Venus figurines of Kostyonki

The Venus figurines of Kostenki are prehistoric representations of the female body, usually in ivory and usually dated to between 25,000 and 20,000 years ago, making them part of the Gravettian industry of the Upper Palaeolithic period. Found in the Kostyonki-Borshchyovo archeological complex in Russia, these Venus figurines are now in the Hermitage Museum.^[1][2]

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  A Kostyonki figurine
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  Venus 1
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  Venus 3

• Gvozdover, M. D. (1989). "The Typology of Female Figurines of the Kostenki Paleolithic Culture". Soviet Anthropology and Archeology. 27 (4): 32–94. doi:10.2753/AAE1061-1959270432.
• Volkova, Y. S. (2013). "An Experimental Technological Study of Upper Paleolithic Kostenki-type Figurines". Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia. 41 (3): 33–39. doi:10.1016/j.aeae.2014.03.005. ISSN 1563-0110.
• Hoffecker, John F.; Anikovich, M. V. (2014), "Kostenki: Geography and Culture", in Smith, Claire (ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, Springer, pp. 4319–4323, doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_1876, ISBN 978-1-4419-0465-2, retrieved 2020-05-06
• Hoffecker, John F. (2002). "The Eastern Gravettian "Kostenki Culture" as an Arctic adaptation". Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska. New Series. 2: 115–136.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Venuses of Kostenki.

• Venus of Kostenky, Encyclopedia of Stone Age Art
• Venus figures from the Kostenki–Borshevo region on the Don River, Don's Maps