Littleton v. Prange
| Littleton v. Prange | |
|---|---|
| Court | Fourth Court of Appeals of Texas |
| Full case name | Christie Lee LITTLETON, Individually and as Next Heir of Jonathon Mark Littleton, Appellant, v. Dr. Mark PRANGE, Appellee. |
| Decided | October 27, 1999 |
| Citation | 9 S.W.3d 223 |
| Case opinions | |
| Decision by | Phil Hardberger |
Littleton v. Prange, 9 S.W.3d 223 (1999), is a 1999 lawsuit that voided a marriage where one of the individuals was a transgender woman, Christie Lee Littleton. The Fourth Court of Appeals of Texas ruled that, for purposes of Texas law, Littleton is male, and that her marriage to a man was therefore invalid. Texas law did not recognize same-sex marriage at the time of the ruling.[1][2]
Background
[edit]Christie Lee Cavazos was assigned male at birth, in San Antonio, Texas in 1952. She dropped out of school at age 15 and began living as a woman. In 1977, Cavazos began taking female hormones and legally changed her first name. In 1980, she underwent surgical reassignment and had the requisite state-issued identification changed to female.[3] In 1989 Cavazos married Jonathan Mark Littleton in Kentucky, later moving to San Antonio.
Case
[edit]After Jonathan Littleton's death, Christie Littleton brought a medical malpractice suit against her husband's doctor, Mark Prange.[4] The defense attorney argued that the marriage was invalid because Christie was a biological male. On appeal, Chief Justice Phil Hardberger relied on the fact that "Texas statutes do not allow same-sex marriages" and that "male chromosomes do not change with either hormonal treatment or sex reassignment surgery" in handing down his judgment that "Christie Littleton is a male. As a male, Christie cannot be married to another male. Her marriage to Jonathan was invalid, and she cannot bring a cause of action as his surviving spouse."[5]
The decision made it legal for a cis woman to marry a trans woman who had undergone sex reassignment surgery and transitioned to female as long as the two partners were assigned opposite sexes at birth.[6][7]
In fiction
[edit]Littleton v. Prange is cited in the fictional 2010 Drop Dead Diva episode "Queen of Mean". In the episode, lawyers for a post-operative trans woman cite the case to prove that her marriage to a cis woman, entered into before she transitioned, was valid, allowing her to inherit her deceased wife's estate.[8]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Engel, David; McCann, Michael (April 24, 2009). Fault Lines: Tort Law as Cultural Practice. Stanford University Press. pp. 149–. ISBN 9780804771207. Retrieved November 17, 2012.
- ^ Littleton v. Prange, No. 99-1214 (Tex. May 18, 2000)
- ^ Celia Kitzinger & Sue Wilkinson (2006). Genders, sexualities and equal marriage rights. Lesbian and Gay Psychology Review
- ^ Dahir, Mubarak (October 10, 2000). Genetics vs. love. The Advocate
- ^ "Littleton v. Prange, 9 SW3d 223". Archived from the original on April 4, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
- ^ Pesquera, Adolfo (September 7, 2000). Lesbian couple get license to wed Transsexual ruling clears the way. San Antonio Express-News
- ^ Lindell, Chuck (August 10, 2010). "Abbott declines transgender marriage question". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2012.
- ^ "Queen of Mean". Drop Dead Diva. Event occurs at 27:39.
Littleton held that legally, gender is determined by which box is marked on the birth certificate, right? ... If the birth certificate is controlling, your client was legally married.
External links
[edit]- Opinion by Chief Justice Phil Hardberger, Concurring Opinion by Justice Karen Angelini, Dissenting Opinion by Justice Alma López at the Texas Fourth Court of Appeals website
- Court opinion at Google Scholar
- Story of Christie Lee Littleton, personal website