Visa requirements for Turkish citizens

Visa requirements for Turkish citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Turkey.

There are four types of Turkish passports: Ordinary Passport, Special Passport, Service Passport and Diplomatic Passport.

As of 2024, Turkish citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 118 countries and territories, ranking the Turkish passport 52nd in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.^[1]

Turkey is the only EU candidate country whose citizens are still required visas for their travels to the European Union member countries. Turkish passport along with Russian passport are the highest ranking passports whose holders are still required visas for their travels to the European Union, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada.

Country	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Afghanistan	Visa required[2]
Albania	Visa not required[3]	90 days
Algeria	Visa required[4]
Andorra	Visa required[5]	90 days	Because this landlocked country has no airport of its own, you need to arrive in France or Spain first and visas are required to enter into these countries.
Angola	Visa not required[6]	30 days	Maximum 3 entries per calendar year[7]
Antigua and Barbuda	Visa not required[8]	180 days
Argentina	Visa not required[9]	90 days
Armenia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[10][11]	120 days
Australia	Visa required[12][13]		May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).
Austria	Visa required[14]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Azerbaijan	Visa not required[16]	90 days	ID card valid.[17] If staying more than 15 days, visitors staying outside hotels must register with local police.
Bahamas	Visa not required[18]	8 months
Bahrain	eVisa / Visa on arrival[19]	14 days
Bangladesh	Visa on arrival[20]	30 days
Barbados	Visa not required[21]	6 months
Belarus	Visa not required[22]	30 days
Belgium	Visa required[23]		Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
Belize	Visa not required[25]	90 days
Benin	eVisa[26][27]	30 days	Must have an international vaccination certificate.
Bhutan	eVisa[28][29]
Bolivia	Visa not required[30]	90 days
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Visa not required[31]	90 days	90 days within any 6-month period.
Botswana	Visa not required[32]	90 days
Brazil	Visa not required[33]	90 days
Brunei	Visa not required[34]	30 days
Bulgaria	Visa required[35]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Burkina Faso	eVisa required[36][37]
Burundi	Visa on arrival[38]	1 month
Cambodia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[39][40]	30 days
Cameroon	eVisa[41][42]
Canada	Visa required[43]
Cape Verde	Visa on arrival[44]
Central African Republic	Visa required[45]
Chad	Visa required[46]
Chile	Visa not required[47]	90 days
China	Visa required[48]		Single-person tourist visas are not issued.[49] 24-hour visa-free transit through any international airports of China (except Ürümqi), allows domestic travel through different airports.[51]
Colombia	Visa not required[52]	90 days	90 days - extendable up to 180-day stay within a 1-year period.
Comoros	Visa on arrival[53]	45 days
Republic of the Congo	Visa required[54]
Democratic Republic of the Congo	eVisa[55][56]	7 days
Costa Rica	Visa not required[57]	90 days
Côte d'Ivoire	eVisa[58][59]	3 months	e-Visa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.
Croatia	Visa required[60]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Cuba	eVisa[61]	90 days	Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee.
Cyprus	Visa required[62]		Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
Czech Republic	Visa required[63]		Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
Denmark	Visa required[64]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Djibouti	eVisa[65][66]	90 days
Dominica	Visa not required[67]	21 days
Dominican Republic	Visa not required[68]	90 days
Ecuador	Visa not required[69]	90 days
Egypt	Visa on arrival[70][71]		Visa not required when travelling as part of the tourist group that consists of at least 10 persons. Visa may be granted on arrival for USD25.[72][73]
El Salvador	Visa not required[74]	3 months
Equatorial Guinea	Visa not required[75]	90 days
Eritrea	Visa required[76]
Estonia	Visa required[77]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Eswatini	Visa not required[78]	30 days
Ethiopia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[79][80]	up to 90 days	e-Visa holders must arrive via Addis Ababa Bole International Airport.
Fiji	Visa not required[81]	4 months
Finland	Visa required[82]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
France	Visa required[83]		Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
Gabon	eVisa[84][85]	90 days	e-Visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.
Gambia	Visa required[86]
Georgia	Visa not required[87]	360 days[88]	ID card valid.[89]
Germany	Visa required[90]		Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
Ghana	Visa required[91]
Greece	Visa required[92]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15] Simplified visa for 7 days for the following islands: Chios, Lesbos, Rhodes, Samos, Kos, Kastellorizo, Lemnos, Leros, Kalymnos, Symi, Patmos.[93][94]
Grenada	Visa required[95]
Guatemala	Visa not required[96]	90 days
Guinea	eVisa[97][98]	90 days
Guinea-Bissau	Visa on arrival[99]	90 days
Guyana	Visa required[100]
Haiti	Visa not required[101]	90 days
Honduras	Visa not required[102]	3 months
Hungary	Visa required[103]
Iceland	Visa required[104]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
India	Visa required[105]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Indonesia	e-VOA / Visa on arrival[106]	30 days[107]
Iran	Visa not required[108]	3 months
Iraq	eVisa[109]		Without visa for people under 15 and above 50 until 30 days [110] An entry visa is issued for a 15-day stay if arriving through Erbil International Airport or Sulaymaniyah International Airport.[111] Valid in Iraqi Kurdistan Region only. You can apply for an e-Visa (30 days) to visit the Iraqi Kurdistan Region.[112]
Ireland	Visa required[113]		May transit without a visa.[114] National visa may be substituted with a UK C visa holders. Entry permitted only if first point of entry to the Common Travel Area is in the UK.[115][116]
Israel	Visa required[117]		Visa may be issued free of charge to Turkish citizens at Israeli diplomatic missions.[118]
Italy	Visa required[119]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Jamaica	Visa not required[120]	90 days
Japan	Visa not required[121]	90 days
Jordan	Visa not required[122]	3 months
Kazakhstan	Visa not required[123]	30 days
Kenya	Electronic Travel Authorisation[124][125]	90 days	Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance. eTA fee is USD 32.50. Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable). Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
Kiribati	Visa required[126]
North Korea	Visa required[127]
South Korea	Electronic Travel Authorization[128][129]	90 days	The validity period of a K-ETA is 3 years from the date of approval.[130]
Kuwait	eVisa / Visa on arrival[131][132]	3 months
Kyrgyzstan	Visa not required[133][134][135]	90 days
Laos	eVisa / Visa on arrival[136][137]	30 days
Latvia	Visa required[138]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Lebanon	Visa not required[139]	1 months	Extendable for 1 additional month. Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
Lesotho	eVisa[140][141]
Liberia	Visa required[142]
Libya	eVisa[143][144]		Persons with passports indication previous travel to Israel will be denied entry to Libya.
Liechtenstein	Visa required[145]
Lithuania	Visa required[146]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Luxembourg	Visa required[147]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Madagascar	Visa on arrival[148]	60 days
Malawi	eVisa[149][150]	90 days
Malaysia	Visa not required[151]	3 months
Maldives	Free visa on arrival[152]	30 days
Mali	Visa required[153]
Malta	Visa required[154]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Marshall Islands	Visa on arrival[155]	90 days
Mauritania	Visa on arrival[156]		Available at Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport.
Mauritius	Visa not required[157]	90 days
Mexico	Electronic Authorization System[158][159]	180 days	180 days visa free if holding a valid visa for Canada, Japan, USA, United Kingdom or a Schengen member state.
Micronesia	Visa not required[160]	30 days
Moldova	Visa not required[161]	90 days	90 days within any 180 day period. ID card valid[162]
Monaco	Visa required[163]
Mongolia	Visa not required[164]	30 days
Montenegro	Visa not required[165]	90 days
Morocco	Visa not required[166]	3 months
Mozambique	eVisa / Visa on arrival[167][168]	30 days
Myanmar	eVisa[169][170]	28 days	e-Visa holders must arrive via Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airports or via land border crossings with Thailand — Tachileik, Myawaddy and Kawthaung or India — Rih Khaw Dar and Tamu. e-Visa is available for tourism only.
Namibia	Visa on arrival[171]	90 days
Nauru	Visa required[172]
Nepal	Online Visa / Visa on arrival[173]	90 days[174]
Netherlands	Visa required[175]		Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
New Zealand	Visa required[176]		Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[177]
Nicaragua	Visa not required[178]	90 days
Niger	Visa required[179]
Nigeria	eVisa[180][181]	90 days
North Macedonia	Visa not required[182]	90 days
Norway	Visa required[183]		Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
Oman	Visa not required / eVisa[184][185]	14 days / 30 days
Pakistan	eVisa[186]	90 days	Issued free of charge as of August 2024.
Palau	Visa on arrival[187]	30 days
Panama	Visa not required[188]	90 days
Papua New Guinea	eVisa[189][190]	60 days	Visitors may apply for a visa online under the "Tourist - Own Itinerary" category.
Paraguay	Visa not required[191]	90 days
Peru	Visa not required[192]	183 days
Philippines	Visa not required[193]	30 days
Poland	Visa required[194]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Portugal	Visa required[195]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Qatar	Visa not required[196]	90 days
Romania	Visa required[197]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Russia	eVisa[198][199]	16 days
Rwanda	eVisa / Visa on arrival[200][201]	30 days
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Visa not required[202]	3 months
Saint Lucia	Visa not required[203]	6 weeks
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Visa not required[204]	3 month
Samoa	Free entry permit on arrival[205]	60 days
San Marino	Visa required[206]
São Tomé and Príncipe	Visa not required[207]	15 days[208]
Saudi Arabia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[209][210]	90 days
Senegal	Visa on arrival[211]	90 days
Serbia	Visa not required[212]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period.
Seychelles	Electronic Border System[213][214]	3 months	Application can be submitted up to 30 days before travel. Visitors must upload a reservation confirmation(s) for each visitor's location of stay in Seychelles. Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries. Payment of the fee (EUR 10) by credit or debit card. Valid for one journey only and it expires once exit the country.
Sierra Leone	eVisa / Visa on arrival[215][216]	3 months / 30 days
Singapore	Visa not required[217]	30 days
Slovakia	Visa required[218]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Slovenia	Visa required[219]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Solomon Islands	Visa required[220]
Somalia	Visa on arrival[221]	30 days	Available at Bosaso Airport, Galcaio Airport and Mogadishu Airport.
South Africa	Visa not required[222]	30 days
South Sudan	eVisa[223][224]		Obtainable online. Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
Spain	Visa required[225]		Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
Sri Lanka	eVisa / Visa on arrival[226][227]	60 days / 30 days	The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6 month period.[228] Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa): SAARC - USD 35 Non SAARC - USD 75 e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee. If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period).
Sudan	Visa on arrival[229]	1 month	Only if arriving directly from Turkey.
Suriname	Visa not required[230][231]	90 days	An entrance fee of USD 25 or EUR 25 must be paid online prior to arrival.[232] Multiple entry e-Visa is also available.[233]
Sweden	Visa required[234]		May transit through airside without a visa.[15]
Switzerland	Visa required[235]		Holders of Turkish ordinary passports who hold a valid visa for a Member State of the European Economic Area, Canada, Japan, Switzerland or the United States or; hold a valid residence permit issued by a Member State of the European Economic Area and Switzerland or; hold a residence permit issued by Andorra, Canada, Japan, Republic of San Marino, or the United States, that guarantees unrestricted right of return or; are a family member of a citizen of the EEA member or Switzerland or; are a flight crew may be exempt from the airport transit visa requirement.[24][15]
Syria	Visa required[236][237]
Tajikistan	Visa required[238][239]
Tanzania	eVisa / Visa on arrival[240][241]	90 days
Thailand	Visa not required[242]	60 days
Timor-Leste	Visa on arrival[243]	30 days
Togo	eVisa[244][245]	15 days
Tonga	Visa on arrival[246]	31 days
Trinidad and Tobago	Visa not required[247]	90 days
Tunisia	Visa not required[248]	3 months
Turkmenistan	Visa required[249]
Tuvalu	Visa on arrival[250]	1 month
Uganda	eVisa[251][252]	3 months	Determined at the port of entry.
Ukraine	Visa not required[253]	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period. ID card valid[254]
United Arab Emirates	Visa required[255]		May apply using 'Smart service'.[256]
United Kingdom	Visa required[257]		Turkish citizens who hold a valid entry visa for Australia, Canada, New Zealand or the United States, and a valid airline ticket for travel via the United Kingdom, as part of a journey to or from one of those countries and/or are permanent residents of the European Economic Area, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Switzerland and the United States do not need a Direct Airside Transit visa or Visitor in Transit visa.[258][259]
United States	Visa required[260]		Tourist visas are issued with validity of up to 10 years.[261]
Uruguay	Visa not required[262]	90 days
Uzbekistan	Visa not required[263]	30 days
Vanuatu	Visa not required[264]	30 days
Vatican City	Visa required[265]
Venezuela	Visa not required[266]	90 days
Vietnam[267][268]	eVisa		Phú Quốc without a visa for up to 30 days.[269]
Yemen	Visa required[270]
Zambia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[271][272]	90 days
Zimbabwe	Visa on arrival[273]	30 days

Visa requirements for Turkish citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Africa

•  Eritrea (outside Asmara) — Visa covers Asmara only; to travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).^[274]
•  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara controlled territory) — Visa not required up to 3 months.^[275]
•  Somaliland — Visa issued on arrival (30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival also permission from the federal government of Somalia is required).^[276]
•  Sudan — All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.^[277]
• Darfur — Separate travel permit is required.^[277]

Asia

•  Hong Kong — Visa not required for 90 days.^[278]
•  India — Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Mizoram, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.^{[279][280][281]}
•  Kazakhstan — Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.^[282]
• Kish Island — Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.^[283]
•  Macao — Visa not required for 30 days.^[284]
• Sabah and Sarawak — These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.^[285]
• Maldives — With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.^[286]
•  North Korea outside Pyongyang – People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
•  Palestine — Visa not required. Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.^[287]
• Mecca and Medina — Non-Muslims and those following the Ahmadiyya religious movement are strictly prohibited from entry.^[288]
•  Taiwan — Visa on arrival for 30 days. Also eligible for an eVisa.^[289]
• Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province — OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.^{[290][291][292]}
•  Turkmenistan — A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.^[293]
• Tibet Autonomous Region — Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).

^[294]

• Korean Demilitarized Zone — restricted zone.
• UNDOF Zone and Ghajar — restricted zones.
• Phú Quốc — can visit without a visa for up to 30 days.^[269]
•  Yemen — Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.^[295]

Caribbean and North Atlantic

•  Anguilla — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Canada, USA or United Kingdom visa.^[296]
•  Aruba — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.^[297]
• Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.^[298]
•  Bermuda — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry US, UK or Canada visa.^[299]
•  British Virgin Islands — Visa not required - 30 days.^[300]
•  Cayman Islands — Visa required. Possible to visit with US Green Card if arriving directly from USA.^[301]
•  Colombia — Visitors arriving at San Andrés must buy tourist cards on arrival.^[302]
•  Curacao — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit .^[303]
•  Montserrat — Visa required - eVisa Application Possible. Possible to visit with a multiple entry EU Member State, Canada or USA visa.^[304]
•  Greenland — Visa required.^[305]
• Margarita Island — All visitors are fingerprinted.^[306]
•  Puerto Rico — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry US visa ^[307]
•  Saint Barthelemy — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.^[308]
•  Saint Martin — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.^[308]
•  Saint Pierre and Miquelon — Visa required. Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.^[308]
•  Sint Maarten — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.^[309]
•  Turks and Caicos Islands — Visa not required ^[310]
•  U.S. Virgin Islands — Visa required - Possible to visit with a multiple entry US visa ^[311]

Europe

•  Abkhazia — Visa required.^[312]
• Mount Athos — Special permit required (4 days: EUR 25 for Orthodox visitors, EUR 35 for non-Orthodox visitors, EUR 18 for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.^[313][314]
•  Republic of Crimea — Visa regime of Russia is applied.^[315]
•  Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus — unlimited access;. ID card valid^[316]
• UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus — Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.^[317]
•  Faroe Islands — Visa required.^[318]
•  Gibraltar — Visa required.^[319]
•  Guernsey – Visa required.^[320]
•  Alderney – Visa required.^[320]
•  Sark – Visa required.^[320]
•  Isle of Man — Visa required.^[321][322]
• Jan Mayen — Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours^[323] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.^[324]
•  Jersey – Visa required.^[325]
•  Kosovo — Visa free for 90 days.^[326]
• Closed cities and regions in Russia — special authorization required.^[327]
•  South Ossetia — Visa free. Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.^[328][329]
•  Transnistria — Visa free. Registration required after 24h.^[330]

Oceania

•  American Samoa — Visa required (entry permit).^[331]
• Ashmore and Cartier Islands — special authorisation required.^[332]
• Clipperton Island — special permit required.^[333]
•  Cook Islands — Visa free access for 31 days.^[334]
• Lau Province — Special permission required. If you are traveling to the Lau group of islands by yacht, you need special permission from your first port of entry into Fiji.^[335]
•  French Polynesia — Visa required.^[308]
•  Guam — Visa required.^[336]
•  New Caledonia — Visa required.^[308]
•  Niue — Visa on arrival valid for 30 days is issued free of charge.^[337]
•  Northern Mariana Islands — Visa required.^[338]
•  Pitcairn Islands — 14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.^{[339][340][341]}
•  Tokelau — Visa required (entry permit).^[342]
• United States Minor Outlying Islands — special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.^{[343][344][345][346][347][348][349]}
•  Wallis and Futuna — Visa required. Possible to visit with a multiple entry Schengen visa or an EU residence permit.^[308]

South America

• Galápagos — Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.^[350]

South Atlantic and Antarctica

•  Falkland Islands — Visitor Permit valid for 4 weeks is issued on arrival.
•  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
  •  Ascension Island — eVisa for 3 months within any year period.^[351][352]
  •  Saint Helena — eVisa.^[353][354]
  •  Tristan da Cunha — Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht / ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.^[355]
•  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands — Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours / 1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).^[356][357]
• Antarctica and adjacent islands — special permits required for  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.^{[358][359][360][361][362][363][364][365][366][367][368]}
•  Arab League — Certain countries will deny access to holders of Israeli visas or passport stamps of Israel because of the Arab League boycott of Israel.

Turkey has the 3rd largest diplomatic network in the world with 252 diplomatic and consular missions.^[369]

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.^[370] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year^[371] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.^[372]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.^[373][374]

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens^[375][376] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).^[377]

Some countries, such as Japan,^[378] Ireland and the United Kingdom,^[379] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,^[380] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,^[381] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,^[382] Philippines,^[383] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.^[384]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives^[385] and South Africa.

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,^[386] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.^[387]

Kuwait,^[388] Lebanon,^[389] Libya,^[390] Syria,^[391] and Yemen^[392] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017^[update]) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.^{[citation needed]}

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.^[393]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,^[394][395] Argentina,^[396] Brunei, Cambodia,^[397] China,^[398] Ethiopia,^[399] Ghana, Guinea,^[400] India, Japan,^[401][402] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),^[403] Malaysia upon entry and departure,^[404] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,^[405] Singapore, South Korea,^[406] Taiwan, Thailand,^[407] Uganda,^[408] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),^{[409][410][411]} intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.^[412]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports^[413] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.^[414][415] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.^[416] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.^[417][418]

• Turkish passport
• Visa policy of Turkey
• Foreign relations of Turkey