Kerrera

Kerrera
Scottish Gaelic nameCearrara
Pronunciation[ˈkʲʰarˠəɾə] ⓘ
Old Norse nameKjarbarey
Meaning of nameNorse for 'Kjarbar's island' or possibly 'copse island'
Gylen Castle
Gylen Castle
Location
Kerrera is located in Argyll and Bute
Kerrera
Kerrera
Kerrera shown within Argyll and Bute
OS grid referenceNM813281
Coordinates56°23′53″N 05°32′19″W / 56.39806°N 5.53861°W / 56.39806; -5.53861
Physical geography
Island groupMull
Area1,214 ha (4+5⁄8 sq mi)
Area rank44 [1]
Highest elevationCarn Breugach 189 m (620 ft)
Administration
Council areaArgyll and Bute
CountryScotland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Demographics
Population34[2]
Population rank57 [1]
Population density2.8/km2 (7.3/sq mi)[2][3]
Largest settlementBalliemore
Lymphad
References[3][4][5][6]

Kerrera (/ˈkɛrərə/ KERR-ə-rə; Scottish Gaelic: Cearara[7] or Cearrara[4]) is an island in the Scottish Inner Hebrides, close to the town of Oban. In 2016 it had a population of 45, divided into two communities in the north and south of the island.[8]

Geography

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The island is around 7 km (4 mi) long and around 2 km (1+1⁄4 mi) wide, and is separated from the mainland by the Sound of Kerrera, about 500 m (1⁄4 mi) wide. The highest point on Kerrera is Carn Breugach at 189 m (620 ft). The island is linked to the mainland by two ferry services. In the middle of the island, the Caledonian MacBrayne passenger ferry MV Carvoria operates from the Gallanach Road (about 3 km or 2 mi southwest of Oban). From the landing place, tracks lead to the scattered settlements in the centre and south of the island. The south end circular walking loop takes around 3 hours to walk. The northern tip of the island can be accessed by a separate marina ferry service operating from North Pier in the centre of Oban. The service runs to Oban Marina near Ardentrive Farm,[8] which is now linked by a road to the rest of the island.

History

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The island is known for the ruined Gylen Castle, a small tower house built in 1582. It was also the place where Alexander II of Scotland died in 1249. The artist J. M. W. Turner visited Kerrera in 1831 and made 25 sketches of the castle[9] which are in the Tate Gallery, London.[10]

Community

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Most of the island is owned by the McDougalls of Dunollie, who are descended from the Norse-Gael Somerled. The four-acre (1.6 ha) tidal island at the north-east tip of Kerrera, Rubh a' Chruidh, was sold for £426,000 in 2010 to Lanarkshire businessman David Hamilton.[11]

In the 2011 census, Kerrera had a population of 34. However in 2019, residents said that the population had doubled to 68 people, including 18 children. There are no public buildings or facilities on the island (apart from two compost loos provided by the community). In July 2019, the Isle of Kerrera Development Trust community organisation[12] purchased the old primary school building, close to the public ferry slip near the centre of the island; the building had been empty and deteriorating since closing in 1997. The community plans to restore the building into a multi-functional centre.

The main industries on the island are farming (sheep and Highland cattle) and tourism. There was an exotic bird sanctuary, closed as of 2017. There is a tea room/café (Kerrera Tea Garden & Bunkhouse) at the south end near Gylen Castle[10] but as of 2016 no shop and no pub.[8] The castle itself was restored to some extent in 2006 and is open to the public.[13]

In August 2021 work began to connect the small communities in the north and south of the island by road. A forestry track was initially constructed, and in October 2022 a metalled single track road was opened.[14]

Geology

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The oldest bedrock of Kerrera is black slate ascribed to the Easdale Subgroup of the Dalradian Argyll Group. Overlying this across half of the island are conglomeratic sandstones and basalt and augite-andesite lavas of early Devonian age, the former being the local representative of the Old Red Sandstone and the latter constituting part of the Lorne Plateau Lavas. Ripple marks and sun cracks are preserved in shale strata on the south coast, belying the subaerial environment in which deposition of these sediments took place. There are thin limestones within both the Easdale Slate Formation and the younger sandstones. All of these strata are cut by NW-SE aligned igneous dykes forming part of the North Britain Palaeogene Dyke Suite associated with early Palaeogene volcanism. A number of geological faults cut across Kerrera, the majority are aligned NE-SW. Modern beach deposits and raised marine deposits of Holocene age are found around the island particularly on the north coast and along the Sound of Kerrera.[15][16]

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  • Outline map of Kerrera.
    Outline map of Kerrera.
  • Sunset over Kerrera, viewed from Oban.
    Sunset over Kerrera, viewed from Oban.
  • Disused school on Kerrera
    Disused school on Kerrera
View of Kerrera from McCaig's tower in Oban


Landscape of the south of Kerrera showing Gylen Castle

References

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  1. ^ a b Area and population ranks: there are c. 300 islands over 20 ha in extent and 93 permanently inhabited islands were listed in the 2011 census.
  2. ^ a b National Records of Scotland (15 August 2013). "Appendix 2: Population and households on Scotland's Inhabited Islands" (PDF). Statistical Bulletin: 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland Release 1C (Part Two) (PDF) (Report). SG/2013/126. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  3. ^ a b Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh: Canongate. ISBN 978-1-84195-454-7.
  4. ^ a b Mac an Tàilleir, Iain (2003) Ainmean-àite/Placenames. (pdf) Pàrlamaid na h-Alba. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
  5. ^ Ordnance Survey. OS Maps Online (Map). 1:25,000. Leisure.
  6. ^ Anderson, Joseph (ed.) (1873) The Orkneyinga Saga. Translated by Jón A. Hjaltalin & Gilbert Goudie. Edinburgh. Edmonston and Douglas. The Internet Archive. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  7. ^ "Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland database". Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
  8. ^ a b c Humphries, Will (14 December 2016). "Divided island seeks funds for first road". The Times. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  9. ^ Ardill, Thomas (1 December 2012). "Gylen Castle, Kerrera and the Firth of Lorn from the North 1831 by Joseph Mallord William Turner". Tate. J.M.W. Turner: Sketchbooks, Drawings and Watercolours.
  10. ^ a b McLennan, Louisa (19 June 2013). "Scotland to a tea: Kerrera Tea Garden". The Herald. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  11. ^ Moira Kerr (15 February 2010). "Scottish island Rubh'a Chruidh sells for £426,000". The Scotsman. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
  12. ^ "community organisation".
  13. ^ "Castle reopens after restoration". News, UK, Scotland, Glasgow and West. BBC. 12 May 2006. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  14. ^ "Tiny Kerrera gets first tarred road across island". News, UK, Scotland, Glasgow and West. BBC. 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  15. ^ "Onshore Geoindex". British Geological Survey. British Geological Survey. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  16. ^ "Lismore, sheet 44E (Scotland), Solid Edition". BGS large map images. British Geological Survey. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
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Media related to Kerrera at Wikimedia Commons

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