chaperones : HJURP in human, CAL1 in drosophila and Scm3 in S. pombe .[ 15] repetitive satellite DNA .[ 16] heritable at the protein level through a purely epigenetic mechanism.[ 17] cell division to the two daughter cells independent of the underlying DNA sequence. Under circumstances in which CENPA is lost from a chromosome a fail-safe mechanism has been described in human cells in which CENPB recruits CENPA via a satellite DNA binding domain to repopulate the centromere with CENPA nucleosomes.[ 18]
CENPA interacts directly with the inner kinetochore through proteins including CENPC and CENPN .[ 19] [ 20] microtubules are able to accurately segregate chromosomes during mitosis.
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Basic Types Processes Structures
See also
