Timeline of Essen
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Essen, Germany.
Prior to 19th century
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- 845 – Essen Abbey founded (approximate date).
- 971 – Mathilde, granddaughter of Otto I becomes abbess of Essen Abbey.
- 1012 – Sophia, daughter of Otto II becomes abbottess of the Essen Stift.
- 1041 – Essen receives rights to a market.
- 1244 – The association of the ministeriales of the Essen Abbey and the citizens of the town of Essen arrange for the Essen town walls to be erected.
- 1316 – Essen Minster (church) dedicated.
- 1390 – Essener Schützenverein (militia) formed.[1]
- 1598 – Borbeck Castle rebuilt.[citation needed]
- 1736 – Neueste Essendische Nachrichten von Staats- und Gelehrten Sachen (Newest Essen News of State and Learned Matters) newspaper begins publication.
- 1797 – G. D. Baedeker Verlag bookseller in business.[2]
19th century
[edit]- 1802 – Area occupied by Prussian troops.
- 1803
- Essen Abbey secularized.[3]
- Franz Dinnendahl builds steam engine.
- 1810 – Krupp foundry in business.
- 1814 – Town becomes part of Prussia.[3]
- 1822 – Town becomes part of the Rhine Province.
- 1841 – Simon Hirschland Bank in business.
- 1847 – Essen-Bergeborbeck station opens.
- 1849 – Population: 8,813.[3]
- 1851 – Zollverein Coal Mine begins operating.
- 1862 – Essen Hauptbahnhof and Essen-Borbeck station open.
- 1866 – Fredebeul & Koenen booksellers in business.[2]
- 1870 – Synagogue consecrated.[4]
- 1871 – Town becomes part of the German Empire.
- 1872 – Neu-Westend developed.[5]
- 1873 – Villa Hügel (Krupp residence) built.
- 1875 – Population: 54,790.[3]
- 1880 – Historical Society for the City and Convent of Essen founded.
- 1881
- Essener Turnerbund athletic club formed.
- Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen (journal of city history) begins publication.[6]
- 1886 – Photographische Genossenschaft von Essen (photography group) founded.[7]
- 1892 – City Theatre opens.[8][9]
- 1893
- Electric tram begins operating.
- Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate headquartered in Essen.
- 1898 – Krupp's Essener Hof (hotel) built.
- 1899 – Essen Philharmonic Orchestra founded.[10]
20th century
[edit]1900s–1940s
[edit]- 1901
- Folkwang Museum founded.
- Heinrich Koppers AG in business.
- 1905 – Population: 229,270.[3]
- 1906
- Essen Art Museum founded.
- Gartenstadt Margarethenhöhe developed.
- 1908 – Moltkeviertel development begins.
- 1913
- New Synagogue built.[4]
- Albrecht's shop in business (later Aldi chain supermarket).
- 1920 – Consulate of Poland opens.[11]
- 1922 – Uhlenkrugstadion (stadium) built.
- 1923
- Rot-Weiss Essen football club active.
- French troops enter the city.
- 1924 – Filmstudio Glückauf (cinema) opens.
- 1925 – Essen/Mülheim Airport opens.[citation needed]
- 1927 – Grugapark Botanical Garden[12][13] and Folkwang School for the arts open.
- 1928 – Lichtburg Playhouse (cinema) opens.[14]
- 1929 – Werden becomes part of city.
- 1932 – Zollverein Mine Shaft 12 built.
- 1933 – Theodor Reismann-Grone becomes mayor.
- 1936 – Consulate of Poland relocated to Düsseldorf.[11]
- 1937 – Just Dillgardt becomes mayor.
- 1939 – Stadion an der Hafenstraße (stadium) built.
- 1942 – March: Bombing of Essen by Allied forces begins.
- 1944
- 2 January: Schwarze Poth forced labour camp established by the SS. Its prisoners were mostly Russians and Poles.[15]
- 17 May: Schwarze Poth forced labour camp converted into a subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp.[15]
- August: Humboldtstraße subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Jewish women.[16]
- 1945
- March: Schwarze Poth and Humboldtstraße subcamps of Buchenwald dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.[15][16]
- March: Bombing of Essen by Allied forces ends.
- 1946 – City becomes part of North Rhine-Westphalia.
- 1948
- Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
- Labour strike.[citation needed]
- 1949
- Essen I, Essen II, and Essen III parliamentary districts created.
- Hans Toussaint becomes mayor.
1950s–1990s
[edit]- 1951 – Amerikahaus built.
- 1957 – Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen founded.[17]
- 1958 – Grugahalle sports arena opens.
- 1961 – Sammlung Industrieform (museum) opens.[18]
- 1962 – City hosts the 1962 European Judo Championships.
- 1965
- City hosts Bundesgartenschau (national horticulture biennial).[19]
- Little Theatre founded.
- 1968 – Essen Motor Show begins.
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- 1975 – Kettwig becomes part of city.
- 1979 – Essen City Hall built.
- 1983 – Spiel, world's biggest non-electronic game trade fair begins.
- 1988 – Aalto Theatre opens.[20]
- 1989 – Annette Jäger becomes mayor.
- 1991 – Offener Kanal Essen television begins broadcasting.
- 1993 – City hosts the 1993 World Fencing Championships.
- 1994 – Stratmanns Theater Europahaus opens.
- 1996 – GOP Varieté Essen theatre opens.
- 1997 – Red Dot Design Museum active.
- 1999
- ThyssenKrupp conglomerate headquartered in city.
- Wolfgang Reiniger becomes mayor.
- 2000 – SGS Essen football club formed.
21st century
[edit]- 2001 – Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex becomes a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- 2002 – Abu Ali group, a jihadist cell with plans to bomb Jewish sites in Germany was arrested by the authorities
- 2003 – University of Duisburg-Essen established.
- 2009 – Reinhard Paß elected mayor.
- 2010 – City designated that year's European Capital of Culture on behalf of the entire Ruhr area.
- 2012
- Stadion Essen (stadium) opens.
- Population: 566,862.
- 2014 – June: Storm.
- 2017 - City designated that year's European Green Capital.
See also
[edit]- History of Essen
- List of mayors of Essen
- History of the Ruhr, includes timeline
- Urbanization in the German Empire
- Timelines of other cities in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia:(de) Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Dortmund, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Münster
References
[edit]- ^ Hermann Tallau (2008). "Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392". Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen (in German). Duderstadt: Mecke Druck und Verlag. ISBN 978-3-936617-85-6.
- ^ a b Allgemeines Adreßbuch für den deutschen Buchhandel ... 1870 (in German). Leipzig: O.A. Schulz. 1870.
- ^ a b c d e Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 778–779.
- ^ a b Shmuel Spector, ed. (2001). "Essen". Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust. USA: NYU Press. p. 370. ISBN 978-0-8147-9376-3.
- ^ Samuel M. Lindsay (1892). "Social Work at the Krupp Foundries, Essen, A. R., Germany". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 3: 74–106. JSTOR 1008598.
- ^ Historischer Verein für Stadt und Stift Essen, Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen (in German), ISSN 0341-9088
- ^ Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904). Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer.
- ^ Neuer Theater Almanach (in German). Berlin: Gunther & Sohn. 1909. hdl:2027/uva.x030515383.
- ^ Almanach 1919 der vereinigten Stadttheater Essens (in German), Essen: Fredebeul & Koenen, 1919
- ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- ^ a b Chałupczak, Henryk (2004). "Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego)". In Kaczmarek, Ryszard; Masnyk, Marek (eds.). Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939 (in Polish). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. p. 20.
- ^ "History". Grugapark Essen. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
- ^ "Garden Search: Germany". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ "Movie Theaters in Essen, Germany". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
- ^ a b c "Essen (Schwarze Poth)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Essen (Humboldtstraße)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ Paul Betts (2004). The Authority of Everyday Objects: A Cultural History of West German Industrial Design. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94135-9.
- ^ "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- ^ Don Rubin, ed. (2001). World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre. Vol. 1: Europe. Routledge. ISBN 9780415251570.
Bibliography
[edit]in English
[edit]- "Essen". Handbook for North Germany. London: J. Murray. 1877.
- "Essen", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany and Austria, London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1896
- "Essen", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 778–779.
- Eric D. Weitz (1985). "Social Continuity and Political Radicalization: Essen in the World War I Era". Social Science History. 9 (1): 49–69. doi:10.1017/s0145553200020307. JSTOR 1170918.
- John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Essen". Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia. Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8240-7644-3.
- K. James-Chakraborty (2008). "Inventing Industrial Culture in Essen". In Gavriel David Rosenfeld; Paul B. Jaskot (eds.). Beyond Berlin: Twelve German Cities Confront the Nazi Past. USA: University of Michigan Press. pp. 116+. ISBN 978-0-472-11611-9 – via HathiTrust. (fulltext)
in German
[edit]- F. Ph. Funcke (1848), Geschichte des Fürstenthums und der Stadt Essen [History of the principality and the city of Essen] (in German), H. Kamp, OCLC 38688441, OL 20454145M
- Paul Clemen, ed. (1893). Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt und des Kreises Essen. Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz (in German). Vol. 2. Dusseldorf: Schwann.
- T. Kellen (1902). Industriestadt Essen in Wort und Bild (in German). Essen-Ruhr: Fredebeul & Koenen.
- P. Krauss; E. Uetrecht, eds. (1913). "Essen". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
- Essen, Deutscher Städteatlas (in German), vol. 4, Institut für vergleichende Städtegeschichte, 1989, ISBN 3891150008
External links
[edit]
Media related to Essen at Wikimedia Commons- Europeana. Items about Essen, various dates.
51°27′03″N 7°00′47″E / 51.450833°N 7.013056°E
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