EKO Cobra
| Einsatzkommando Cobra (Austrian German) | |
|---|---|
.svg) Patch of EKO Cobra | |
| Active | 1978–present |
| Country | Austria |
| Agency | Federal Ministry of the Interior |
| Type | Police tactical unit |
| Operations jurisdiction | National |
| Headquarters | Wiener Neustadt, Austria |
| Common name | EKO Cobra |
| Structure | |
| Operators | 450 |
EKO Cobra (Austrian German: Einsatzkommando Cobra; "Task Force Cobra") is the tier one police tactical unit of the Austrian Federal Ministry of the Interior. EKO Cobra is not part of the Austrian Federal Police, but instead is directly under the control of the Federal Ministry of the Interior.
The unit's missions primarily involve anti-irregular military, apprehension of armed and dangerous criminals, counterterrorism and hostage rescue crisis management, executive protection, high-risk tactical law enforcement situations, operating in difficult to access terrain, protecting high-level meeting areas, providing security in locations at risk of attack or terrorism, special reconnaissance in difficult to access and dangerous areas, support crowd control and riot control, and tactical special operations.
History
[edit]
The roots of the EKO Cobra lie in the Gendarmerieeinsatzkommando Bad Vöslau that was originally formed by the regional police authority of Lower Austria to protect East European Jews during their migration via Austria to Israel against terrorist threats.[1] As the tactical skills of this unit were welcome in other fields, too, the mission of the Gendarmerieeinsatzkommando became broader in the course of years, and it climbed the hierarchy, from being a regional unit to becoming assigned directly to the Generaldirektion für öffentliche Sicherheit, the leading authority for public security within the Ministry of the Interior.[2]
The name Cobra was coined by the press. It was a reference to the US TV series Mission: Impossible, which was aired in German under the title Kobra, übernehmen Sie. It first appeared in June 1973 in the Kronen Zeitung.[2]
The determining step of founding today's Cobra as a unit of the Ministry of the Interior rather than a regional police unit was done in 1978, primarily as a response to the Munich massacre attack on Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics. Its main office is in Wiener Neustadt, with sub-offices in Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. GSG-9 and Sayeret Matkal trained the first operators of the GEK.[1]
The Federal Ministry of the Interior changed the unit's name from GEK to EKO Cobra in 2002.[1]
The 450 men[citation needed] of EKO Cobra have trained with some[which?] of the most elite special forces units.
Known operations
[edit]EKO Cobra was involved in a hostage rescue in the Graz-Karlau Prison in 1996, and numerous other operations. Although it has never participated in the same type of hostage rescue operations that the HRT, GIGN, GIS, NSG, ERU, GSG 9, and the SAS have had, the EKO Cobra is the only Counter-Terrorism unit to end a hijacking while the aircraft was still in the air. On 17 October 1996, four Cobra officers were on board an Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-154 escorting deported prisoners to Lagos when a Nigerian man threatened the cockpit crew with a knife and demanded a diversion to Germany or South Africa. The team overpowered the man and handed him over to authorities after landing.[3]
In the course of the 2006 Lebanon War EKO Cobra assisted in the evacuation of Austrians and other EU citizens from Lebanon.[4]
135 EKO Cobra operatives together with units of the Austrian Armed Forces were involved in the search for Alois Huber in the Annaberg shooting, who killed three police officers and one Red Cross EMT on 17 September 2013, in Lower Austria.[5]
In 2016, 42 officers supported the German Police in the Munich shooting.[6][7][8]
In 2017, 20 EKO Cobra operatives were directly involved to end the severe riots in the Schanzenviertel area during the G20 Hamburg summit, three operatives were wounded.[9][10][11]
EKO Cobra also is assisting in the manhunt of the remaining suspect who was involved in the 2020 Vienna attack.[12]
Recruitment and training
[edit]
Any member of the Austrian Federal Police may apply to the EKO Cobra. The tests consist of medical examinations, psychological tests, and vigorous physical tests. Upon successful completion of the tests the recruits attend 6 months of specialized training which includes marksmanship, tactical training, sports, driver courses, abseiling/rappelling, hand-to-hand combat, language classes, etc. Besides the courses taught in the basic training, further specialization is possible in fields, such as parachuting, diving, explosives, or sniping.[13]
Since its establishment in 1978, 1,140 officers have served in EKO Cobra.[14]
Organization
[edit]
The unit's headquarters is located in Wiener Neustadt (Lower Austria).[1] It performs all administrative activities and the training for the EKO Cobra officers. Further departments exist in Vienna, Graz, Linz, and Innsbruck with small field offices in Klagenfurt, Salzburg, and Feldkirch.[1]
Each department contains four teams and each field office contains two. This structure allows the units to be deployed anywhere in Austria in under 70 minutes.[15]
On 1 April 2013, EKO Cobra was merged in the newly established Special Operations Directorate - DSE (Direktion für Spezialeinheiten ).[16] This organisation serves as a unified command for the units with special tasks of the Austrian Federal Police.
Further units of the DSE are the police's bomb disposal units, the observation units and special investigative units.[17]
Equipment
[edit]Weapons
[edit]
EKO Cobra is armed mainly with Austrian weaponry, but sometimes foreign-produced arms are used too.
| Name | Origin | Type | Calibre | Quantity | Photo | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assault Rifle & Battle Rifle | ||||||
| Steyr AUG | Austria | Assault Rifle | 5.56×45mm |  | 3 variants: Steyr AUG A1, Steyr AUG A2,[16] Steyr AUG A3 | |
| Pistol | ||||||
| Glock 17 Gen 3 | Austria | Semi-automatic pistol | 9×19mm | .png){kind=spacer} | Is the standard issue sidearm of EKO Cobra, sometimes equipped with a tactical flashlight. | |
| Glock 18 | Austria | Machine pistol | 9×19mm |  | with select-fire capability (semi-automatic, fully automatic) | |
| Glock 19 | Austria | Semi-automatic pistol | 9×19mm | .jpg){kind=spacer} | ||
| Manurhin MR 73 | France | Revolver |  | Former sidearm, now replaced.[16] | ||
| Submachine Gun | ||||||
| UZI | Israel | Submachine Gun | 9x19mm | Replaced by the HK MP5SD3 [1] | ||
| Steyr TMP | Austria | Submachine Gun | 9×19mm |  | ||
| H&K MP5A3 | Germany | Submachine Gun | 9×19mm |  | Primarily used the MP5SD3 variant. [1] Replaced by the B&T APC9.[1] | |
| H&K MP7 | Germany | Submachine Gun | 4.6×30mm |  | Small number used for close protection ops.[16] Replaced by the B&T APC9.[16] | |
| B&T APC9 | Switzerland | Submachine Gun | 9×19mm | The weapon was developed in close coordination with the EKO Cobra unit. [1] | ||
| Sniper rifle | ||||||
| Steyr SSG 69 | Austria | Sniper rifle | 7.62×51mm |  | including sound-suppressed variant | |
| PGM Hécate II | France | Anti-materiel rifle | .50 BMG |  | ||
| Shotgun | ||||||
| Remington 870 | United States | Pump-action shotgun | 12 gauge |  | ||
| Franchi SPAS-12 | Italy | Combat shotgun | 12 gauge |  | ||
| H&K HK512 | Germany | Semi-automatic shotgun | 12 gauge | |||
| Grenade launcher | ||||||
| H&K HK69A1 | Germany | Grenade launcher | 40mm |  | ||
Special equipment
[edit]EKO Cobra use a variety of equipment designed for a variety of situations.
- Protective gear made of kevlar or ceramic
- Balaclavas
- Camouflage suits
- Tonfa batons
- OC sprays
Uniforms
[edit]EKO Cobra officers wear the uniform of the Austrian Federal Police with certain modifications:
- Maroon beret to indicate their elite status
- The unit's insignia is worn instead of the police insignia
- The rank insignia's background is black instead of red as from the regular Federal Police uniforms
During tactical operations the officers wear green or black coveralls along with their tactical gear.
Annual Warrior Competition
[edit]EKO Cobra competed in the 2011 Annual Warrior Competition winning top honors.[18] EKO Cobra defeated a United States Marine Corps 13th MEU and a joint team from U.S. Army Special Forces 5th Group and Jordan SFG 101 among many others.[18]
Ranks
[edit]These are the former ranks of EKO Cobra, before the current standard rank insignia were adopted in 2015.[19][20]
-
Ranks of EKO Cobra
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i Neville 2019, p. 84.
- ^ a b Riegler, Thomas (2013). "Vom "Gendarmeriekommando Bad Vöslau" zur "Cobra": Der Aufbau der Österreichischen Antiterrorkräfte" [From the "Gendarmeriekommando Bad Vöslau" to the "Cobra": The Build-Up of Austria’s Counterterrorism Forces]. Journal for Intelligence, Propaganda and Security Studies (in German). 7 (1): 116–138. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ^ https://www.bmi.gv.at/207/Publikationen/files/Air_Marshals.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "ÖJ-Österreich-Woche 01.08.2006-07.08.2006".
- ^ Loinig, Matthias. "Charred body of Austrian gunman found in bunker of house". Austrian Times. Archived from the original on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
- ^ "Tiroler Cobra-Beamte in München im Einsatz" [Tyrolean Cobra officers in action in Munich]. ORF (in German). 23 July 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ^ "42 Cobra-Beamte in München im Einsatz" [42 Cobra officers in action in Munich]. Die Presse (in German). 23 July 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ^ Wenda, Gregor (2017). "Gemeinsame Terrorbekämpfung" [Joint Counter-Terrorism] (PDF). Sondereinheiten (in German). Federal Ministry of the Interior: 11–16. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ^ Unger, Christian; Emmrich, Julia (9 July 2017). "Österreichische "Cobra" im Einsatz". Berliner Morgenpost (in German). Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ^ "Drei Österreicher verletzt: Deutsche Polizei fürchtet neue Eskalation". Die Presse (in German). Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ^ Hofer, Stefan (11 July 2017). "G-20: Cobra und Wega "an vorderster Front"". Kurier (in German). Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ^ "Terror Attack in Vienna - Perpetrator Was Sympathizer of the Islamic State".
- ^ Spiegel TV Spezial: Einsatzkommando Cobra - Ausbildung einer Elite-Einheit. Fernsehreportage, 2006.
- ^ "30 Jahre "Cobra"" (PDF). Federal Ministry of the Interior (in German). Retrieved 1 August 2012.
- ^ "Österreichische Sondereinheit: Cobra, übernehmen Sie!". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). 26 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Neville 2019, p. 85.
- ^ "Einsatzkommando Cobra / Direktion für Spezialeinheiten".
- ^ a b "3rd Annual Warrior Competition Event, 2011". Warrior Competition. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ^ "Uniform - Unterscheidungszeichen: Organe Des Öffentlichen Sicherheitsdienstes (Gem. § 5 Abs. 2 Zif. 3 UND 4 Spg) - Amtsärztlicher Dienst - Seelsorgedienst" [Uniform - distinguishing signs: Organs of the public security service (according to § 5 paragraph 2 number 3 AND 4 Spg) - official medical service - pastoral service] (PDF) (in German). Bundesministerium für Inneres. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
- ^ "Uniform-Unterscheidungszeichen (für Organe des öffentlichen Sicherheitsdienstes nach § 5 Abs. 1 Z 1 SPG ab 2015)" [Uniform distinctive signs (for bodies of the public security service according to § 5 Abs. 1 Z 1 SPG from 2015)] (PDF) (in German). Bundesministerium für Inneres. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
Bibliography
[edit]- Neville, Leigh (2019). The Elite: The A–Z of Modern Special Operations Forces. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1472824295.
External links
[edit]
- Official website (in German)