List of maize diseases

Bacterial diseases

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Bacterial diseases
Bacterial leaf blight and stalk rot

Pseudomonas avenae subsp. avenae

Bacterial leaf spot

Xanthomonas campestris pv. holcicola

Bacterial stalk rot Enterobacter dissolvens = Erwinia dissolvens
Bacterial stalk and top rot

Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora
Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae

Bacterial stripe

Pseudomonas andropogonis

Chocolate spot

Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens

Goss's bacterial wilt and blight (leaf freckles and wilt)[1]

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis[2] = Corynebacterium michiganense pv. nebraskense

Holcus spot

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall

Purple leaf sheath

Hemiparasitic bacteria

Seed rot-seedling blight

Bacillus subtilis

Stewart's disease (bacterial wilt)

Erwinia stewartii

Corn stunt (achapparramiento, maize stunt, Mesa Central or Rio Grande maize stunt)

Spiroplasma kunkelii

Fungal diseases

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Fungal diseases
Anthracnose leaf blight

Anthracnose stalk rot
Anthracnose top dieback[3][4]

Colletotrichum graminicola

Glomerella graminicola [teleomorph]
Glomerella tucumanensis
Glomerella falcatum [anamorph]

Aspergillus ear and kernel rot Aspergillus flavus
Banded leaf and sheath spot Rhizoctonia solani = Rhizoctonia microsclerotia

Thanatephorus cucumeris [teleomorph]

Black bundle disease Acremonium strictum = Cephalosporium acremonium
Black kernel rot Lasiodiplodia theobromae = Botryodiplodia theobromae
Borde blanco Marasmiellus sp.
Brown spot

Black spot
Stalk rot

Physoderma maydis
Cephalosporium kernel rot Acremonium strictum = Cephalosporium acremonium
Charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina
Corticium ear rot Thanatephorus cucumeris = Corticium sasakii
Curvularia leaf spot Curvularia clavata

Curvularia eragrostidis = Curvularia maculans
Cochliobolus eragrostidis [teleomorph]
Curvularia inaequalis
Curvularia intermedia
Cochliobolus intermedius [teleomorph]
Curvularia lunata
Cochliobolus lunatus [teleomorph]
Curvularia pallescens
Cochliobolus pallescens [teleomorph]
Curvularia senegalensis
Curvularia tuberculata
Cochliobolus tuberculatus [teleomorph]

Didymella leaf spot Didymella exitalis
Diplodia ear rot and stalk rot Diplodia frumenti

Botryosphaeria festucae [teleomorph]

Diplodia ear rot

Stalk rot
Seed rot
Seedling blight

Diplodia maydis
Diplodia leaf spot or leaf streak Stenocarpella macrospora = Diplodia macrospora
Downy mildews
Brown stripe downy mildew Sclerophthora rayssiae
Crazy top downy mildew Sclerophthora macrospora = Sclerospora macrospora
Green ear downy mildew

Graminicola downy mildew

Sclerospora graminicola
Java downy mildew Peronosclerospora maydis = Sclerospora maydis
Philippine downy mildew Peronosclerospora philippinensis = Sclerospora philippinensis
Sorghum downy mildew Peronosclerospora sorghi = Sclerospora sorghi
Spontaneum downy mildew Peronosclerospora spontanea = Sclerospora spontanea
Sugarcane downy mildew Peronosclerospora sacchari = Sclerospora sacchari
...
Dry ear rot

Cob, kernel and stalk rot

Nigrospora oryzae

Khuskia oryzae [teleomorph]

Ear rots, minor Alternaria alternata = Alternaria tenuis

Aspergillus glaucus
Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus spp.
Botrytis cinerea
Botryotinia fuckeliana [teleomorph]
Cunninghamella sp.
Curvularia pallescens
Doratomyces stemonitis = Cephalotrichum stemonitis
Fusarium culmorum
Gonatobotrys simplex
Pithomyces maydicus
Rhizopus microsporus
Rhizopus stolonifer = Rhizopus nigricans
Scopulariopsis brumptii

Ergot

Horse's tooth

Claviceps gigantea

Sphacelia sp. [anamorph]

Eyespot Aureobasidium zeae = Kabatiella zeae
Fusarium ear and stalk rot Fusarium subglutinans = Fusarium moniliforme
Fusarium kernel, root and stalk rot, seed rot and seedling blight Fusarium moniliforme

Gibberella fujikuroi [teleomorph]

Fusarium stalk rot

Seedling root rot

Fusarium avenaceum

Gibberella avenacea [teleomorph]

Gibberella ear and stalk rot Gibberella zeae

Fusarium graminearum [anamorph]

Gray ear rot Botryosphaeria zeae = Physalospora zeae

Macrophoma zeae [anamorph]

Corn grey leaf spot

Gray leaf spot
Cercospora leaf spot

Cercospora sorghi = Cercospora sorghi[clarification needed]

Cercospora zeae-maydis[5][6][7]
Cercospora zeina[6][7]

Helminthosporium root rot Exserohilum pedicellatum = Helminthosporium pedicellatum

Setosphaeria pedicellata [teleomorph]

Hormodendrum ear rot

Cladosporium ear rot

Cladosporium cladosporioides = Hormodendrum cladosporioides

Cladosporium herbarum
Mycosphaerella tassiana [teleomorph]

Hyalothyridium leaf spot Hyalothyridium maydis
Late wilt Cephalosporium maydis
Leaf spots, minor Alternaria alternata

Ascochyta maydis
Ascochyta tritici
Ascochyta zeicola
Bipolaris victoriae = Helminthosporium victoriae
Cochliobolus victoriae [teleomorph]
Cochliobolus sativus
Bipolaris sorokiniana [anamorph] = Helminthosporium sorokinianum = H. sativum
Epicoccum nigrum
Exserohilum prolatum = Drechslera prolata
Setosphaeria prolata [teleomorph]
Graphium penicillioides
Leptosphaeria maydis
Leptothyrium zeae
Ophiosphaerella herpotricha
Scolecosporiella sp. [anamorph]
Paraphaeosphaeria michotii
Phoma sp.
Septoria zeae
Septoria zeicola
Septoria zeina

Northern corn leaf blight

White blast
Crown stalk rot
Stripe

Setosphaeria turcica

Exserohilum turcicum [anamorph] = Helminthosporium turcicum

Northern corn leaf spot

Helminthosporium ear rot (race 1)

Cochliobolus carbonum

Bipolaris zeicola [anamorph] = Helminthosporium carbonum

Penicillium ear rot

Blue eye
Blue mold

Penicillium spp.

Penicillium chrysogenum
Penicillium expansum
Penicillium oxalicum

Phaeocytostroma stalk rot and root rot Phaeocytostroma ambiguum = Phaeocytosporella zeae
Phaeosphaeria leaf spot Phaeosphaeria maydis = Sphaerulina maydis
Physalospora ear rot

Botryosphaeria ear rot

Botryosphaeria festucae = Physalospora zeicola

Diplodia frumenti [anamorph]

Purple leaf sheath Hemiparasitic bacteria and fungi
Pyrenochaeta stalk rot and root rot Phoma terrestris = Pyrenochaeta terrestris
Pythium root rot Pythium spp.

Pythium arrhenomanes
Pythium graminicola

Pythium stalk rot Pythium aphanidermatum = Pythium butleri
Red kernel disease

Ear mold, leaf and seed rot

Epicoccum nigrum
Rhizoctonia ear rot

Sclerotial rot

Waitea zeae
Rhizoctonia root rot and stalk rot Rhizoctonia solani

Waitea zeae

Root rots, minor Alternaria alternata

Cercospora sorghi
Dictochaeta fertilis
Fusarium acuminatum Gibberella acuminata [teleomorph]
Fusarium equiseti
Gibberella intricans [teleomorph]
Fusarium oxysporum
Fusarium pallidoroseum
Fusarium poae
Fusarium roseum
Gibberella cyanogena
Fusarium sulphureum [anamorph]
Microdochium bolleyi
Mucor sp.
Periconia circinata
Phytophthora cactorum
Phytophthora drechsleri
Phytophthora nicotianae
Rhizopus arrhizus

Rostratum leaf spot

Helminthosporium leaf disease, ear and stalk rot

Setosphaeria rostrata = Helminthosporium rostratum
Rust, common corn Puccinia sorghi
Rust, southern corn Puccinia polysora
Rust, tropical corn Physopella pallescens

Physopella zeae = Angiopsora zeae

Sclerotium ear rot

Southern blight

Athelia rolfsii
Seed rot-seedling blight Athelia rolfsii

Bipolaris sorokiniana
Bipolaris zeicola = Helminthosporium carbonum
Diplodia maydis
Exserohilum pedicillatum
Exserohilum turcicum = Helminthosporium turcicum
Fusarium avenaceum
Fusarium culmorum
Fusarium moniliforme
Gibberella zeae
Fusarium graminearum [anamorph]
Macrophomina phaseolina
Penicillium spp.
Phomopsis spp.
Pythium spp.
Rhizoctonia solani
Spicaria spp. Waitea zeae

Selenophoma leaf spot Selenophoma sp.
Sheath rot Gaeumannomyces graminis
Shuck rot Myrothecium gramineum
Silage mold Monascus purpureus

Monascus ruber

Smut, common Ustilago zeae = Ustilago maydis
Smut, false Ustilaginoidea virens
Smut, head Sphacelotheca reiliana = Sporisorium holci-sorghi
Southern corn leaf blight and stalk rot Cochliobolus heterostrophus

Bipolaris maydis [anamorph] = Helminthosporium maydis

Southern leaf spot Stenocarpella macrospora = Diplodia macrospora
Stalk rots, minor Cercospora sorghi

Fusarium episphaeria
Fusarium merismoides
Fusarium oxysporum
Fusarium poae
Fusarium roseum
Fusarium solani
Nectria haematococca [teleomorph]
Fusarium tricinctum
Mariannaea elegans
Mucor spp.
Rhopographus zeae
Spicaria spp.

Storage rots Aspergillus spp.

Penicillium spp. and other fungi

Tar spot Phyllachora maydis
Monographella maydis
Coniothyrium phyllachorae[8][9]
Trichoderma ear rot and root rot Trichoderma viride = Trichoderma lignorum

Hypocrea sp. [teleomorph]

White ear rot, root and stalk rot Stenocarpella maydis = Diplodia zeae
Yellow leaf blight Ascochyta ischaemi

Phyllosticta maydis
Mycosphaerella zeae-maydis [teleomorph]

Zonate leaf spot Gloeocercospora sorghi

Nematodes, Parasitic

[edit]
Nematodes, Parasitic
Awl Dolichodorus spp.

D. heterocephalus

Bulb and stem Ditylenchus dipsaci
Burrowing Radopholus similis
Cyst Heterodera avenae

H. zeae
Punctodera chalcoensis

Dagger Xiphinema spp.

X. americanum X. mediterraneum

False root-knot Nacobbus dorsalis
Lance, Columbia Hoplolaimus columbus
Lance Hoplolaimus spp.

H. galeatus

Lesion Pratylenchus spp.

P. brachyurus
P. crenatus
P. hexincisus
P. neglectus
P. penetrans
P. scribneri
P. thornei
P. zeae

Needle Longidorus spp.

L. breviannulatus

Ring Criconemella spp.

C. ornata

Root-knot Meloidogyne spp.

M. chitwoodi
M. incognita
M. javanica

Spiral Helicotylenchus spp.
Sting Belonolaimus spp.

B. longicaudatus

Stubby-root Paratrichodorus spp.

P. christiei
P. minor
Quinisulcius acutus
Trichodorus spp.

Stunt Tylenchorhynchus dubius

Virus and virus-like diseases

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Virus and virus-like diseases
American wheat striate (wheat striate mosaic) American wheat striate mosaic virus mosaic (AWSMV)
Barley stripe mosaic Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)
Barley yellow dwarf Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)
Brome mosaic Brome mosaic virus (BMV)
Cereal chlorotic mottle Cereal chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV)
Corn lethal necrosis (maize lethal necrosis disease) Virus complex (Maize chlorotic mottle virus [MCMV] and Maize dwarf mosaic virus [MDMV] A or B or Wheat streak mosaic virus [WSMV])
Cucumber mosaic Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
Johnsongrass mosaic Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV)
Maize bushy stunt Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO), assoc.
Maize chlorotic dwarf Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV)
Maize chlorotic mottle Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV)
Maize dwarf mosaic Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) strains A, D, E and F
Maize leaf fleck Maize leaf fleck virus (MLFV)
Maize line* Maize line virus (MLV)
Maize mosaic (corn leaf stripe, enanismo rayado) Maize mosaic virus (MMV)
Maize pellucid ringspot Maize pellucid ringspot virus (MPRV)
Maize rayado fino (fine striping disease) Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV)
Maize red leaf and red stripe Mollicute?
Maize red stripe (now known as Wheat mosaic virus Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV)
Maize ring mottle Maize ring mottle virus (MRMV)
Maize rough dwarf (nanismo ruvido) Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV)
Maize sterile stunt Maize sterile stunt virus (strains of barley yellow striate virus)
Maize streak Maize streak virus (MSV)
Maize stripe (maize chlorotic stripe, maize hoja blanca) Maize stripe virus
Maize tassel abortion Maize tassel abortion virus (MTAV)
Maize vein enation Maize vein enation virus (MVEV)
Maize wallaby ear Maize wallaby ear virus (MWEV)
Maize white leaf Maize white leaf virus
Maize white line mosaic Maize white line mosaic virus (MWLMV)
Millet red leaf Millet red leaf virus (MRLV)
Northern cereal mosaic Northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV)
Oat pseudorosette (zakuklivanie) Oat pseudorosette virus
Oat sterile dwarf Oat sterile dwarf virus (OSDV)
Rice black-streaked dwarf Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV)
Rice stripe Rice stripe virus (RSV)
Sorghum mosaic Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), formerly sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) strains H, I and M
Southern rice black-streaked dwarf Southern rice black-streaked dwarf (SRBSDV)
Sugarcane Fiji disease Sugarcane Fiji disease virus (FDV)
Sugarcane mosaic Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) strains A, B, D, E, SC, BC, Sabi and MB (formerly MDMV-B)
Wheat mosaic Wheat mosaic virus (disambiguation) (WMoV)

References

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  1. ^ "Goss's Wilt of Corn". Crop Protection Network. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
  2. ^ Eichenlaub, Rudolf; Gartemann, Karl-Heinz (2011-09-08). "The Clavibacter michiganensis Subspecies: Molecular Investigation of Gram-Positive Bacterial Plant Pathogens". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 49 (1). Annual Reviews: 445–464. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-072910-095258. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 21438679. S2CID 207707582.
  3. ^ "Top dieback in corn: Is anthracnose the cause?". Integrated Crop Management Iowa State University Extension. 2007-09-10. Retrieved 2022-04-23.
  4. ^ "Stalk Rot Diseases Including Anthracnose Top Dieback Developing in Some Fields". CropWatch University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 2016-09-09. Retrieved 2022-04-23.
  5. ^ Crous, Pedro W.; Groenewald, Johannes Z.; Groenewald, Marizeth; Caldwell, Pat; Braun, Uwe; Harrington, Thomas C. (1 May 2006). "Species of Cercospora associated with grey leaf spot of maize". Studies in Mycology. 55. Westerdijk Institute (Elsevier): 189–197. doi:10.3114/sim.55.1.189. PMC 2104713. PMID 18490979. S2CID 31494639.
  6. ^ a b Cairns, J.E.; Sonder, K.; Zaidi, P.H.; Verhulst, N.; Mahuku, G.; Babu, R.; Nair, S.K.; Das, B.; Govaerts, B.; Vinayan, M.T.; Rashid, Z.; Noor, J.J.; Devi, P.; San Vicente, F.; Prasanna, B.M. (2012). "1 Maize Production in a Changing Climate: Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation Strategies". Advances in Agronomy (PDF). Vol. 114. Elsevier. pp. 1–58. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394275-3.00006-7. ISBN 9780123942753. ISSN 0065-2113.
  7. ^ a b Tripathi, Ashutosh; Tripathi, Durgesh Kumar; Chauhan, D.K.; Kumar, Niraj; Singh, G.S. (2016). "Paradigms of climate change impacts on some major food sources of the world: A review on current knowledge and future prospects". Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 216. Elsevier: 356–373. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2015.09.034. ISSN 0167-8809.
  8. ^ Hock, J; Kranz, J (1995). "Studies on the epidemiology of the tar spot disease complex of maize in Mexico". Plant Pathology. 44 (3). British Society for Plant Pathology: 490–502. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb01671.x.
  9. ^ Chalkley, D. "Invasive fungi. Tar spot of corn - Phyllachora maydis". Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved 19 July 2016.