Timeline of Nicosia
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nicosia, Cyprus.
Prior to 14th century
[edit]| History of Cyprus |
|---|
 |
 Cyprus portal |
- 7th C. BCE - City-kingdom called "Ledra."[1][2]
- 280 BCE - Leucos, son of Ptolemy I Soter restored it and "changed its name to Leuteon, Leucotheon or Levcosia".[2]
- 4th C. CE - Bishopric established.[1]
- 10th C. CE - City becomes capital of island (approximate date); city called "Lefkosia."[1]
- 1187 - Nicosia besieged by forces of Richard I of England.[citation needed]
- 1192
- 11 April: Uprising against Knights Templar.
- City becomes capital of the Kingdom of Cyprus under the French Lusignans.[1]
- 1211 - Royal Palace of the Lusignans rebuilt.[3]
14th–18th centuries
[edit]- 1308 - Notre Dame de Tyre rebuilt.
- 1326 - Agia Sofia Cathedral inaugurated.[2]
- 1330 - 10 November: Flood.[4]
- 1372 - City walls built.[4]
- 1489 - Venetians in power.[1]
- 1491 - Earthquake.[4]
- 1567 - Area of city reduced;[2] Venetian walls and Kyrenia Gate built.
- 1570
- 9 September: City besieged; Turks in power.[4]
- 15 September: Selimiye Mosque established.[4]
- 1572 - Büyük Han built.[5]
- 1573 - Great Madrasah (school) built.
- 1665 - Saint John's Cathedral built.[1]
- 1793 - Hadjigeorgakis Kornesios Mansion built.
19th century
[edit]- 1812
- Ethnographic Museum of Cyprus founded.[2]
- Hellenic School of Nicosia founded.
- 1857 - Faneromeni School established.
- 1859 - 29 October: Flood.[4]
- 1863 - Rüşdiye (school) opens.[6]
- 1872 - Faneromeni Church built.
- 1878 - City becomes capital of British Cyprus per Cyprus Convention.[1]
- 1882 - Christodoulos Severis becomes mayor of Nicosia Municipality.
- 1883 - Cyprus Museum established.[7]
- 1885 - Population: 11,513.[8]
- 1892 - Sourp Boghos (chapel) built.
20th century
[edit]- 1901 - Population: 14,752.[2]
- 1912 - Population: 16,400.[3]
- 1915 - Venetian Column installed in Sarayonu Square.[1]
- 1926 - Football Club of Greeks of Nicosia formed.
- 1927 - Public Library of Nicosia established.[9]
- 1931
- Greek Cypriot Enosis unrest.
- Olympiakos Nicosia football club formed.
- 1933 - Criminal Museum founded.
- 1937
- Cyprus Folk Museum founded.
- Government House rebuilt.
- 1939 - Nicosia General Hospital inaugurated.
- 1945 - Cyprus Mail English-language newspaper begins publication.
- 1946 - Population: 34,485.[10]
- 1948 - Athletic Club Omonia Nicosia (football club) formed.
- 1949
- Ledra Palace Hotel in business.[1]
- Neos dēmokratēs newspaper begins publication.[11]
- Nicosia Airport terminal building opens.
- 1955 - National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters attack British properties.
- 1956
- Archbishop's Palace built.
- Fence erected between Greek and Turkish communities.[12]
- 1958 - Nicosia Turkish Municipality established.[12]
- 1959 - Diomedes Skettos becomes mayor.
1960s–1970s
[edit]- 1960
- City becomes capital of Republic of Cyprus.
- Makhi newspaper begins publication.
- Hadjigeorgakis Kornesios Mansion (museum) opens.
- 1963
- City divided by the Green Line.[12]
- Central Bank of Cyprus headquartered in city.
- 1967
- Nicosia Municipal Theatre opens.[13]
- 20 April: Airplane crash.
- 1969
- Nicosia municipal gardens laid out.
- Cyprus Popular Bank branch opens.[citation needed]
- 1970 - Theatrical Organization of Cyprus established.
- 1971 - Lellos Demetriades becomes mayor.
- 1974
- 15 July: 1974 Cypriot coup d'état at Presidential Palace.
- 20 July: Turkish invasion.[14]
- Battle of Nicosia Airport
- 14 August: Turks in power in northern quarter of Nicosia.
- 16 August: Tank battle in northern quarter of Nicosia.
- United Nations Buffer Zone established.[12]
- United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus headquartered in Lakatamia.
- Christoforos Kithreotis becomes mayor, succeeded by Lellos Demetriades.
- 1975 - North Nicosia becomes capital of de facto Turkish Federated State of Cyprus.
- 1977
- Nicosia International Airport commercial flights end.
- Presidential Palace rebuilt.
- 1978 - Makario Stadium opens.
1980s–1990s
[edit]- 1980
- Lefkotheo sports arena and Pantheon Cineplex open.[15]
- University of Nicosia established.
- 1982 - Population: 180,000 (estimate).[16]
- 1983 - North Nicosia becomes capital of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
- 1984 - Leventis Municipal Museum of Nicosia established.
- 1985 - State Library of Cyprus opens.[9]
- 1989 - University of Cyprus established.
- 1994 - Nicosia Municipal Arts Centre inaugurated.[17]
- 1995 - Museum of the History of Cypriot Coinage established.[18]
- 1996
- Cyprus Stock Exchange headquartered in city.
- Cyprus Museum of Natural History inaugurated.[19]
- Shacolas Tower built.
- 1999 - GSP Stadium opens.
21st century
[edit]- 2001
- Nicosia Master Plan enacted (urban planning).[12]
- Population: 254,032 (estimate: 206,200 Greek side; 47,832 Turkish side).[20]
- 2002 - Kutlay Erk becomes mayor of North Nicosia.
- 2003 - 23 April: Green Line checkpoint at Ledra Palace established.[21][22]
- 2004
- Cyprus International Film Festival begins.
- 1 May: Cyprus becomes part of the European Union.
- 2005 - Hamam Omerye Baths restored.[23]
- 2006
- Cemal Metin Bulutoğluları becomes mayor of North Nicosia.
- Population: 398,293.
- 2008
- 3 April: Ledra Street crossing reopens.[24][25]
- Intercultural Centre Nicosia established.[26]
- 2011 - 15 October: Occupy Buffer Zone protest begins.
- 2012 - 2 January: Constantinos Yiorkadjis becomes mayor.[27]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i Farid Mirbagheri (2009), Historical Dictionary of Cyprus, Lanham, Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 9780810855267
- ^ a b c d e f Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b Baedeker 1912.
- ^ a b c d e f Joseph Turner Hutchinson; Claude Delaval Cobham (1907), A Handbook of Cyprus, London: Edward Stanford, OL 14010779M
- ^ Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006), Medieval Islamic Civilization, Routledge, ISBN 9780415966917
- ^ Netice Yıldız (2009), "The Vakf Institution in Ottoman Cyprus", in Michalis N. Michael; et al. (eds.), Ottoman Cyprus, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, ISBN 9783447058995
- ^ John Linton Myres; Max Ohnefalsch-Richter (1899), Catalogue of the Cyprus Museum, Oxford: Clarendon Press, OL 7172407M
- ^ Cyprus guide and directory. Limassol: J.W. Williamson. 1885.
- ^ a b World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services (3rd ed.). American Library Association. 1993. ISBN 9780838906095.
- ^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
- ^ "Nicosia (Cyprus) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Oktay 2007.
- ^ "Four hundred productions: A review of the plays staged by the Cyprus Theatre Organisation". Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
- ^ "The Nicosia Battle Scene: Shells, Bombs, Paratroops", New York Times, 21 July 1974
- ^ "Cinemas in Cyprus". CyprusNet.com. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Nicosia Municipal Arts Centre". Lefkosia: Pierides Foundation. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012.
- ^ "Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation". Retrieved 19 March 2013.
- ^ "Cyprus Museum of Natural History". Photiades Natural Museum. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
- ^ Stanley 2008.
- ^ "Emotion as Cyprus border opens". BBC News. 23 April 2003. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
- ^ "Nicosia Journal; On a Severed Street in Cyprus, the Healing Begins". New York Times. 9 May 2003.
- ^ ArchNet.org. "Nicosia District". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on 14 April 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
- ^ "Symbolic Cyprus crossing reopens". BBC News. 3 April 2008.
- ^ "Edging Closer in Cyprus's Divided Capital". New York Times. 18 May 2008.
- ^ "Intercultural Centre Nicosia". European Urban Knowledge Network. Archived from the original on 14 April 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
- ^ "Constantinos Yiorkadjis". Nicosia Municipality. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
This article incorporates information from the Turkish Wikipedia.
Bibliography
[edit]- Published in 19th century
- Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Nicosia", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
- Franz von Löher; Mrs. A. Batson Joyner (1878), "Nikosia", Cyprus, Historical and Descriptive, London: W.H. Allen, OCLC 156001455
- "Nicosia". Bradshaw's Monthly Continental Railway, Steam Transit, and General Guide, for Travellers Through Europe. London: Adams & Sons. 1887.
- Published in 20th century
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 665.
- "Nikosia", Palestine and Syria (5th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1912
- A. O. Green (1914), "(Nicosia)", Cyprus: a Short Account of its History and Present State, Kilmacolm, Scotland: M. Graham Coltart
- A.L. Salvator (1983). Levkosia: The capital of Cyprus. London: Trigraph.
- R. Zetter (1985). "City profile: Nicosia". Cities. 2. doi:10.1016/0264-2751(85)90059-9.
- Kevor Krikor Keshishian (1990), Nicosia, Capital of Cyprus Then and Now (2nd ed.), Nicosia, Cyprus: Moufflon Book and Art Centre
- B. Mumtaz (1998). "Revitalising Nicosia: A community- based approach to urban renovation". Trialog. 58.
- Published in 21st century
- G. Constantinides; G. Ozen (2004), Nicosia Master Plan - New Vision for the Core of Nicosia: Final Report, Nicosia: UNDP-UNOPS Programme Management Unit
- Yiannis Papadakis (2006). "Nicosia after 1960: A River, A Bridge and a Dead Zone". GMJ: Mediterranean Edition. 1.
- Derya Oktay (2007). "An Analysis and Review of the Divided City of Nicosia, Cyprus, and New Perspectives". Geography. 92. UK: Geographical Association.
- "Liminal Zones: the Nicosia Seminar". Republic of Cyprus, Council for Reconstruction and Resettlement. 2008.
- Bruce E. Stanley; Michael R.T. Dumper, eds. (2008), "Nicosia", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, p. 275+, ISBN 9781576079195
- Gisela Welz (2013). "Lefkosia/Lefkosa: Europeanisation and the politics of culture in a divided city". In Kiran Klaus Patel (ed.). Cultural Politics of Europe: European Capitals of Culture and European Union Since the 1980s. Routledge. p. 198+. ISBN 9780203081082.
- Birtachas, Stathis, Κοινωνία, πολιτισμός και διακυβέρνηση στο βενετικό Κράτος της Θάλασσας: Το παράδειγμα της Κύπρου [Society, Culture and Government in the Venetian Maritime State: The case of Cyprus], Thessaloniki: Vanias, 2011. [in Greek]
- Birtachas, Stathis, Βενετική Κύπρος (1489–1571): Οι Εκθέσεις των αξιωματούχων του ανώτατου διοικητικού σχήματος της κτήσης / Venetian Cyprus: The Reports by the dominion’s supreme administrative officials, Thessaloniki: Epikentro, 2019. [bilingual edition]
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Nicosia.
- "History of Nicosia". Nicosia Municipality.
- Europeana. Items related to Nicosia, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Nicosia, various dates
- Nicosia Tourism Guide