Hydrocotyle vulgaris
| Hydrocotyle vulgaris | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Araliaceae |
| Genus: | Hydrocotyle |
| Species: | H. vulgaris |
| Binomial name | |
| Hydrocotyle vulgaris | |
Hydrocotyle vulgaris, the marsh pennywort, common pennywort, water naval, money plant, lucky plant, dollarweed or copper coin,[2] is a small creeping aquatic perennial plant native to North Africa, Europe, the Caucasus and parts of the Levant.[3]
Description
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The plant has an umbrella-like leaf and lives commonly in wet places such as wetlands, marshes and swamps, sometimes even in deeper water. It grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and only reaches stature heights of 5 to 20 centimeters. With a slight smell of carrot, it is edible.[citation needed]
This marsh plant forms numerous, up to 1 meter long, creeping offshoots. The serrated, rounded, shield-shaped leaves can have a diameter of up to 4 centimeters, but are often smaller. The approach of the long, hairy petioles is located in the middle of the leaf underside. The leaves are fresh green, shiny waxy and shows a clear, radially extending vein.[citation needed]
The tiny, inconspicuous, hermaphrodite flowers are in low-flowered doldigen? inflorescences or whorls, with the stems of the inflorescence about half as long as those of the leaves. The petals are greenish, white or reddish. The flowering period is from July to August. The fruits are flat, warty and winged.[4]
Cultivation
[edit]A low maintenance plant, it prefers to grow in reliably moist humus under a full sun or in part shade, indoors or outdoors, though it can tolerate full shade as well. It may also be grown as an aquatic plant in mud at the side of a pond or water garden in up to 2 inches of stagnant water. Despite its habitat in water, over-watering may still cause root rot.[5]
Population
[edit]The plant is distributed and plentiful throughout much of its range in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia. Nonetheless, it is classed as critically endangered in Croatia, vulnerable in Switzerland and near threatened in Norway. Furthermore, the plant is protected under regional legislation in France.[1]
Ecology
[edit]In Britain it is the only native Hydrocotyle, growing in wet places such as fens, swamps, bogs and marshes. For example, it is a component of purple moor grass and rush pastures – a type of Biodiversity Action Plan habitat. The flowers rarely bloom; mostly self-pollination takes place. Vegetative propagation occurs through foothills. In wild plant gardens, the marsh pennywort is used for the planting of garden ponds, and also as aquarium plant.[6]
Gallery
[edit]-
UFO-shaped leaf -
Flower -
Inflorescence -
Botanical illustration by German botanist Otto Wilhelm Thomé
See also
[edit]- Umbilicus rupestris, a similar looking succulent
- Pilea peperomioides, a similar looking rosales
References
[edit]- ^ a b Lansdown, R.V. (2014). "Hydrocotyle vulgaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T164201A42415437. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T164201A42415437.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ "Dollarweed".
- ^ Siegmund Seybold (ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
- ^ Christel Kasselmann: Aquarienpflanzen. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1995; 2., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage 1999, ISBN 3-8001-7454-5, S. 306.
- ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and extended edition. Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian Provincial Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
External links
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- Wildflower.org.uk website giving photographic description of the plant