T. C. Cannon

T. C. Cannon
Self Portrait in the Studio, 1975, oil painting, 72 × 52 in., private collection
Born	Tommy Wayne Cannon (1946-09-27)September 27, 1946 Lawton, Oklahoma
Died	May 8, 1978(1978-05-08) (aged 31) Santa Fe, New Mexico
Nationality	Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma, American
Education	Institute of American Indian Arts; San Francisco Art Institute; Central State University
Known for	painting, printmaking
Movement	Native American art
Website	http://www.tccannon.com/

Tommy Wayne Cannon (Kiowa/Caddo, September 27, 1946 – May 8, 1978) was an important Native American artist of the 20th century. He was popularly known as T. C. Cannon. He was an enrolled member of the Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma and had Caddo and French ancestry.^[1]

Cannon grew up in Zodaltone and Gracemont, Oklahoma. His parents were Walter Cannon (Kiowa) and Minnie Ahdunko Cannon (Caddo). His Kiowa name, Pai-doung-a-day, means "One Who Stands in the Sun."^[2] He learned about the art of the Kiowa Six, a group of Native American painters who achieved international reputations in the fine art world and who helped to develop the Southern Plains Flatstyle of painting. Stephen Mopope and Lee Tsatoke Sr., grandson of Monroe Tsatoke, particularly influenced the young artist.^[3]

T. C. Cannon enrolled in the Institute of American Indian Arts (IAIA) in Santa Fe in 1964, where he studied painting with Fritz Scholder (Luiseño). After graduating from IAIA, he enrolled in the San Francisco Art Institute but left after two months and enlisted in the army.^[4]

As a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division, Cannon served in Vietnam from 1967 to 1968. During the Tet Offensive, he earned two Bronze Star Medals. He was also inducted into the Black Leggings Society, the Kiowa warriors' society.

While still stationed in Vietnam, Cannon had a breakthrough in his art career. Rosemary Ellison, curator of the Southern Plains Indian Museum in Anadarko, Oklahoma, included him in a major traveling exhibition Contemporary Southern Plains Indian Painting (1972).^[5]

In 1972, Cannon and fellow artist Fritz Scholder (Luiseño) had a two-man exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution's National Collection of Fine Arts, titled Two American Painters. In this exhibition, according to Janet Berlo and Ruth Phillips, Cannon and Scholder subverted visual stereotypes about Native Americans, creating an exploration "in irony and kitsch" which "opened up a new phase of contemporary art".^[6]

Cannon produced a large body of work over the next six years, in preparation for his one-man show, scheduled to open at the Aberbach Gallery in New York in October 1978. On May 8 of that year, he died in an automobile accident. After a delay, the show opened on December 10, 1979, as T.C. Cannon: A Memorial Exhibition. Featuring 50 works by Cannon, the show travelled to such locations as the Heard Museum, the New Mexico Museum of Art, and the Buffalo Bill Historical Center.

Cannon painted murals at the United Indians of All Tribes Foundation and the Daybreak Star Cultural Center in Seattle, Washington, and the Santa Fe Opera Guild.^[7]

Cannon was an artist-in-residence at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire; Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado; and the United States National Park Service. In 1988 he was posthumously inducted into the National Hall of Fame for Famous American Indians in Anadarko.^[7]

Tommy Wayne Cannon died in an automobile accident southeast of Santa Fe on May 8, 1978.^[7]

• Ellison, Rosemary (1969), "Contemporary Southern Plains Indian Art," Anadarko: Oklahoma Indian Arts and Crafts Cooperative.
• Frederick, Joan (1995), T. C. Cannon: He Stood in the Sun, Flagstaff, Arizona: Northland Publishing. ISBN 0-87358-603-4.
• Lester, Patrick D. (1995), The Biographical Directory of Native American Painters, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-9936-9
• Wallo, William (1990), T. C. Cannon: Native American (A New View of the West). Oklahoma City: The National Cowboy Hall of Fame.
• Marshall, Ann E. (2017), Of God and Mortal Men: T.C. Cannon, Museum of New Mexico Press, Santa Fe, NM, (October, 2017), ISBN 0890136289

• Bolen, Anne (Spring 2019). "An Art Revolution: T.C. Cannon Shows Native Life at The Edge Of America". National Museum of the American Indian. Vol. 20, no. 1. pp. 36–41.
• Benton, William (Autumn 1978). "T.C. Cannon: The Masked Dandy". American Indian Art Magazine. Vol. 3, no. 4. pp. 34–39.
• Kramer, Karen, ed. (2018). T.C. Cannon: At the Edge of America. Salem: Peabody Essex Museum. ISBN 978-0-87577-233-2.
• Gradwohl, David M. (1997). "Cemetery Symbols and Contexts of American Indian Identity: The Grave of Painter and Poet T.C. Cannon". Markers. XIV: vi–33.
• Rettig, David (Winter 1995). "T.C. Cannon". American Indian Art Magazine. Vol. 21, no. 1. pp. 56–57.
• Schjeldahl, Peter (April 15, 2019). "Ablaze: The early promise of T.C. Cannon". The Art World. The New Yorker. pp. 80–81. [Published online as "T.C. Cannon's Blazing Promise". The New Yorker. April 8, 2019.]
• Wallo, William; Pickard, John (September 1990). "T.C. Cannon". Southwest Art. Vol. 20, no. 4. pp. 68–76.