Colletotrichum fragariae

Colletotrichum fragariae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Order: Glomerellales
Family: Glomerellaceae
Genus: Colletotrichum
Species:
C. fragariae
Binomial name
Colletotrichum fragariae
A.N.Brooks, (1931)
Synonyms

Crown Rot

anthracnose of strawberry
Common namesleaf spot of strawberry
Causal agentsColletotrichum fragariae
HostsStrawberries
EPPO CodeCOLLFR

Colletotrichum fragariae is a fungal plant pathogen infecting strawberries. It is not a well known fungus, and there are many similar fungi that are related to it. It is part of the Colletotrichum genus. It is a pathogen that occurs in strawberries. It leads to the disease known as anthracnose. This is typically at the crown of the strawberry, which is why it is often called crown rot.[1][2] It is also known as the Anthracnose Crown rot. The fungus also infects leaves and is known as leaf spot, which is common among all Colletotrichum. This is not as common in the fragariae, as it is more common in the crown. This fungus is also better at infecting younger strawberries/seedlings. The most common way to control this disease is fungicides that are harmful to the environment.[3] There have been studies done to see if the fungus infects other hosts[4] but other than some weeds, it is very specific to Strawberries.

The occurrence of this fungus in strawberries fluctuates, and data can be found here.[5] It is one of the more deadly pathogens to the strawberry, as once it is inside and affects the crown, the strawberry is no longer able to reproduce or be consumed. For some pictures, this website[6] has some to show what the disease does.

Morphology

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The Colletotrichum fragariae is a very small, microscopic pathogen. It can be seen under microscopes. In a study by A.N. Brooks, the pathogen had tapering to the base, was about 24 x 4.5 μm, had 3–5 septate, but up to 9. It did occur in fascicles, sometimes sinuous, brown, apical cell hyaline or light brown. The apical cell tapers to an open, truncate apex, apical cells of mature setae functioning as phialides and producing conidia (Brooks, 1931).[7] It also produces cylindrical conidia. There is no above ground body or fruiting body that this fungi makes.[citation needed]

Ecology

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The Colletotrichum fragariae is found in Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest and Montane Forests. It had been found in both North and South America and even Asia. There are 66 records of this species in 5 countries. 85% of those were found in the US.[7] It has been researched and found that high soil fertility increases the ability for this fungus to grow.[1] There has been many research papers done to see what the fungus prefers and how it does in certain environments.[8]

Reproduction

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The Colletotrichum fragariae is a smaller fungus. It reproduces through asexual spores.[9] This is true among all Colletotrichum genus fungi. There are a couple different growth stages including: Flowering stage, Fruiting stage, Post-harvest, Seedling stage, and Vegetative growing stage[10]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Knowledge Bank | Colletotrichum fragariae". www.plantwise.org. doi:10.1079/pwkb.species.14907. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  2. ^ Smith, Barbara J. (1 February 2008). "Epidemiology and Pathology of Strawberry Anthracnose: A North American Perspective". HortScience. 43 (1): 69–73. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.43.1.69. ISSN 0018-5345. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  3. ^ Li, Xiaojuan; Zhang, Miaoyi; Qi, Dengfeng; Zhou, Dengbo; Qi, Chunlin; Li, Chunyu; Liu, Siwen; Xiang, Dandan; Zhang, Lu; Xie, Jianghui; Wang, Wei (2021). "Biocontrol Ability and Mechanism of a Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Strain Bacillus safensis sp. QN1NO-4 Against Strawberry Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum fragariae". Frontiers in Microbiology. 12: 735732. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.735732. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 8486013. PMID 34603266.
  4. ^ MacKenzie, S. J.; Mertely, J. C.; Seijo, T. E.; Peres, N. A. (October 2008). "Colletotrichum fragariae Is a Pathogen on Hosts Other Than Strawberry". Plant Disease. 92 (10): 1432–1438. doi:10.1094/PDIS-92-10-1432. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 30769574.
  5. ^ "Colletotrichum fragariae A.N.Brooks". www.gbif.org. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  6. ^ "Anthracnose of Strawberries". agrobaseapp.com. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  7. ^ a b "Colletotrichum fragariae". iucn.ekoo.se. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  8. ^ Jones Smith, Barbara (7 May 2022). "Strawberry Response to Collectotrichum Fragariae and Colletotrichum Acutatum (Anthracnose Crown Rot)". LSU Digital Commons: 88. Archived from the original on 6 July 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  9. ^ Baker, Don R.; Umetsu, Noriharu Ken, eds. (28 December 2000). Agrochemical Discovery: Insect, Weed, and Fungal Control. ACS Symposium Series. Vol. 774. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. doi:10.1021/bk-2001-0774.ch006. ISBN 978-0-8412-3724-7. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  10. ^ "Colletotrichum fragariae (anthracnose of strawberry)". www.cabi.org. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
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