Metoidioplasty

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Metoidioplasty" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Part of a series on
Transgender topics
Outline History Timeline
Gender identities Androgyne Bissu, Calabai, Calalai Burrnesha Cisgender Gender bender Hijra Non-binary or genderqueer Gender fluidity Kathoey Koekchuch Third gender Bakla Faʻafafine Femminiello Khanith Māhū Mudoko dako Mukhannath Muxe Travesti Two-spirit Winkte X-gender Trans man Trans woman Fakaleitī Mak nyah Rae-rae Transgender Youth Akava'ine Transsexual
Health care practices Gender clinic Gender dysphoria in children Causes Sex assignment Hormone therapy feminizing masculinizing Puberty-suppressing hormone therapy Gender-affirming surgery female-to-male male-to-female Facial feminization surgery Facial masculinization surgery Hair removal Pregnancy Assisted reproductive technology Voice therapy WPATH Standards of Care
Rights and legal status Gender self-identification Legal gender Non-binary gender Rights movement Organizations Political office-holders Asylum Healthcare Military service South Korea United States Prisons Toilets Bathroom bills Unisex Anti-gender movement Anti-trans movement in the UK Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary radical feminism Discrimination Non-binary Parental rights movement Transgender men Transmisogyny Genocide Inequality Violence Murders Trans panic defense Yogyakarta Principles
Society and culture Events and awareness Awareness Week Beauty pageants Day of Remembrance Day of Visibility Flag March more Culture Anatomical terminology Fictional characters Film Literature Media portrayals People non-binary Publications Religion Sports Television
Theory and concepts Androphilia and gynephilia Blanchard's typology Childhood gender nonconformity Cisgender / cissexual Cisnormativity Cross-dressing Deadnaming Gender binary Gender detransitioning Gender expression Gender transitioning Gender identity Gender nonconformity Gender-sexuality questioning Postgenderism Rapid-onset dysphoria Studies Transfeminism views Transmedicalism Transmisogyny
By country Rights Argentina 2012 law 2021 law Australia Brazil Canada 2016 bill China Finland France [fr] Germany 1980 law 2018 law 2024 law India 2014 bill 2019 act Tamil Nadu Iran Ireland Pakistan 2017 bill 2018 act New Zealand Norway 2016 act Singapore South Africa 2003 act South Korea Spain 2022 law United Kingdom Anti-trans movement in the UK 2004 act 2022 bill United States Disenfranchisement Title IX Transphobia History Argentina [es] Australia Re Kevin Brazil China Finland Nazi Germany Singapore United Kingdom United States Legality elected officials Cafeteria riot Stonewall
See also Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric Gender Gender studies Intersex Queer heterosexuality LGBTQ Sex Sex–gender distinction Sexual orientation Social construction of gender
Transgender portal LGBTQ portal  Category
v t e

Metoidioplasty, metaoidioplasty, or metaidoioplasty^[2] (informally called a meto or meta) is a female-to-male gender-affirming surgery.^[3]

Testosterone replacement therapy gradually enlarges the clitoris to a mean maximum size of 4.6 cm (1.8 in)^[4] (as the clitoris and the penis are developmentally homologous). In a metoidioplasty, the urethral plate and urethra are completely dissected from the clitoral corporeal bodies, then divided at the distal (far) end, and the testosterone-enlarged clitoris straightened out and elongated. A longitudinal vascularized island flap is configured and harvested from the dorsal skin of the clitoris, reversed to the ventral side, tubularized and an anastomosis (connection) is formed with the native urethra. The new urethral meatus is placed along the neophallus (newly formed penis) to the distal end and the skin of the neophallus and scrotum reconstructed using labia minora and majora flaps.^[5] The new neophallus ranges in size from 4–10 cm (1.6–3.9 in) (with an average of 5.7 cm (2.2 in)) and has the approximate girth of a human adult thumb.^[6]

The term derives from meta- "change", Ancient Greek αἰδοῖον, aidoion, 'genitals', and -plasty, denoting surgical construction or modification.^[2]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2022)

Recent studies have introduced an operative technique known as extensive metoidioplasty. This method extensively detaches the clitoris, nearly completely detaching it from the pubic arch before its reattachment and elongation. Current studies show this method yielding penile lengths of 6 to 12 centimeters (2.4 to 4.7 in), with 7 out of 10 patients able to obtain erections that are capable of penetrative intercourse.^[7]

Extended metoidioplasty is a more recent technique which attempts to refine extensive metoidioplasty. Both methods work on the same principal of releasing, thereby exposing, more of the clitoris. A study on 17 patients a range of 4–9cm increase in phallic length. Penetration was possible for 4, and 2 had significant length and growth during erection, but had not attempted sexual intercourse yet.^[8] Both methods are considered experimental, and are only offered by a few surgeons.

Complications from metoidioplasty vary in severity. Minor complications may be resolved through minor supportive care, while more serious complications may require surgical correction. Like other surgical procedures, each metoidioplasty procedure comes with the possibility of complications such as pain, infection, bleeding, blood clots, and damage to surrounding tissues. There is also a risk of adverse reactions to anesthesia or other medications that are required for the procedure or post-operative period.

If urethral lengthening is performed, urethral complications such as urinary fistula may occur.^[8] Patients who experience postvoid incontinence or dribbling following surgery report their symptoms as resolved within three months.^[9]

Satisfaction rates among patients who undergo metoidioplasty are generally very high regarding both appearance and sexual satisfaction.^[9][10]

Metoidioplasty is technically simpler than phalloplasty, more affordable, and has fewer potential complications. However, phalloplasty patients are far more likely to be capable of sexual penetration (mainly due to size constraints) after they recover from surgery.^[11]

In a phalloplasty, a plastic surgeon fabricates a neopenis by autografting tissue from a donor site (such as from the patient's back, arm or leg). A phalloplasty takes about 8–10 hours to complete (the first stage), and is generally followed by multiple (up to three) additional surgical procedures including glansplasty, scrotoplasty, testicular prosthesis, and/or penile implantation.

Metoidioplasty typically requires 2–3 hours to complete. Because the clitoris' erectile tissue functions normally, a prosthesis is unnecessary for erection (although the clitoris might not become as rigid as a penile erection). In nearly all cases, metoidioplasty patients can continue to have clitoral orgasms after surgery.

Note also, that the two alternative techniques are not mutually exclusive and phalloplasty extension of a metioidiplasic base neophallus is possible.^[12]

The first metoidioplasty was reported in 1973 and the term was coined in a 1989 paper.^[13][14]

• List of transgender-related topics
• Phalloplasty

Look up metoidioplasty in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Metoidioplasty.net - The Metoidioplasty Surgery Guide
• FemaletoMale.org | Information about Metoidioplasty