Pukbunaeryuk Line

Pukbunaeryuk Line
Samsu Ch'ŏngnyŏn Station on the Pukpu Line
Overview
Other name(s)	Hyesan–Manp'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line 혜산만포청년선(惠山滿浦靑年線)
Native name	북부내륙선(北部內陸線)
Owner	Korean State Railway
Locale	Chagang Ryanggang
Termini	Manp'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn Hyesan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Hoeryŏng Ch'ŏngnyŏn - planned/unrealised
Stations	42
Service
Type	heavy rail, Regional rail
Operator(s)	Korean State Railway
Depot(s)	Manp'o, Hyesan; P'op'yŏng (closed)
History
Opened	Unbong Line (Manp'o–Unbong): 1959 Unbong–Hyesan: 1987-1988
Technical
Line length	249.2 km (154.8 mi)
Number of tracks	Single track
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification	3000 V DC Catenary
Route map Legend Unha Line Yalu River CR Meiji Railway DPRK← →China 0.0 Manp'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn Manp'o Line (bridge appx 290 m (950 ft)) (tunnel appx 230 m (750 ft)) (tunnel appx 200 m (660 ft)) Ch'agap'yŏng Cement Factory 4.6 Ch'agap'yŏng mine loading (main tunnel appx 810 m (2,660 ft)) (branch tunnel appx 920 m (3,020 ft)) (bridge appx 60 m (200 ft)) An'gol Line 8.3 Munak 17.7 Yŏnp'o (bridge appx 150 m (490 ft)) 23.4 Rimt'o 25.8 Ch'anggol (bridge appx 285 m (935 ft)) 28.6 Simridong (tunnel appx 120 m (390 ft)) 41.0 Songsam (bridge appx 270 m (890 ft)) 35.8 Chagang Samgang yellow: former line on PRC side for dam construction 44.9 Sangp'unggang Yalu River Unbong Line 45.6 Unbong 53.4 Kujung (tunnel appx 1,305 m (4,281 ft)) (tunnel appx 215 m (705 ft)) (tunnel appx 2,685 m (8,809 ft)) (tunnel appx 560 m (1,840 ft)) 63.5 Chasŏng (tunnel appx 1,050 m (3,440 ft)) (tunnel appx 475 m (1,558 ft)) 68.8 Sahyang (bridge appx 115 m (377 ft)) 74.3 Kwi'in (bridge appx 180 m (590 ft)) (tunnel appx 605 m (1,985 ft)) (tunnel appx 495 m (1,624 ft)) (bridge appx 210 m (690 ft)) 80.8 Chŏnp'yŏng 83.2 Rip'yŏng (bridge appx 235 m (771 ft)) (bridge appx 150 m (490 ft)) 87.8 Hwap'yŏng (bridge appx 130 m (430 ft)) 94.8 Hoejung (bridge appx 150 m (490 ft)) (bridge appx 105 m (344 ft)) 100.5 Ryongch'ul (bridge appx 220 m (720 ft)) (tunnel appx 2,650 m (8,690 ft)) 108.1 Wŏlt'an (bridge appx 180 m (590 ft)) (bridge appx 100 m (330 ft)) underground facility 113.7 Hoeyang (bridge appx 120 m (390 ft)) (bridge appx 130 m (430 ft)) 121.4 Rot'an (bridge appx 100 m (330 ft)) 126.8 Ogubi (tunnel appx 440 m (1,440 ft)) (tunnel appx 305 m (1,001 ft)) 134.7 Tuji 138.2 P'op'yŏng Ch'ŏngnyŏn (tunnel appx 650 m (2,130 ft)) (tunnel appx 335 m (1,099 ft)) (tunnel appx 340 m (1,120 ft)) 145.9 Much'ang (tunnel appx 470 m (1,540 ft)) (tunnel appx 225 m (738 ft)) 151.5 Rajuk (tunnel appx 100 m (330 ft)) 155.8 Taeŭng (tunnel appx 135 m (443 ft)) (tunnel appx 190 m (620 ft)) (tunnel appx 215 m (705 ft)) 166.0 Huju Ch'ŏngnyŏn (bridge appx 130 m (430 ft)) (tunnel appx 355 m (1,165 ft)) 178.7 Songjŏn (tunnel appx 145 m (476 ft)) (tunnel appx 595 m (1,952 ft)) (tunnel appx 1,230 m (4,040 ft)) 187.0 Kangha (tunnel appx 835 m (2,740 ft)) (tunnel appx 465 m (1,526 ft)) 194.6 Sinp'a Ch'ŏngnyŏn Changjin River (bridge appx 285 m (935 ft)) 200.0 Mint'ang 205.3 Ryanggang Sinsang (tunnel appx 200 m (660 ft)) (tunnel appx 580 m (1,900 ft)) 212.5 P'ungyang (tunnel appx 280 m (920 ft)) (tunnel appx 1,565 m (5,135 ft)) 220.1 Sangdae 224.0 Insan (tunnel appx 645 m (2,116 ft)) (tunnel appx 210 m (690 ft)) 232.8 Samsu Ch'ŏngnyŏn (tunnel appx 220 m (720 ft)) (tunnel appx 920 m (3,020 ft)) 240.3 Nŭpp'yŏng 245.1 Kangu Hoch'ŏn River (bridge appx 160 m (520 ft)) Hyesan Textile Factory 249.2 Hyesan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line Hyesan–Wiyŏn section to have become part of Pukpu Line Wiyŏn Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line Samjiyŏn Line Wiyŏn–Karim section to have become part of Pukpu Line Karim Samjiyŏn Line Poch'ŏn Line Karim–Poch'ŏn section to have become part of Pukpu Line Poch'ŏn Poch'ŏn Line planned new line Samjiyŏn Line Samjiyŏn Samjiyŏn–Motka section to have become part of Pukpu Line Motka Taehongdan planned new line Nongsa planned new line Samjang planned new line Paengmu Line Hŭngam Hŭngam–Musan section to have become part of Pukpu Line Musan Musan Line Ch'ilsŏngri planned new line Saegŏlli planned new line Yusŏn Hoeryŏng Colliery Line to have become part of Pukpu Line Hoeryŏng Ch'ŏngnyŏn Hambuk Line

The Pukbunaeryuk Line, also called the Hyesan–Manp'o Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line after the only completed stage of three planned stages, is an electrified standard-gauge secondary trunk line of the Korean State Railway in Chagang and Ryanggang Provinces, North Korea, connecting the Manp'o Line at Manp'o to the Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line at Hyesan.^[1] It also connects to the China Railway Meiji Railway via the Ji'an Yalu River Border Railway Bridge between Manp'o and Meihekou, China.

The Pukbunaeryuk Line was to have been a northern east–west trunk line of 450 km (280 mi)^[2] on the Manp'o–Hyesan–Musan–Hoeryŏng route,^[3] but this plan has not been realised.

There are 42 stations on the line, of which Chasŏng, Hwap'yŏng, P'op'yŏng Ch'ŏngnyŏn, and Mint'ang are dedicated freight consolidation points; the stations of Chŏnp'yŏng, Tuji, Sinp'a Ch'ŏngnyŏn, Ryanggang Sinsang, and Insan are served only by passenger trains.^[3] The line has 76 tunnels totalling over 26 km (16 mi) in length, and 116 bridges with a total length of over 6.3 km (3.9 mi) -^[4] bridges make up 3.3% of the total length of the line, whilst tunnels account for 12.8% of the total route length.^[3]

There are locomotive facilities at Manp'o and Hyesan, and formerly at P'op'yŏng; Hyesan also has shops for maintenance of passenger and freight cars.^[3]

Having been the only major east–west trunk line at the time, the P'yŏngra Line had become overly congested by the 1970s, as all east–west traffic - even that moving between the northwest and the northeast - had to travel via the P'yŏngra Line.^[3] To alleviate the burden, President Kim Il Sung ordered the construction of a new, northern east–west transversal line in August 1980.^[4] This line, which was to have made use of parts of existing lines where possible, in addition to newly built trackage, was to have connected Manp'o in the west with Hoeryŏng in the east.^[3] This would have resulted in the creation of a direct connections between the Manp'o Line in the northwest and the Hambuk Line in the northeast of the country, allowing traffic between these two areas to avoid the P'yŏngra Line. This would also have significantly shortened the travelled distances.

The Pukbunaeryuk Line, as the planned line was called (북부, pukpu, means "northern"), was to have been built in three stages: Manp'o to Hyesan, Hyesan to Musan, and Musan to Hoeryŏng.^[3]

In 1959, the Korean State Railway opened the Unbong Line, a 45.6 km (28.3 mi) line from Manp'o to Unbong, to assist with the construction of the Unbong Dam on the Yalu River which had begun in October of that year. The first stage of the northern trunk line, from Manp'o to Hyesan, made use of the entirety of the Unbong Line. A new passenger-friendly station was built at Unbong, called Sinunbong Station (="New Unbong Station")^[3] (the previous Unbong Station, which had been the terminus of the Unbong Line and, after the construction of the new line, became the terminus of the truncated Unbong Line, was later renamed Kuunbong Station - that is, "Old Unbong Station", and Sinunbong Station became simply Unbong Station). Work on the first stage was started at both ends in 1981;^[2] construction went slowly, with the 17.9 km (11.1 mi) from Sinunbong to Chasŏng and the 83.2 km (51.7 mi) from Hyesan to Huju being completed only on 27 November 1987.^[3] Kim Jong Il ordered the formation of youth work brigades who, moving over 10,000,000 m³ (350,000,000 cu ft) of earth and blasting millions of cubic metres of rock,^[4] completed construction of the final 102.5 km (63.7 mi) section between Chasŏng and Huju in 1988.^[5]

A second stage, a 74 km (46 mi) long line from Hyesan to Musan on the Musan Line via Poch'ŏn, Samjiyŏn, Taehongdan and Musan counties was planned and construction was started,^[3] but was subsequently suspended. The line was to have shared the track of the Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line from Hyesan to Wiyŏn; from there, the Wiyŏn–Karim section of the narrow-gauge Samjiyŏn Line and the Karim–Poch'ŏn section of the Poch'ŏn Line were to have been converted to standard gauge; from Poch'ŏn a new line would have been built to Rimyŏngsu, and from there, the Rimyŏngsu–Samjiyŏn–Motka section of narrow-gauge line was to have been regauged. From Samjiyŏn there was to be a new line built via Taehongdan town, Nongsa-rodongjagu, and Samjang-rodongjagu to Hŭngam on the Paengmu Line, from where the existing narrow-gauge line to Musan was to have been regauged.^[3]

The third stage of the Pukbunaeryuk Line project was to have been the construction of a new 61 km (38 mi) line from Musan to Hoeryŏng on the Hambuk Line. From Musan, the line was to have run through Musan County along the Tumen River via Ch'ilsŏng-ri and Saegŏl-li, continuing from there along a newly built line to Yusŏn, the terminus of the Hoeryŏng Colliery Line; this line would have been absorbed into the Pukpu Line.^[3]

The first stage had been completed at the end of 1988; by then, some works had begun on the second stage, but due to the DPRK's economic crisis of the 1990s, construction was eventually abandoned. Electrification of the existing portion of the line was begun in 1991 with the goal of completing it in time for Kim Il Sung's 80th birthday on 15 April 1992;^[2] however, it wasn't until 1993 that the electrification of the entire Manp'o–Hyesan line was completed.^[4]

By the end of the 2000s, the line was in such poor condition that the operation of trains was nearly impossible; citing this, in April 2011 Kim Jong Il once again mobilised work brigades of the Kim Il-sung Socialist Youth League to undertake the reconstruction of the line; the refurbishment work was completed in November 2013.^[4]

It is one of the lightest-travelled of all trunk lines in the DPRK. There are a number of passenger trains on the line, including commuter trains serving Rimt'o.^[3] Most of the freight traffic on the line is military, but logs are also transported along the line from the Kamae Plateau.^[6] Ore from the March 5 Youth Mine is delivered to Chasŏng Station for loading onto trains by means of a ropeway conveyor.^[3]

A yellow background in the "Distance" box indicates that section of the line is not electrified.