Mary Ajami

Mary Ajami ماري عجمي
Native name	ماري عجمي
Born	1888 (1888) Damascus, Ottoman Syria
Died	25 December 1965(1965-12-25) (aged 76–77) Damascus, Syria
Occupation	Journalist, poet
Language	Arabic
Genre	Poetry, non-fiction

Mary Ajami (Arabic: ماري عجمي; 1888 – 25 December 1965) was a Syrian poet and pioneering feminist writer in Arabic, who launched the first women's periodical in Western Asia called Al Arus (Arabic: the Bride).^[1]

Ajami was born to a large Greek Orthodox Christian family in 1888 and raised in Damascus, modern-day Syria.^[1] Her father was Abdallah al-Ajami, a prominent Damascene landowner, businessman and influential figure of the church, whilst her mother was a Syrian woman of Greek descent.^[2] She spent her formative years in Damascus, where she received an education from Irish and Russian missionary schools, before studying nursing and graduating from the Syrian Protestant College in Beirut in 1906.^[1][3] Even while she was a student at the Syrian Protestant College, she began teaching as a visiting teacher in Zahlé, Lebanon.

After graduation, she began teaching in Port Said, Egypt. The following year she moved to a school in Alexandria, Egypt before returning to her native Damascus to teach English to students attending the Russian military school there.

Ajami was a writer, frequently publishing her work under the pseudonym of Layla (her mother's name) for fear of reprisals.

Ajami began freelance writing about social and political topics for Muhammad Kurd Ali's weekly newspaper Al Muqtabas and in 1910 began her own periodical Al 'Arus (Arabic: the Bride), which was the first Syrian publication to defend women's rights, and ran for 11 years. As the editor-in-chief, she was able to employ a few educated girls to serve on its editorial board, although she had the young women sign their journalist contributions under an assumed name for their protection from harassment in Syria's male-dominated society. Ajami's first editorial in the new periodical was a manifesto for Syria's emerging feminist movement, dedicating her work

"To those who believe that in the spirit of women in the strength to kill the germs of corruption, and that in her hand is the weapon to rend the gloom of opposition, and in her mouth the solace to lighten human misery."

She personally raised the necessary funds to support the journal, which soon became recognized as "one of the highest quality periodicals in the Arab world." While the journal was a rousing success among the country's female educated elite, it was scorned by conservative Muslim readers who condemned its messages and sought to abolish it.

During World War I, the journal suspended publication and Ajami wrote editorials for the Egyptian newspaper al-Ahrar (Free Patriots), and for al-Islah (Reform), an Arabic newspaper based in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

She was fiercely opposed to the Ottoman Empire, especially after 1915, when authorities in Beirut executed her fiancé, Petro Pauli, for criticizing the occupying military regime of Sultan Mohammed Rashad V.^[1]

From 1918 to 1920 she headed the Christian Women's Club, an organization aimed at promoting Arabism amongst the Christians of Damascus and Beirut.

In 1919, she officially restarted publication of al-Arus, but not without controversy. In 1920, religious leaders demanded that Ajami be brought to trial for promoting heresy by publishing a story supporting civil marriage.^[1]

In 1920, after the Ottoman Empire collapsed, Ajami founded the Damascus Women's Literary Club and spearheaded the movement to give women the right to vote, going directly to King Faysal I, the first post-Ottoman Syrian ruler.^[1] In that same year, she established a weekly salon in her home that was well attended by both men and women, who took that opportunity to discuss politics, philosophy and religious affairs. Her salon was groundbreaking at the time, because allowing men and women to engage in discussions together was unheard of in Syria. She described the salon's aim as "reviving female intelligentsia."^[1]

Ajami's successful career was tempered by elements of tragedy in her personal life. For many years, she longed to continue her studies abroad, but her father's death and the outbreak of war prevented her from doing so.^[4] Joseph T. Zeidan reminds us that her achievements "must be assessed in the light of formidable obstacles she encountered while struggling to keep her journal alive, not least of which were her father's attempts to persuade her to quit."^[5]

In 1947, her poem "The Peasant’s Hope" won first prize on BBC radio in London.^[6]

He is the peasant farmer. If not for his struggle,

the basil wouldn’t show its signs of beauty.

He is the heavily burdened bulwark

Upon whose face are the flames of torches.

— Mary Ajami, The Peasant's Hope

Ajami was somewhat of an anomaly for her time, and, like her more famous peer May Ziadeh, Ajami never married. She died on December 25, 1965, and was buried in the St. George Greek Orthodox Church in Damascus’ Bab Sharqi neighborhood.^[1]

Fares al-Khoury, the two-time prime minister of Syria, was a frequent visitor to Ajami's literary salon, and compared her to Ziadeh when he said in verse form,

My friends take it from me,

I can say that Mary Ajami

can match with May Ziadeh

For skill and ingenuity.^[7]

• Al-Majdaliyya al-Hasna' (the Beautiful Magdelene) (1913)^[1]
• Mukhtarat min al-Sh'r (Selected Poems) (1944)

• Women's literary salons and societies in the Arab world
• The Arab Human Development Report: Towards the Rise of Women in the Arab World Archived 2019-07-08 at the Wayback Machine

• Media related to Mary Ajami at Wikimedia Commons