List of wars involving Korea

This is a list of wars involving Korea and its predecessor states.

Gojoseon: ? - 108BC

[edit]
Conflict Gojoseon Opponents Results Monarch of Gojoseon
Gojoseon-Yan War
(c.300 BC)
Gojoseon Yan Defeat Unknown
Wiman's political change
(c.194 BC)
Gojoseon Wiman Defeat
  • Jun defeats and Wiman becomes the monarch of Gojoseon.
Jun
Gojoseon-Han War
(109-108 BC)
Gojoseon Han dynasty Defeat King Ugeo

Goguryeo: 37 BC – 668 AD

[edit]
Conflict Goguryeo and its allies Opponents Results Monarch of Goguryeo Notable battles
Goguryeo–Wei War
(244-245)
Goguryeo Cao Wei Defeat
  • Goguryeo temporarily loses its capital and is nearly destroyed.
King Dongcheon
Goguryeo–Wa War
(391-404)
Goguryeo
Silla
Baekje
Wa
Gaya
Victory
  • The power of Geumgwan Gaya is broken and Wa is expelled from Korean affairs. Silla becomes a protectorate of Goguryeo.
Gwanggaeto the Great
Goguryeo–Sui War
(598, 612–614)
Goguryeo Sui dynasty Victory King Yeongyang
Goguryeo–Tang War
(645–668 CE)
Goguryeo
Baekje
Yamato
Mohe
Tang dynasty
Silla
Defeat King Bojang

Baekje: 18 BC – 660 AD

[edit]
Conflict Baekje and its allies Opponents Results Monarch of Baekje
Baekje–Tang War
(660-663)
Tang dynasty
Silla
Baekje
Yamato
Defeat King Uija

Silla: 57 BC – 935 AD

[edit]
Conflict Silla and its allies Opponents Results Monarch of Silla
Silla–Gaya War
(88–562)
Silla Gaya
Baekje
Victory
  • Gaya was absorbed into Silla and Baekje.
Various
Silla–Tang War
(668–676)
Silla
Goguryeo (vassal of Silla)
Baekje (vassal of Silla)
Tang dynasty Victory
  • Silla recaptured the territory south of Taedong River, while Tang held control over former Gorguryeo territory north of Taedong River.
King Munmu

Goryeo: 918–1392

[edit]
Conflict Goryeo and its allies Opponents Results Monarch of Goryeo Notable battles
Goryeo–Khitan War
(993, 1010, 1018–1019)
 Goryeo Liao dynasty Victory
  • The Khitan Liao dynasty cedes territory around the Yalu River basin to Goryeo
  • Goryeo pays tribute to the Liao dynasty to establish diplomatic relations
  • Peace ensues between Goryeo and Liao, and Liao never attacks Goryeo again
King Hyeonjong
Korean–Jurchen border conflicts
(10th century – 14th century)
 Goryeo Jin dynasty
Jurchens
Stalemate Various
Mongol invasions of Korea
(1231, 1232, 1235–1239, 1251, 1254, 1255, 1257)
 Goryeo Mongol Empire Defeat
  • Goryeo capitulates in 1259 and becomes a vassal between 1270 and 1356.
King Gojong
Mongol invasions of Japan
(1274, 1281)
Mongol Empire

Yuan dynasty
 Goryeo (vassal of Mongol Empire)

Imperial Court Defeat King Wonjong
King Chungnyeol
Red Turban invasions of Korea
(1359, 1361)
 Goryeo Red Turbans Victory
  • Although Goryeo had repulsed the Red Turbans, both the population and the economy had been severely damaged.
King Gongmin

Joseon dynasty: 1392–1897

[edit]
Conflict Joseon dynasty and its allies Opponents Results Monarch of the Joseon Dynasty Notable battles
Joseon dynasty
Second Tsushima Expedition
(1396)
 Joseon Dynasty Tsushima Province Victory
  • Resulted in yearly tributes by Tsushima.
King Taejong
Third Tsushima Expedition
(1419)
 Joseon Dynasty Tsushima Province Victory
  • Sadamori sends a letter of surrender to Joseon court [1]
  • Wokuo pirates cease their activities in Joseon [2]
King Sejong the Great
Joseon Northern Expedition
(1443)
 Joseon Dynasty Jianzhou Jurchens Victory
  • Led to establishment of present-day northern borders.
King Sejong the Great
Sampo Invasion
(1510)
 Joseon Dynasty Tsushima Province Victory
  • Joseon broke all diplomatic relations with Japan after the incident.
King Jungjong
Imjin War
(1592–1598)
 Joseon Dynasty

Ming dynasty

Azuchi-Momoyama Japan Victory
  • Joseon and Ming victory
King Seonjo
Ming-Manchu War
(1618–1683)
Ming dynasty
 Joseon Dynasty
Kumul Khanate
Turfan Khanate
Manchus Defeat Gwanghaegun
First Manchu invasion of Korea
(1627)
 Joseon Dynasty Later Jin Dynasty Defeat
  • Was spurred by actions of Mao Wenlong, a Ming commander who operated off islands of Korea.
King Injo
Second Manchu invasion of Korea
(1636–1637)
 Joseon Dynasty Qing Dynasty Defeat
  • Brought forth the idea of Punitive North Expedition in Joseon.
King Injo
Sino-Russian border conflicts
(1652–1689)
China
 Joseon Dynasty
Russia
Cossacks
Victory King Hyojong
French invasion of Korea
(1866)
 Joseon Dynasty  France Victory
  • Spurred by Joseon's execution of French Catholic priests on the same year.
Heungseon Daewongun
United States invasion of Korea
(1871)
 Joseon Dynasty  United States Victory
  • Spurred by Joseon's unknown treatment of the American merchant ship General Sherman.
Heungseon Daewongun
Ganghwa Island incident
(1875)
 Joseon Dynasty  Japan Defeat King Gojong
Imo Incident
(1882)
 Joseon Dynasty Korean military dissidents, mostly from the Central Defense Command Victory
  • Spurred by Central Defense Command receiving significantly worse treatment compared to the newly established "Byolkigun".
King Gojong
Gapsin Coup
(1884)
 Joseon Dynasty
Supported by
China
Reformist Faction
Supported by
 Japan
Victory
  • Joseon victory.
King Gojong
Donghak Peasant Revolution
(1894–1895)
 Joseon Dynasty Donghak Peasant's Army Victory King Gojong

Korean Empire: 1897–1910

[edit]
Conflict Korean Empire and its allies Opponents Results Emperor of Korean Empire
Korean Empire
Korean Invasion of Manchuria
(1902)
 Korea  China Victory
  • Korean settlers and soldiers moved into Southern Manchuria as the Qing Dynasty weakened
Emperor Gwangmu
Eulsa Righteous War
(1905)
 Korea  Japan Defeat Emperor Gwangmu
Jeungmi Righteous War
(1907)
 Korea  Japan Defeat
  • Reaction to the forced dissolution of the Korean Imperial Army.
Emperor Yunghui
Great Korean Militia Roundup Campaign
(1909)
 Korea  Japan Defeat
  • Most battles were around the Southern Korea region of Jeolla.
Emperor Yunghui

Occupied Korea: 1910–1945

[edit]
Conflict Provisional Government of Korea and its allies Opponents Results Leader
of Provisional Government
Provisional Government of Korea
Battle of Fengwudong
(1920)
 Provisional Korea  Japan Victory
  • One of earlier Korean independence movements.
President
Syngman Rhee
Battle of Chongsanli
(1920)
 Provisional Korea  Japan Victory
  • Referred in Korea as "Great victory of Chongsanli".
President
Syngman Rhee
Free City Incident
(1921)
 Provisional Korea
  • Korea Independence Corps
 Far Eastern Republic Defeat
  • Most of initial Korean militia was destroyed during the massacre.
President
Syngman Rhee
South-East Asian theatre of World War II
(1942–1945)
 United Kingdom

 China

 United States

 Japan

 Thailand

Victory Premier
Kim Gu

Korea: 1948–present

[edit]
Conflict North Korea and its allies Opponents Results North Korean
losses
North Korea leader
Military Civilian
North Korea
Korean War
(1950–1953)
 North Korea
 China
 Soviet Union
 South Korea
United Nations Command
Stalemate
215,000–
350,000
1,550,000
Simba Rebellion
(1964)
Simba Rebels
Military advisors:
 Cuba
 Tanganyika
 Soviet Union
 China
 North Korea
 Congo-Léopoldville
Combat support:
 Belgium
 United States
Defeat (limited involvement)
  • Rebellion defeated.
Unknown
None
Communist insurgency in Thailand
(1965–1983)
Communist Party of Thailand
Pathet Lao[3][4]

Khmer Rouge (until 1978)[3][4]
Malayan Communist Party
Weapons and advisors
 North Vietnam (until 1976)
 Vietnam (from 1976)
 China
 Soviet Union
 North Korea[3]

 Thailand
 Taiwan (until 1967)
 United States[3]
 Malaysia
Defeat (limited involvement)
  • Defeat of communist insurgency.
Unknown
~120
Vietnam War
(1967–1969)[a]
 North Vietnam
Viet Cong
Laos Pathet Lao
Khmer Rouge
 China
 Soviet Union
 North Korea
 South Vietnam
 United States
 South Korea
 Australia
 New Zealand
 Laos
Cambodia Cambodia
Cambodia Khmer Republic
 Thailand
 Philippines
Victory (in 1975)
14[5]
None
Korean DMZ Conflict
(1966–1969)
 North Korea  South Korea
 United States
Defeat
  • North Korean failure to instigate an armed insurgency in South Korea
2,871
Unknown
1971 JVP insurrection
(1971)
JVP

Supported by:
 North Korea[6][7]
Ba'athist Iraq ASBPI[8][9]
CCP (Maoist) (alleged)[10]

 Ceylon Defeat (limited involvement)
  • Rebel leaders captured and remaining members surrender.
  • Ceylonese government reestablishes control over entire island.
  • Expulsion of North Korean diplomats.
Unknown killed
Several arrested
Unknown
Yom Kippur War
(1973)
 Egypt
 Syria
 Jordan
 Iraq
 Algeria
 Morocco
 Tunisia
 Cuba
 North Korea[11][12]
 Israel Defeat[13]
Ethiopian Civil War
(1974–1991)
Derg (1974–1987)
Ethiopia (1987–1991)
 Cuba
 North Korea
EPRP
TPLF
MEISON (from 1977)
EPDM
EDU
EPLF
Defeat
Unknown
None
Angolan Civil War
(1975–2002)
MPLA
SWAPO
MK
 Cuba (1975–91)
 East Germany (1975–89)
 Soviet Union (1975–89)[17]
 North Korea[18]
EO (1992–95)
UNITA
FNLA
FLEC
 South Africa (1975–89)
 Zaire (1975)[19]
Victory (by 1992)
  • Withdrawal of all foreign forces in 1989
  • Transition towards a multiparty political system in 1991/92
  • Dissolution of the armed forces of FNLA
  • Participation of UNITA and FNLA, as political parties, in the new political system, from 1991/92 onwards, but civil war continues
  • Jonas Savimbi killed in 2002
  • Immediate peace agreement and dissolution of the armed forces of UNITA in 2002
  • Resistance of FLEC continued beyond 2002
Unknown
Unknown
Ugandan Bush War
(1980–1986)
Uganda UNLA
 Tanzania (until 1985)
 North Korea
Uganda NRA Defeat
700
Unknown
1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War
(1982)
Ethiopia
Puntland SSDF
Supported by:
 Cuba[20]
 South Yemen[20]
 North Korea[20]
 Somalia
Supported by:
 United States[20][21]
Defeat (limited involvement)
Unknown
Unknown
Sri Lankan Civil War
(1983–2009)
Tamil Tigers
Supported by:
 North Korea (from 1997)[22][23]
 Eritrea[24][25][26]
 Sri Lanka
 India
Defeat (limited involvement)
Unknown
Unknown
1987–1989 JVP insurrection
(1987–1989)
JVP

Support:
 Soviet Union[27][b]
 North Korea[28]
 Cuba[29]
PLOTE (until 1988)[30][31]
 Iraq[32]

 Sri Lanka
 India
Military support for Sri Lanka:
 Israel[33]
 Pakistan[33]
 South Africa
 United Kingdom
 United States
Defeat (limited involvement)
  • Emergency conditions in South-western and Central provinces lifted.
  • Insurgency declined following the fall of the Eastern bloc.
Unknown
Unknown
United States invasion of Panama
(1989–1990)
 Panama

Supported by:
 Cuba[34]
 Soviet Union[34]
 Nicaragua[34]
 Libya[34]
 North Korea[34]

 United States
 Panamanian Opposition
Defeat (limited involvement)
Unknown
Unknown
Yemeni Civil War
(1994)
South Yemen
Supported by:
 Saudi Arabia[35]: 82 
 Iraq[35]: 82 
 Libya[35]: 82 
 North Korea[35]: 82 [36]
North Yemen
Jihadists[37]
Supported by:
 United States[38]
 Egypt[36]
Defeat (limited involvement)
2 killed in action
4 captured and executed by Jihadist
Unknown
Battle of Amami-Ōshima
(2001)
 North Korea  Japan Defeat
  • North Korean naval trawler sunk[39]
15[40]
1 naval trawler sunk[41]
None
First Libyan Civil War
(2011)
 Libya
 Belarus
 Zimbabwe
Foreign mercenaries[42][43][44][45][46]
Minor border clashes:
Darfur rebels[47]

Weapons and advisors:
 North Korea[48]
 Algeria[49]
 Cuba[50]
 Venezuela[51]
 China (until 12 September)[52][53]
 Russia (until 1 September)[52]
 Mozambique

Anti-Gaddafi forces
 Qatar
Enforcing UNSC Resolution 1973:

 NATO

Other countries:
 Sweden
 Jordan[54]
 United Arab Emirates[55]
 Saudi Arabia[56][57]
Minor border clashes:
 Tunisia
Arms suppliers:
 Egypt
 Moldova[58]
  Switzerland[59]
 Morocco
Other support:
 Botswana
 Peru
 Ethiopia

Defeat (limited involvement)
Unknown
Unknown
Yemeni Civil War
(2015–present)
Supreme Political Council
Alleged support:
Hadi government

Saudi-led coalition
 Saudi Arabia[75]
 United Arab Emirates[76]
 Senegal[77]
 Sudan[78][79]
 Morocco[80]
 Qatar[78] (2015–17)[81]
Academi security contractors[82][83][84][85]

Under 1,000 troops:

United States Green Berets[86][87]
France French Army Special Forces Command[88][89][90]
Al-Qaeda[91][92][93]
Academi


Southern Transitional Council (from 2017)[98]
Tareq Saleh forces (from 2017)[99][100]


Ansar al-Sharia


Islamic State ISIL-YP[105][106]

Ongoing
Unknown
Unknown
Conflict South Korea and its allies Opponents Results President of South Korea
South Korea
Korean War
(1950–1953)
 South Korea
United Nations Command
 North Korea
 China
 Soviet Union
Stalemate Syngman Rhee
Vietnam War
(1964–1973)
 South Vietnam
 United States
 South Korea
 Australia
 New Zealand
 Laos
Cambodia Cambodia
Cambodia Khmer Republic
 Thailand
 Philippines
 North Vietnam
Viet Cong
Laos Pathet Lao
Khmer Rouge
 China
 Soviet Union
 North Korea
Defeat Park Chung Hee
Korean DMZ Conflict
(1966–1969)
 South Korea
 United States
 North Korea Victory
  • North Korean failure to instigate an armed insurgency in South Korea
Park Chung Hee
Gulf War
(1990–1991)
 Kuwait
 United States
 United Kingdom
 South Korea
 Saudi Arabia
 France
 Canada
 Egypt
 Syria
 Oman
 United Arab Emirates
 Bahrain
 Qatar
Other Allies
 Iraq Victory Roh Tae-woo
War in Afghanistan
(2002–2014)
Afghanistan Northern Alliance (2001)
 Afghanistan (from 2001)
ISAF
Afghanistan Islamic Emirate (2001)
Afghanistan Taliban (from 2001)
al-Qaeda
Withdrawal Kim Dae-jung
Iraq War
(2003–2008)
 Iraq
Iraqi Kurdistan
MNF–I
SCJL
Naqshbandi Army
ISI

Ansar al-Islam
IAI


Mahdi Army
Special Groups
Badr Brigades
Kata'ib Hezbollah
Victory Roh Moo-hyun

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "The Veritable Records of King Sejong". Retrieved 20 January 2021. The Daimyo of Daemado (Tsushima), Sadamori (宗都都熊瓦), sent a letter to Yejo Panseo, begging for surrender, and petitioned for personal trust."].
  2. ^ Seoh, M.S. (1969). "A Brief Documentary Survey of Japanese Pirate Activities in Korea in the 13 th—15 th Centuries". Journal of Korean Studies (1969-1971). 1 (1): 23–39. ISSN 0022-2127. JSTOR 23849476.
  3. ^ a b c d "Communist Insurgency In Thailand" (PDF). CIA Report. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  4. ^ a b "Anatomy of a Counterinsurgency Victory" (PDF). January 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  5. ^ "North Korea fought in Vietnam War". BBC News. 31 March 2000. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  6. ^ "The story of a North Korea-backed rebellion in Sri Lanka – NK News – North Korea News". 10 October 2017.
  7. ^ "North Korea's role in Sri Lanka". 12 March 2014.
  8. ^ http://www.jvpsrilanka.com/english/download/1168/ [bare URL PDF]
  9. ^ Sri Lanka the years of Terror. p. 59
  10. ^ https://www.divaina.com/2011/10/03/mano03.html
  11. ^ Smith, Terence (1973-10-18). "Hundreds of Tanks Clash in a Struggle for Suez Area". The New York Times. "North Korea has decided to give military assistance to Egypt and Syria, its press agency [...] said today."
  12. ^ Smith, Hedrick (1973-10-19). "Flow of Soviet Jews Is Undimished". The New York Times. "[...] Premier Kim Il Sung of North Korea had met with the Egyptian and Syrian ambassadors in Pyonyang to inform them of his Government's decision 'to give material assistance including military aid to Syria and Egypt.' [...] [This] lends credence to the [US] Defence Department's report that North Korean pilots were flying missions for Cairo."
  13. ^ References:
  14. ^ a b Nicolle, David & Cooper, Tom: Arab MiG-19 and MiG-21 units in combat.
  15. ^ a b Aloni, Shlomo: Arab–Israeli Air Wars, 1947–82.
  16. ^ a b Shazly, Lieutenant General Saad el (2003). The Crossing of the Suez, Revised Edition (Revised ed.). American Mideast Research. pp. 83–84. ISBN 0-9604562-2-8.
  17. ^ "AfricanCrisis". AfricanCrisis. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  18. ^ Young, Benjamin R (16 December 2013). "North Korea: Opponents of Apartheid". NK News. Archived from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  19. ^ Perez de Cuellar C. Pilgrimage for Peace: A Secretary-General's Memoir pp. 325–326
  20. ^ a b c d "The History Guy: Ethiopia-Somalia Wars and Conflicts".
  21. ^ "Somalia SOMALIA'S DIFFICULT DECADE, 1980–90 – Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System". www.workmall.com.
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  23. ^ "LTTE runs illegal operations overseas – Minister Gunawardena". priu.gov.lk. 2011. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  24. ^ "Sri Lanka finds LTTE fighter planes in Eritrea – Report". Jimma Times. 2009. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  25. ^ "Eritrea providing direct military assistance to LTTE – USSFRC". Ministry of Defense. 2007. Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  26. ^ "Sri Lanka Goes After LTTE assets in Eritrea « The Eight Man Team". Lrrp.wordpress.com. 14 September 2009. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
  27. ^ The History of the JVP 1965–1994. Niyamuva Publishers. 2009. ISBN 9789558696392.
  28. ^ "TheSundayNews: Protesters shot dead at Indo-Lanka opposition". Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  29. ^ Our times great Fidel, අපේ කාලයේ ආදර්ශය ෆිදෙල්. Niyamuva Publications. p. 1. ISBN 9789558696200
  30. ^ Gunaratna, (1993) p. 133
  31. ^ Sri Lanka: The Years Terror. p. 141.
  32. ^ Gunaratna, Rohan (1990), p. 22
  33. ^ a b Indian Intervention in Sri Lanka: Role of Indian Agencies. p. 23.
  34. ^ a b c d e Cole, Ronald H. (1995). Operation Just Cause: The Planning and Execution of Joint Operations in Panama, February 1988 – January 1990. Joint History Office, Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. p. 6.[full citation needed]
  35. ^ a b c d Jamal S. al-Suwaidi, ed. (1995). The Yemeni War of 1994: Causes and Consequences. Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. ISBN 0-86356-300-7.
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  37. ^ Said, Behnam T. (2018). Geschichte al-Qaidas. Bin Laden, der 11. September und die tausend Fronten des Terrors heute [History of al-Qaeda. Bin Laden, 11 September, and the thousand fronts of terror today] (in German). Munich: C.H. Beck. p. 106. ISBN 978-3-406-72585-2.
  38. ^ Embassy of Yemen – Yemeni-American relations Archived 2015-07-09 at the Wayback Machine, "[In mid-nineties...] Washington demonstrated favorable intentions concerning Yemen. That became evident when the U.S. fully supported the Yemeni unity against the failed Separatist attempt in the summer of 1994."
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  41. ^ "North Korean Provocative Actions, 1950–2007" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. 20 April 2007. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  42. ^ "Is Libya's Gaddafi Turning to Foreign Mercenaries?". Reuters Africa. 24 February 2011. Archived from the original on 30 November 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
  43. ^ "Mali fears as Tuaregs return from Libya". News24. Cape Town, South Africa. 16 October 2011. Archived from the original on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  44. ^ "Gadhafi Using Foreign Children As Mercenaries In Libya". NPR. 3 March 2011.
  45. ^ Meo, Nick (27 February 2011). "African Mercenaries in Libya Nervously Await Their Fate". The Daily Telegraph. London.
  46. ^ Plasse, Stephanie (24 March 2011). "Libya: Gaddafi and His Mali-Chad Tuareg Mercenaries". Afrik News.
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  50. ^ Robinson, Circles (4 September 2011). "Cuba Pulls Diplomats Out of Libya".
  51. ^ "Venezuela's Chavez gives lukewarm backing to Gaddafi". Reuters. 26 February 2011 – via www.reuters.com.
  52. ^ a b Rapoza, Kenneth. "Russia and China Team Up Against NATO Libya Campaign". Forbes.
  53. ^ Barnard, Anne (5 September 2011). "China Sought to Sell Arms to Gaddafi, Documents Suggest". www.cnbc.com.
  54. ^ "Jordanian Fighters Protecting Aid Mission". The Jordan Times. 6 April 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
  55. ^ "UAE Updates Support to UN Resolution 1973". Emirates News Agency. 25 March 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
  56. ^ Davidson, Christopher M. (2017). "Why Was Muammar Qadhafi Really Removed?". Middle East Policy. 24 (4): 91–116. doi:10.1111/mepo.12310.
  57. ^ "Gaddafi's sons tried to get Saudi cleric help: TV". Reuters. 28 February 2011.
  58. ^ Молдова продала оружие ливийским террористамpoint, 14 ноября 2013
  59. ^ Швейцарское оружие оказалось в руках ливийских повстанцевНаша газета, 29 июля 2011
  60. ^ Holmes, Oliver (24 January 2012). "UPDATE 1-Anger, chaos but no revolt after Libya violence". Bani Walid. Reuters Africa. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  61. ^ "The rise of the 'Madkhalists': Inside Libya's struggle for religious supremacy". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  62. ^ Eleonora Ardemagni (19 March 2018). "Yemen's Military: From the Tribal Army to the Warlords". IPSI. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  63. ^ "Death of a leader: Where next for Yemen's GPC after murder of Saleh?". Middle East Eye. 23 January 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  64. ^ See:
  65. ^ See:
  66. ^ "North Korea's Balancing Act in the Persian Gulf". The Huffington Post. 17 August 2015. Archived from the original on 17 August 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2015. North Korea's military support for Houthi rebels in Yemen is the latest manifestation of its support for anti-American forces.
  67. ^ "My enemy's enemy is my ally: How al-Qaeda fighters are backed by Yemen's government". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
  68. ^ "Google Translate". translate.google.com.
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The Korean War:

Capital Mechanized Infantry Division, a division that fought in Korea and Vietnam: