FIDE World Fischer Random Chess Championship 2019

FIDE World Fischer Random Chess Championship 2019
Wesley So, the winner of the FIDE World Fischer Random Chess Championship 2019.
Venue	Qualifiers & quarterfinals Internet chess server Semifinals & finals Henie Onstad Kunstsenter
Location	Chess.com (qualifiers, quarterfinals) Bærum, Norway (semifinals & finals)
Dates	28 April – 2 November 2019
Winning score	13.5 points of 24
Website	www.frchess.com
Champion
Wesley So
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The FIDE World Fischer Random Chess Championship 2019 (WFRCC) was the first world championship in Fischer random chess officially recognized by the international chess federation FIDE.^[1] Previous unofficial championships had been held, with the most recent winner being Magnus Carlsen in 2018. The competition started on April 28, 2019, with the first qualifying tournaments, which took place online and were open to all interested participants; and continued with further rounds up to the quarter-finals, which were also online. The semi-finals and final were played over the board between October 27 to November 2, 2019, in the Henie Onstad Kunstsenter in Bærum, Norway. The winner of the final was Wesley So, defeating Magnus Carlsen 13.5–2.5, to become the first FIDE world champion in Fischer random chess. Over the course of the competition, various time controls were applied, with longer games being weighted more heavily.^[2]

The championship included several rounds with different time controls, organizational forms and access requirements.

The first qualifying round was open to all interested chess players without a title and was played online via the chess server chess.com. Each of 32 groups played a Swiss-system tournament with 9 rounds and a time control of 10 minutes for the entire game plus an increment of 2 seconds per move. The top 5 players from each group qualified for the second qualifying round, for a total of 160 players.

The second qualifying round was open to the 160 qualifiers from the first qualifying round as well as all FIDE title holders. Each of 12 groups played a Swiss-system tournament with 9 rounds, also with a time control of 10 minutes plus 2 seconds increment. The top 7 players from each group qualified for the third qualifying round, for a total of 84 players.

The 84 qualifiers from the second qualifying round were divided into 6 groups of 14 players each. Each group was supplemented by two invited chess players. Each group of 16 players played a single-elimination tournament. In each round of the tournament, the two players played a "minimatch" consisting of two games with opposite color assignments. In case of a tie, another minimatch with shorter time control was played, and another one with even shorter time control if the tie persisted. If there was still no decisive result after the third minimatch, the pairing was decided by an Armageddon game.

While the first two qualifying rounds brought a number of surprises, the winners of the third qualifying round were all near the top of the FIDE world rankings in standard chess. Nevertheless, some prominent players were knocked out, including Jan-Krzysztof Duda, Sergey Karjakin, Alexander Grischuk and Leinier Domínguez. The following 6 players qualified for the quarterfinals:

Name	Federation	FIDE rating
Ian Nepomniachtchi	Russia	2775
Alireza Firouzja	Iran	2685
Vidit Gujrathi	India	2703
Peter Svidler	Russia	2737
Vladimir Fedoseev	Russia	2681
Wesley So	United States	2763

Two more players were seeded directly into the quarterfinals: The runner-up in the World Chess Championship 2018 in standard chess, Fabiano Caruana, and the runner-up in the unofficial Fischer Random world championship match 2018, Hikaru Nakamura.

The quarterfinals were played online^[3] from October 4 to 6 2019. They can be viewed on Chess.com.^{[4][5][6][7][8][9]}

The first day saw matches between pairs of players. On the second day, the four losers played each other in pairs in a sort of repechage. On the third day, the winners of the first two days played each other in pairs. The three winners qualified for the semifinals: Caruana, Wesley So and Ian Nepomniachtchi.

Each match of the quarterfinals consisted of two "slow" rapid games (45 minutes for 40 moves plus 15 minutes for the rest, without increment), two "fast" rapid games (15 minutes plus 2 seconds increment) and 2 blitz games (3 minutes plus 2 seconds increment). The games were weighted differently: 3 points for each slow rapid game, 2 points for each fast rapid game and 1 point for each blitz game. This way, a player who lost all the slow rapid games of a match could catch up by and only by winning all the remaining (fast rapid & blitz) games to decide the match by Armageddon.

Peter Svidler	5	7	Fabiano Caruana
Wesley So	3	9	Hikaru Nakamura
Vladimir Fedoseev	8	4	Vidit Gujrathi
Alireza Firouzja	6	7	Ian Nepomniachtchi

• On drawn portions: The only match whose slow rapid portion was not drawn was the match between Caruana and Svidler. Nakamura and Fedoseev won the fast rapid portions of their matches.
• On extra games: Both the matches between So and Nakamura and between Fedoseev and Gujrathi were already decided after the fourth game with 3:7 points in favour of, respectively, Nakamura and Fedoseev. Nevertheless, the four players decided to play the remaining two games, even though they were no longer relevant for the qualification for the semifinals.

Vidit Gujrathi	4½	7½	Alireza Firouzja
Wesley So	6½	5½	Peter Svidler

• On drawn portions: Both of the slow rapid portions were drawn. Firouzja won the fast rapid portion of his match.
• On extra games: The match between Gujrathi and Firouzja was also already decided after the fifth game with 6½:4½ points in favour of Firouzja. Nevertheless, the two players decided to play the remaining one game, even though it was no longer relevant for the qualification for the semifinals.

Vladimir Fedoseev	5	7	Wesley So
Hikaru Nakamura	1½	6½	Fabiano Caruana
Ian Nepomniachtchi	6½	3½	Alireza Firouzja

• On drawn portions: None of the slow rapid portions were drawn.
• On extra games: The matches between Caruana and Nakamura and between Nepomniachtchi and Firouzja ended when a player won by reaching 6½ points. The match between So and Fedoseev was also already decided after the third game with 6½:1½ points in favour of So. Nevertheless, the two players decided to play the remaining three games, even though they were no longer relevant for the qualification for the semifinals.^[10]

The semifinals and the finals took place from October 27 to November 2. In the semifinals, the three qualifiers from the quarterfinals were joined by the world champion in standard chess and the unofficial world champion in Chess960, Magnus Carlsen. The schedule was as follows:

Unlike the quarterfinals, none of the matches were tied in the slow rapid portions. But as with the quarterfinals, every match in the semifinals & finals was won by the winner of the slow rapid portion.

Player	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	TB	Total
	Slow rapid				Fast rapid				Blitz				Armageddon
	3 points per game				2 points per game				1 point per game				1 point per game
Magnus Carlsen	0	3	3	1½	1	2	0	2	Not required					12½
Fabiano Caruana	3	0	0	1½	1	0	2	0						7½
Ian Nepomniachtchi	1½	1½	0	0	1	0	1	Not required						5
Wesley So	1½	1½	3	3	1	2	1							13
Starting position[11]	744	744	357	357	67	67	642	642

So won the semifinal match against Nepomniachtchi by reaching a score of 13–5 in the third fast rapid game. Carlsen won the semifinal match against Caruana by reaching a score of 12½-7½ in the last fast rapid game. Thus, So and Carlsen qualified for the final, while Nepomniachtchi and Caruana played for third place.^[12]

The bracket below shows the first-place match between Carlsen and So as well as the third-place match between Nepomniachtchi and Caruana. The matches took place concurrently.

Player	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	TB	Total
	Slow rapid				Fast rapid				Blitz				Armageddon
	3 points per game				2 points per game				1 point per game				1 point per game
Magnus Carlsen	1½	0	0	0	1	0	Not required							2½
Wesley So	1½	3	3	3	1	2								13½
Ian Nepomniachtchi	0	3	3	1½	2	1	2	Not required						12½
Fabiano Caruana	3	0	0	1½	0	1	0							5½
Starting position[11]	294	294	729	729	253	253	381

So won the championship, defeating Carlsen 13½-2½. Leonard Barden observed that the score unadjusted for time controls would be 5-1 and compared this "crushing" defeat to Bobby Fischer's double 6-0 victories in the 1971 Candidates.^[13] Barden also reported that Carlsen was "deeply ashamed".^[13]

Nepomniachtchi beat Caruana 12½-5½ to take third place.^[14] Thus, Nepomniachtchi actually scored higher than Carlsen both in the slow rapid (10.5/24 vs 9/24) and in the fast rapid portions (7/12 vs 6/12) and thus overall (17.5/36 vs 15/36).

• Official web site of the event