Gangabal Lake

Gangabal Lake
Gangabal Lake at the foot of Harmukh
Gangabal Lake Location in Jammu and Kashmir
Location	Ganderbal district, Jammu and Kashmir
Coordinates	34°25′50″N 74°55′30″E / 34.43056°N 74.92500°E / 34.43056; 74.92500
Type	Oligotrophic lake
Primary inflows	Melting glaciers
Primary outflows	Nundkol Lake which drains into the Sind River
Basin countries	India
Max. length	2.7 kilometres (1.7 mi)
Max. width	1 kilometre (0.62 mi)
Surface elevation	3,575 metres (11,729 ft)
Frozen	November to April

The Gangabal Lake, also called Haramukh Ganga, is an alpine high-altitude oligotrophic lake situated at the foot of Mount Haramukh in the Ganderbal district of Jammu and Kashmir, India.^[1][2] The lake has a maximum length of 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) and maximum width of 1 kilometre (0.62 mi). It is fed by precipitation, glaciers and springs and is home to many species of fish, including the brown trout.^[3][4] Water from the lake outflows into the nearby Nundkol Lake^[5] and then into the Sind River via Wangath Nallah.^[6][7][8] This lake is considered sacred in Hinduism as one of the abodes of Shiva, and Kashmiri Hindus perform an annual pilgrimage to the lake called Harmukh-Gangabal Yatra.

Gangabal has been mentioned in Hindu texts like the Nilamata Purana as well as Rajatarangini. Authors like Walter Roper Lawrence and Francis Younghusband also mentioned Gangabal lake and its association with Hindu rites. In 1519 around 10,000 Kashmiri Brahmans died possibly due to landslides and early snowstorms near Mahlish Meadow during their pilgrimage to Gangabal as they had gone to immerse the ashes of Kashmiri Hindus who were killed by Mir Shams-ud-Din Araqi on the day of Ashura.^[9]

Gangabal Lake is sacred for Hindus. In the past Kashmiri Hindus would immerse the ashes of the dead after cremation in the lake.^[10] The Harmukh-Gangabal Yatra, an annual pilgrimage starting from Naranag, was revived in 2009.^[11][12]

Gangbal Lake is approached from Srinagar 45 kilometers by road via Ganderbal up to Naranag and then a trek of 15 kilometers upslope leads to the lake, which can be covered by a horse ride or by foot. The gujjar shepherds can be seen during the trek with their flocks of sheep and goats. Another trek (25 kilometers long) leads to the lake site from Sonamarg via the Vishansar Lake crossing three mountain passes Nichnai pass, Gadsar pass and Zajibal pass of an average elevation of 4100 meters.^[13] It can also be accessed through a trek from Bandipore via Arin.^[14] The trek to the lake Gangabal takes place in an alpine environment, (cut crossing) with meadows, (cut from) and huts of Gujjars with their herds crossing through two passes over 4,000 m to get to the lake Gangabal.