Edward J. Schulte
Edward J. Schulte (April 27, 1890 – June 7, 1975) was an architect who designed a number of mid-twentieth-century churches notable for their blending of a modern idiom with traditional function. Inspired by an encounter with Ralph Adams Cram, he devoted himself to building church buildings, designing over 88.[1] He served as president of the Cincinnati chapter of the American Institute of Architects.[2]
Schulte had a sole practice after 1912, then practiced with Robert E. Crowe from 1921–1923, and practiced alone after that to 1967.[3]
Early life and education
[edit]Edward Schulte displayed a talent for drawing early on and was encouraged to pursue it by the nuns in the parochial school he attended as a child. His father, a building contractor, wanted him to take up architecture instead, suggesting him to the firm of Werner and Adkins, who had designed a Carnegie library for Norwood. (Schulte’s father was one of three trustees to build it.) Schulte began working for Werner and Adkins during the day while attending classes at the Art Academy at night, eventually becoming a valued member of the firm with a special skill for watercolor renderings of proposed projects for client presentations. Before long, however, Werner and Adkins began to suffer from financial problems, temporarily loaning Schulte out to another firm before bringing him back upon securing a new partner – H.E. Kennedy – and several new commissions, among them an office building for New Orleans.
Early career
[edit]Kennedy was awarded the commission to design the Sheridan Square Theatre, an elegant new addition to the prominent Harris family of theaters in downtown Pittsburgh, and the project was eventually delegated to Schulte. This commission would require him to spend long nights in the library researching precedents for the relatively new building typology. His inherent proficiency in this genre of building evidently foreshadowed what would become a staple of his approach to church architecture: that it must visually and acoustically magnify the theatric nature of divine liturgy.[4] Among the draftsmen for the project was Robert E. Crowe, who would later become Schulte's partner and most important collaborator. Upon the success of the Harris Theatre project, Kennedy moved his office to Pittsburgh, bringing Schulte along with him. It was during this time that Schulte attended a candlelit lecture by Ralph Adams Cram at the Hall of Architecture in the Carnegie Museum, inspiring him to focus on churches over the remainder of his career.
Schulte is the only architect in history to design five cathedrals. Those completed include:
- Cathedral of St. Joseph the Workman (La Crosse)
- Cathedral of Christ the King (Lexington)
- Cathedral of the Sacred Heart (Salina)
- Cathedral[1] of St. Monica (Cincinnati)
He also designed a cathedral for Lincoln, Nebraska which was fully-planned, approved, but thereafter abandoned by the diocese prior to groundbreaking due to unrelated complications.
His complete overhaul of the Cathedral-Basilica of St. Peter in Chains in Cincinnati (which effectively preserved only its corinthian portico and titanic spire)[5] rightfully elevates his cathedral count to a staggering six. Additionally, he also directed a significant renovation of the nearby Cathedral-Basilica of the Assumption in Covington, though this project did not warrant the scale of demolition and reconstruction required in the aforementioned renovation of St. Peter's across the river.
List of buildings designed or overseen
[edit]This list of Schulte's work was compiled by Donald A. Tenoever:[6]
| ROBERT CROWE & EDWARD SCHULTE (1921–1934)
EDWARD SCHULTE (1934–1967)
1935–1936
1936–1937
1938–1939
1939–1940
1941–1942
1942–1943
1944–1945
1945–1946
| 1947–1948
1949–1950
1951–1952
1953–1955
1956–1958
1959–1961
1962–1964
1965–1967
|
Gallery
[edit]-
Christ the King Chapel
Davenport, Iowa -
Sacred Heart Cathedral
Salina, Kansas -
St. Mary's Cathedral
Covington, Kentucky -
Villa Madonna Academy
Covington, Kentucky -
Cathedral of Christ the King
Lexington, Kentucky -
Bishop's Residence and Chancery, Crookston, Minnesota -
St. Paul Church
Vicksburg, Mississippi -
Immaculate Conception Church
Albuquerque, New Mexico -
Our Lord Christ the King
Cincinnati, Ohio -
St. Monica Church
Cincinnati Ohio -
St. Peter in Chains Cathedral
Cincinnati, Ohio -
St. Anthony of Padua Church
Dayton, Ohio -
Holy Trinity Church
(Formerly Saints Peter and Paul)
Norwood, Ohio -
St. Michael Church
Houston, Texas -
Christ the King Church
University Park, Texas -
Cathedral of Saint Joseph the Workman
La Crosse, Wisconsin -
Saint Thomas, Fort Thomas, KY
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Publications
[edit]- The Cathedral (1956)
- The Lord Was My Client (1972)
Notes
[edit]- 1.^ The current Church of St. Monica (combined with the once nearby parish of St. George) superseded Old St. Peter's as the Catholic Cathedral in Cincinnati for a time terminating in 1957. This arrangement was originally not intended to be a temporary measure, hence it can neither be styled as a pro-cathedral nor a proto-cathedral (the cathedral status has been returned to the very church St. Monica inherited it from).
References
[edit]- ^ Heavenly City, p. 142, Denis R. McNamara, James Morris (Liturgy Training, 2005)
- ^ The Spirit of Mediator Dei, Denis McNamara, Sacred Architecture, Vol. 4 (2000)
- ^ "Biographical Dictionary of Cincinnati Architects". Archived from the original on 2011-10-05. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- ^ McNamera, Denis (6 October 2012). "The Lord Was His Client, the Cathedral His Church" (Lecture). YouTube. La Crosse, WI: Parish of St. Joseph the Workman Cathedral. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
- ^ "Symposium honors legacy of local church architect".
- ^ Tenoever, Donald A. "Edward J. Schulte and American Church Architecture of the Twentieth Century" (PDF). Donald A. Tenoever, Master's Thesis, University of Cincinnati. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
- ^ "Bishop Marty Memorial Chapel". Council of Independent Colleges. Archived from the original on 2012-02-13. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
Other references
[edit]- Edward J. Schulte and American Church Architecture of the Twentieth Century, Donald A. Tenoever, master's thesis, University of Cincinnati, 1974
- McNamera, Denis (lecturer) (October 6, 2012). God was his client, the Cathedral his church (Video). La Crosse, WI: Cathedral of St. Joseph the Workman Parish. Event occurs at 18:34:40 EDT. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
