Martin Mere
| Martin Mere | |
|---|---|
 Flamingos at Martin Mere Wetland Centre | |
  Martin Mere Location in West Lancashire  Martin Mere Location in Lancashire | |
| Location | Lancashire |
| Coordinates | 53°37′21″N 2°52′7″W / 53.62250°N 2.86861°W |
| Type | mere |
| Basin countries | United Kingdom |
| Official name | Martin Mere |
| Designated | 28 November 1985 |
| Reference no. | 324[1] |
Martin Mere is a mere near Burscough, in Lancashire, England, on the West Lancashire Coastal Plain. The mere is a vast marsh, around grid reference SD 41 15 that was, until it was drained, the largest body of fresh water in England.[2]
History
[edit]Martin Mere was formed at the end of the last ice age, when water filled a depression in the glacial drift. Since then its size has varied as water levels have risen and fallen. The original giant lake can be seen on Christopher Saxton's map from 1579 and stretched from Rufford in the east, to Churchtown (then known as North Meols) in the west. To the north of the lake were the villages of Mere Brow and Holmeswood, the site of Holmeswood Hall, built by the Heskeths as a hunting lodge. South of the lake was the Scarisbrick Hall estate, Martin Hall and Tarlefarwood, now known as Tarlscough.[3]
The mere originally drained out in two places; at the western end the arm of the mere known as the Wyke drained into the Pool (or Old Pool) at what is now Crowland Street, Blowick, while at its eastern end it flowed into the river Douglas at Rufford. Active management of the mere began in 1692 when Thomas Fleetwood of Bank Hall cut a channel in an attempt to drain it.[4] Further attempts to drain it were made in the 1780s, but effective drainage was achieved only in the mid-19th century, with the introduction of steam pumping.
Farms and market gardens were established on the rich soils of the reclaimed land. Between 1974 and 1982 sand from the former lake bed was quarried for use in glass-making at Mere Sands Wood which is now a nature reserve.
An ancient canoe has been excavated from Martin Mere and is on display in the Atkinson Art Gallery and Library.[5]
Present
[edit]Part of the old mere is now the site of Martin Mere Wetland Centre, a wetland nature reserve managed by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Martin Mere". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ^ Martin Mere: Lancashire's Lost Lake, W. G. Hale and Audrey Coney. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2005.
- ^ "Christopher Saxton's 1579 map" http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~genmaps/genfiles/COU_files/ENG/LAN/saxton_lancs_1579.htm |accessdate=24-07-2010
- ^ "Untitled Document".
- ^ "The Crossens Canoe takes pride of place at The Atkinson" https://www.artinliverpool.com/news/the-crossens-canoe-takes-pride-of-place-at-the-atkinson/ |accessdate=15-10-2020
