Pavhari Baba

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Pavhari Baba (1798–1898) was a Hindu ascetic and saint.^[3][4] He was born in Premapur, Jaunpur in a Brahmin family.^{[citation needed]} In his childhood he went to Ghazipur to study under the tutelage of his uncle who was a follower of Ramanuja or Shri sect . After finishing his studies he travelled to many places. At Girnar in Kathiawar he was initiated into Yoga.^[1]

He then came back to Ghazipur and built an underground hermitage in his house where he used to practise meditation and Yoga for days.^[1][3] He was noted for his humility, politeness and spirit of welfare. One night a thief entered his hermitage. When the thief ran away leaving the stolen things behind, as Pavhari Baba had woken up from sleep, he chased the thief and offered him the things he stole from his house. The incident had deep impact on the thief who later became a monk and a follower of Pavhari Baba.

In 1890 Swami Vivekananda went to Ghazipur and met him.^[5] According to Sister Nivedita, Baba died by burning in 1898, which is considered as self-immolation.^[1]

Pavhari Baba gained popularity as a yogi, yet his life is shrouded with mystery. He was born in village Premapur, Jaunpur in a Brahmin family. In his childhood he was taken to Ghazipur to study and there he lived in his uncle's house. His uncle was a Naishthika Brahmachari^[a] and a follower of Ramanuja or Shri sect.^[b] He owned a piece of land in Ghazipur which Pavhari Baba got in inheritance. He was a diligent student of Vyākaraṇa and Nyaya and had demonstrated mastery in many branches of Hindu philosophy in his youth.^[1][6]

In his youth, he visited many pilgrimages as a Brahmachari. He acquired knowledge of Dravidian languages. He had also acquaintance with the Vaishnavas of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's order. At Girnar in Kathiawar, he was first initiated into Yoga. He also became a disciple of a Sannyasi^[who?] and from him he learned Advaita Vedanta.^[6]

After finishing his studies and travels, Pavhari Baba came back to Ghazipur, the place where he was brought up. Pavhari Baba renounced the world, worldly way of life, and built an underground hermitage (cave) where he used to stay alone with his followers one Cobra and mongoose.The cobra keeps his mani on his own head which gives bright light in the caves for study the saint. Vivekananda related this act of Pavhari Baba with the practice of Hindu yogi's who choose cave or similar spots to practice yoga where temperature is even and where there is not any distracting sound.^[6]

In this cave he meditated for days. Thus he became known by the sobriquet Pavhari Baba which means pav(pawan means air, ahaari means food "air-eating holy man". People from far and wide sought to visit Baba. It is said he used to communicate with visitors from behind a wall as no one's shadow should fall on him as he was bal bramachari.^[1][6] Once he did not come out of his hermitage for five years and people thought he had died. But, later he came out from his place.^[7]

Pavhari Baba was noted for his polite and kind behaviour. When he met Vivekananda he used expressions like "this servant", "my honour" etc. which surprised and pleased Vivekananda. People also used to admire his humility and spirit of welfare.^[7]

Swami Nikhilananda mentioned an incident in his book Vivekananda: a biography. Once a dog ran away with a piece of bread from Pavhari Baba's hermitage which he kept as his food. Baba chased the dog, praying: "Please wait; my Lord; let me butter the bread for you".^[8]

According to same biography of Nikhilananda, once a Cobra bit him, while he was suffering terrible pain, his remark was: "Oh, he was a messenger from my beloved."^[1]

One night when Pavhari Baba was sleeping, a thief entered his hermitage. When he had just finished stealing things, Pavhari Baba woke up. This frightened the thief, who then ran and abandoned his bundle of stolen items. Pavhari Baba chased the thief, caught him and requested him with folded hands to accept the goods which he had stolen from his hermitage saying: "All these are yours, my God". The thief was surprised by being addressed as "God" and felt remorse for the crime he had just committed. This incident changed the thief and he later became Pavhari Baba's disciple and gradually a saint himself.^[4][9][10]

In January 1890, Swami Vivekananda^[c] went to Ghazipur to meet Pavhari Baba. In a letter dated 21 January 1890, Vivekananda wrote—^[11]

I reached Ghazipur three days ago... I again had a great mind to go over to Kashi, but the object of my coming here, namely, an interview with the Babâji (Pavhari Baba, the great saint), has not yet been realised, and. hence the delay of a few days becomes necessary.

In the next letter dated 31 January 1890, Vivekananda wrote about Baba's unwillingness to meet people.^[12] In the very next letter written just four days later, on 4 February 1890, Vivekananda informed that he had met Baba. In that letter Vivekananda wrote:^[13]

...through supreme good fortune, I have obtained an interview with Babaji. A great sage indeed! — It is all very wonderful, and in this atheistic age, a towering representation of marvellous power born of Bhakti and Yoga!

When Vivekananda went to Ghazipur, he was suffering from lumbago and it was becoming impossible for him to move or sit in meditation.^[1] After the meeting with Baba, Vivekananda sought his refuge and desired to become his disciple. Baba also requested him to stay for few more days at Ghazipur, which Vivekananda accepted. Vivekananda wrote on 4 February 1890's letter:^[13]

I have sought refuge in his grace; and he has given me hope — a thing very few may be fortunate enough to obtain. It is Babaji's wish that I stay on for some days here, and he would do me some good. So following this saint's bidding I shall remain here for some time.

But the night before the religious initiation by Baba, Vivekananda reportedly had a dream in which he saw his master Ramakrishna looking at him with a melancholy face. That dream made Vivekananda realize that no one other than Ramakrishna could be his teacher, and he gave up the idea of becoming Baba's disciple.^[14]

Though Vivekananda gave up the idea of becoming Pavhari Baba's disciple after seeing Ramakrishna's sad face in his dream the night before his religious initiation, Baba deeply influenced him. According to Sister Nivedita, Vivekananda always held Pavhari Baba second only to Ramakrishna.^[15] Vivekananda delivered a lecture "Sketch of the life of Pavhari Baba" which was later published as a booklet.^[6]

Once Vivekananda asked Pavhari Baba the reason for his not coming out of his hermitage and doing service for the welfare of the society. Pavharai Baba replied: "Do you think that physical help is the only help possible? Is it not possible that one mind can help other minds even without the activity of the body?"^[10]

Pavhari Baba advised Vivekananda to remain lying at the door of a teacher's house like a dog. Vivekananda interpreted this to mean staying loyal to the teacher and having patience and perseverance, which are essential to achieving success.^[2]

In the book The Master as I saw Him, Sister Nivedita wrote tha Pavhari Baba died by burning in 1898.^[15] He did not come out of his hermitage for several days and then one day people noticed smoke coming out of his hermitage and also got smell of burning flesh.^[1] This was described as self-immolation.^[16] According to Swami Nikhilananda:^[1]

...the saint, having come to realize the approaching end of his earthly life, had offered his body as the last oblation to the Lord, in an act of supreme sacrifice.

Vivekananda was staying at Almora when he learned of Pavhari Baba's death.^[17]

Ex-minister Sharda Chauhan, in Kalyan Singh ministry has been actively promoting elevation of Pawhari Baba's ashram as Ghazipur tourism spot. Uttar Pradesh Government included Pawhari Baba Ashram in Uttar Pradesh Spiritual Circuit 2,^[18] which is currently run by the 5th generation of Pawhari baba's elder brother Ganga Tiwari.^[19]

• Bhuyan, P. R. (2003). Swami Vivekananda: Messiah of Resurgent India. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-269-0234-7.
• Sil, Narasingha Prosad (1997). Swami Vivekananda: A Reassessment. Susquehanna University Press. pp. 216–218. ISBN 978-0-945636-97-7.
• Noble, Margaret E. (1910). The Master As I Saw Him: Being Pages from the Life of the Swami Vivekananda. Longmans Green. p. 93. OL 1105480W.
• Singleton, Mark (2010). Yoga Body: The Origins of Modern Posture Practice. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-974598-2.
• Debroy, Bibek (2008). Sarama and Her Children: The Dog in Indian Myth. Penguin Books India. ISBN 978-0-14-306470-1.
• Nikhilananda, Swami (1953). Vivekânanda: a biography (PDF). Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center. ISBN 978-0-911206-25-8.
• Prabhavananda, Swami (1964). The Sermon on the Mount According to Vedanta. Vedanta Press. ISBN 978-0-87481-050-9.
• Kumar, Sanjeev (2010). Stop Not Till the Goal is Reached. Pustak Mahal. ISBN 978-81-223-1170-9.
• Vivekananda, Swami; Chetanananda, Swami (1976). Meditation and Its Methods: According to Swami Vivekananda. Vedanta Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-87481-030-1.
• Ruhela, Satya Pal (1998). How to Receive Sri Sathya Sai Baba's Grace. Diamond Pocket Books. ISBN 978-81-7182-089-4.
• Ganguly, Adwaita P. (2001). Life and Times of Netaji Subhas: From Cuttack to Cambridge, 1897-1921. VRC Publications. ISBN 978-81-87530-02-2.
• Jackson, Carl T. (1994). Vedanta for the West: The Ramakrishna Movement in the United States. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-11388-7.

• Vivekananda, Swami (1890a). "Letter written on 21 January 1890". Archived from the original on 7 September 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
• Vivekananda, Swami (1890b). "Letter written on 31 January 1890". Archived from the original on 7 September 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
• Vivekananda, Swami (1890c). "Letter written on 4 February 1890". Archived from the original on 7 September 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
• Vivekananda, Swami (1890d). "Letter written on 7 February 1890". Archived from the original on 7 September 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2013.