Cadmium iodide

Cadmium iodide
Cadmium iodide
Cadmium iodide
Names
IUPAC name
Cadmium(II) iodide
Other names
Cadmium diiodide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.294 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 232-223-6
UNII
  • InChI=1S/Cd.2HI/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2 checkY
    Key: OKIIEJOIXGHUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L checkY
  • InChI=1/Cd.2HI/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
    Key: OKIIEJOIXGHUKX-NUQVWONBAZ
  • [Cd+2].[I-].[I-]
Properties
CdI2
Molar mass 366.22 g/mol
Appearance white to pale yellow crystals
Density 5.640 g/cm3, solid
Melting point 387 °C (729 °F; 660 K)
Boiling point 742 °C (1,368 °F; 1,015 K)
787 g/L (0 °C)
847 g/L (20 °C)
1250 g/L (100 °C)
Solubility soluble in ethanol, acetone, ether and ammonia
-117.2·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Trigonal, hP3, space group P3m1, No. 164
octahedral
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS06: ToxicGHS08: Health hazardGHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H301, H331, H351, H373, H410
P260, P280, P301+P330+P331, P304+P340, P310, P311, P403+P233
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
3
0
0
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
[1910.1027] TWA 0.005 mg/m3 (as Cd)[1]
REL (Recommended)
Ca[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
Ca [9 mg/m3 (as Cd)][1]
Related compounds
Other anions
cadmium fluoride
cadmium chloride
cadmium bromide
Other cations
zinc iodide
mercury(II) iodide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Cadmium iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula CdI2. It is a white hygroscopic solid. It also can be obtained as a mono- and tetrahydrate.[2] It has few applications. It is notable for its crystal structure, which is typical for compounds of the form MX2 with strong polarization effects.

Preparation

[edit]

Cadmium iodide is prepared by the addition of cadmium metal, or its oxide, hydroxide or carbonate to hydroiodic acid. Also, the compound can be made by heating cadmium with iodine.[2]

Applications

[edit]

Historically, cadmium iodide was used as a catalyst for the Henkel process, a high-temperature isomerisation of dipotassium phthalate to yield the terephthalate. The salt was then treated with acetic acid to yield potassium acetate and commercially valuable terephthalic acid.[3]

While uneconomical compared to the production of terephthalic acid from p-xylene, the Henkel method has been proposed as a potential route to produce terephthalic acid from furfural. As existing Bio-PET is still reliant on petroleum as a source of p-xylene, the Henkel process could theoretically offer a completely bioplastic route to polyethylene terephthalate.[4]

Crystal structure

[edit]
The iodide anions in CdI2 form a hexagonal close-packed lattice, while the cadmium cations occupy all of the octahedral holes in alternating layers.

In cadmium iodide the iodide anions form a hexagonal closely packed arrangement while the cadmium cations fill all of the octahedral sites in alternate layers. The resultant structure consists of a layered lattice. This same basic structure is found in many other salts and minerals. Cadmium iodide is mostly ionically bonded but with partial covalent character.[5]

Cadmium iodide's crystal structure is the prototype on which the crystal structures of many other compounds can be considered to be based. Compounds with any of the following characteristics tend to adopt the CdI2 structure:[citation needed]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0087". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ^ a b F. Wagenknecht; R. Juza (1963). "Cadmium iodide". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2. NY, NY: Academic Press. p. 1096.
  3. ^ Solomon, I.; Eisenberg, W. (1976). Utilization of coal conversion process by-products. Quarterly report, December 27, 1975--March 27, 1976 (Report). doi:10.2172/7186862.
  4. ^ Tachibana, Yuya; Kimura, Saori; Kasuya, Ken-Ichi (2015). "Synthesis and Verification of Biobased Terephthalic Acid from Furfural". Scientific Reports. 5: 8249. Bibcode:2015NatSR...5E8249T. doi:10.1038/srep08249. PMC 4316194. PMID 25648201.
  5. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1211–1212. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.