Hibberts (1784 ship)

Model of Hibberts – West India Quay Import Dock
History
United Kingdom
Name	Hibberts
Namesake	George Hibbert
Launched	1784, Thames
Captured	Early 1811
General characteristics
Tons burthen	350, or 405[1] (bm)
Complement	30[1]
Armament	1795: 6 × 4-pounder guns 1798: 4 × 6-pounder + 2 × 4-pounder guns 1800: 20 × 6&9&18-pounder cannons[1] 1801: 8 × 9-pounder + 10 × 6-pounder guns + 2 × 18-pounder carronades 1807: 4 × 6-pounder guns + 6 × 1-pounder guns "of the New Construction"

Hibberts (or Hibbert), was launched in 1784 on the Thames as a West Indiaman. The first two times that French forces captured her the Royal Navy recaptured her. The second of these incidents, in 1804, gave rise to three court cases – an appeal to the Vice admiralty court at Halifax, Nova Scotia, a maritime insurance case that reached the United States Supreme Court, and one case in London dealing with the labor contracts covering seamen. Between these two captures and recaptures, in 1802–1803, Hibberts served briefly as an armed merchant ship under the command of a Royal Navy officer. The French captured her for the third and final time in 1811. Hibberts was the model for the sculpture that adorned the western gate of the West India Docks, giving it the name "Hibbert Gate".

Hibberts first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1784, with Jn. Boyd, master, Hibberts & Co., owners, and trade London–Jamaica.^[2]

In September 1795 a French squadron captured Hibberts, Chisholm, master, as she was sailing from Jamaica to London, but HMS Santa Margarita recaptured her.^[3] As Hibberts was returning to England, she ran aground at Scattery Island, Limerick 52°36′N 9°36′W / 52.600°N 9.600°W / 52.600; -9.600;^[4] she was gotten off and returned to London.

On 12 July 1800, Captain John Frederick Butcher acquired a letter of marque.^[1]

Two sources suggest that Hibberts might have engaged in whaling in 1802, but have no further supporting evidence. At the time she was valued at £7,500.^[5][6]

Instead, in 1802, Hibberts served as an armed ship for the Royal Navy, with a naval officer in command. She and several other transports arrived at Plymouth to take on board the 29th Regiment of Foot.^[7] On 26 July, the "Hibberts armed ship", under the command of Lieutenant Donovan, left Plymouth Sound for Halifax, Nova Scotia.^[8][a]

In 1804, the French privateer Restant captured Hibberts as she was returning from Honduras with a cargo of mahogany and took her into Havana.^[10][b] In Havana a local court condemned her in prize. A merchant took possession and sailed her for New York. He insured her cargo with a United States insurance company.

As Hibberts was sailing from Havana to New York, HMS Leander recaptured her.^[12] This incident gave rise to a case in the Vice admiralty court in Halifax, which restored her to her British owners.^[13] A summary of the case stated:

A court of prize in a neutral country has not authority to deliver a vessel upon bail to persons not the representatives of the owners, and the rights of owners upon recapture is not extinguished by it.^[14]

The recapture also gave rise to a case that reached the U.S. Supreme Court, involving insurance on the vessel and cargo, in which the plaintiffs won against the insurance company. The court ruled that because the vessel could be considered a total loss, the policy holder was entitle to collect under the policy.^[15]

Lastly, when Hibberts reached London after having been recaptured, there was a case in which it was found that her crew had left her without having been discharged. Hurry and Co. had hired a crew in Halifax to bring her back to London. When she arrived above the West Indies Docks, the crew left her, but without acquiring certificates of discharge. Unfortunately for them a customs officer ordered her to be moved to the West Indian Docks because some of her cargo was from the West Indies. The owners had to have her moved. The court ruled that the crew had not deserted her (in which they would have been mulcted of all pay), but that the crew would be mulcted of one month's pay in favour of the Greenwich Hospital. The case was cited in another case.^[16]

A French privateer succeeded in 1811 in capturing Hibberts a third and last time, and took her into Dunkirk.^[17]

George Hibbert was one of the directors of the West India Docks, completed in 1802. Hibberts was the model for the sculpture that adorned the western gate, leading to it being known as the "Hibbert Gate". The gate was torn down in 1932. A replica of the original gate has since been erected on the Canary Wharf site in 2000^[18] as a memorial for the docks.^[19]

The Hibberts is the ship commemorated on the civic seal of the London Borough of Poplar

^[20]

• Clayton, J.M. (2014). Ships employed in the South Sea Whale Fishery from Britain: 1775-1815: An alphabetical list of ships. Jane M. Clayton. ISBN 978-1-908616-52-4.
• Demerliac, Alain (2003). La marine du Consulat et du Premier Empire: nomenclature des navires français de 1800 à 1815 (in French). Éd. Ancre. ISBN 2-903179-30-1. OCLC 162449062.
• Edwards, Thomas, ed. (1810). Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the High Court of Admiralty: Commencing with the Judgments of the Right Hon. Sir William Scott, Easter Term 1808. J.Butterworth.
• Partington, Anthony (2009). "A memorial to Hibberts". The Mariner's Mirror. 94 (4): 441–458. doi:10.1080/00253359.2009.10657116. S2CID 163678863.
• Stewart, James (1814). Reports of Cases, Argued and Determined in the Court of Vice-admiralty: At Halifax, in Nova-Scotia, from the Commencement of the War, in 1803, to the End of the Year 1813, in the Time of Alexander Croke. J.Butterworth.
• Woodman, Richard (1998). The Victory of Seapower: Winning the Napoleonic War 1806–1814. Chatham. ISBN 1861760388.

• Media related to Hibberts (ship, 1784) at Wikimedia Commons