1923 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1923.

Plants[edit]

Conifers[edit]

Araucariaceae[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Araucarioxylon texense^[2]	Sp nov		Torrey	Cretaceous Comanchean	Glen Rose Formation	US Texas	An araucarian wood morphospecies	Araucarioxylon texense

†Cheirolepidiaceae[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Brachyoxylon comanchense^[2]	Sp nov		Torrey	Cretaceous Comanchean	Glen Rose Formation	US Texas	A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphospecies	Brachyoxylon comanchense
Brachyoxylon raritanense^[2]	Sp nov		Torrey	Cretaceous Turonian	Raritan Formation	US New Jersey	A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphospecies	Brachyoxylon raritanense
Brachyoxylon woodworthianum^[2]	Sp nov		Torrey	Cretaceous Turonian	Raritan Formation	US Massachusetts	A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphospecies	Brachyoxylon woodworthianum
Telephragmoxylon brachyphylloides^[2]	Sp nov		Torrey	Cretaceous Comanchean		US Texas	A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphospecies Location given as "Weatherford, Texas"	Telephragmoxylon brachyphylloides
Telephragmoxylon comanchense^[2]	Sp nov		Torrey	Cretaceous Comanchean		US Texas	A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphospecies Location given as "Weatherford, Texas"	Telephragmoxylon comanchense
Voltzioxylon^[2]	Gen et sp nov	jr synonym	Torrey	Triassic Late Triassic	Dockum group	US Texas	A cheirolepidiaceous wood morphogenus Considered a jr synonym of Protocupressinoxylon (1949) The type species is V. dockumense	Protocupressinoxylon dockumense

Cupressaceae[edit]

Name	Novelty	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Metacupressinoxylon^[2]	Gen et comb nov	Torrey	Jurassic		UK England	A cupressaceous wood morphogenus The type species is Paracupressinoxylon cedroides (1913)
Paracupressinoxylon trinitense^[2]	Sp nov	Torrey	Cretaceous Comanchean	Trinity Group	US Texas	A cupressaceous wood morphospecies location given as "near Weatherford, Texas"	Paracupressinoxylon trinitense
Sequoioxylon^[2]	Gen, sp, et comb nov	Torrey	Cretaceous Maastrichtian	Laramie Formation	US Montana	A redwood wood morphogenus The type species is S. montanense Includes the new species S. dakotense, S. laramense Also includes Sequoia burgessii (1903)	Sequoioxylon montanense

Pinaceae[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Abies longirostris^[3]^[4]	Sp nov	jr Synonym	Knowlton	Oligocene Chattian	Creede Formation	US Colorado	A possible bristlecone fir species A jr synonym of Abies rigida (1990)
Abies rigida^[3]^[4]	Sp nov	valid	Knowlton	Oligocene Chattian	Creede Formation	US Colorado	A possible bristlecone fir species	Abies rigida
Pinus coloradensis^[3]^[4]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Knowlton	Oligocene Chattian	Creede Formation	US Colorado	A bristle cone pine species A jr synonym of Pinus crossii (1990)
Pinus crossii^[3]^[4]	Sp nov	Valid	Knowlton	Oligocene Chattian	Creede Formation	US Colorado	A bristle cone pine species
Pinus similis^[3]^[4]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Knowlton	Oligocene Chattian	Creede Formation	US Colorado	A bristle cone pine species A jr synonym of Pinus crossii (1990)
Pityoxylon scituatensiforme^[2]	Comb nov		(Bailey) Torrey	Cretaceous Turonian	Raritan Formation	US New Jersey	A pinaceous wood morphospecies Moved from Pinus scituatensiforme (1911)	Pityoxylon scituatensiforme
Pseudotsuga annulata^[2]	Comb nov		(Platen) Torrey	Pliocene		US California	A Douglas fir wood morphospecies Moved from Pityoxylon annulatum (1907)	Pseudotsuga annulata

Podocarpaceae[edit]

Name	Novelty	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Podocarpoxylon dakotense^[2]	Sp nov	Torrey	Cretaceous	Laramie group	US North Dakota	A "podocarpaceous" wood morphospecies Podocarpoxylon Noted by Torrey to be very similar to Cupressaceae and problematic in definition.
Podocarpoxylon texense^[2]	Sp nov	Torrey	Eocene		US Texas	A podocarpaceous wood morphospecies Location given as "lignite mine at Rockdale station, Texas" Podocarpoxylon Noted by Torrey to be very similar to Cupressaceae and problematic in definition.	Podocarpoxylon texense
Podocarpoxylon washingtonense^[2]	Sp nov	Torrey	Miocene	Wilkes Formation	US Washington	A podocarpaceous wood morphospecies Location given as "Salmon Creek" Podocarpoxylon Noted by Torrey to be very similar to Cupressaceae and problematic in definition.	Podocarpoxylon washingtonense

Angiosperms[edit]

Basal eudicots[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Odostemon hakeaefolia^[3]^[4]	Comb nov	Jr synonym	(Lesquereux) Knowlton	Eocene Priabonian	Florissant Formation	US Colorado	A Mahonia species Moved from Lomatia hakeaefolia (1883) Moved to Mahonia hakeaefolia (1936) Specimens from Creede combined into Mahonia aceroides (1990)
Odostemon(?) marginata^[3]^[4]	Comb nov	Jr synonym	(Lesquereux) Knowlton	Eocene Priabonian	Florissant Formation	US Colorado	A Mahonia species Moved from Hedera marginata (1883) Moved to Mahonia marginata (1936) Specimens from Creede combined into Mahonia aceroides (1990)

Superroids[edit]

Fagales[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Alnus? larseni^[3]^[4]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Knowlton	Oligocene Chattian	Creede Formation	US Colorado	First identified as a possible Alder species Moved to Populus larsenii (1990)
Rubus? inquirendus^[3]^[4]	Sp nov		Knowlton	Oligocene Chattian	Creede Formation	US Colorado	A possible bramble species flower

Malvales[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Sterculia aceroides^[3]^[4]	Sp nov	Jr synonym	Knowlton	Oligocene Chattian	Creede Formation	US Colorado	First identified as a Sterculia species Moved to Mahonia aceroides (1990)

Incertae sedis[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Phyllites potentilloides^[3]^[4]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Knowlton	Oligocene Chattian	Huerto Formation	US Colorado	First identified as a leaf of uncertain affiliation Moved to Sorbus potentilloldes (1987)

Arthropoda[edit]

Insects[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Archimyrmex^[5]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Cockerell	Eocene Lutetian	Green River Formation	USA	A myrmeciine ant The type species is A. rostratus	Archimyrmex rostratus

Archosauromorpha[edit]

Newly named dinosaurs[edit]

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.^[6]

Name	Status	Author	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Altispinax^[7]	Valid taxon	Friedrich von Huene	Early Cretaceous (middle Valanginian)	Wadhurst Clay Formation	England	A possible carcharodontosaurid.
Lambeosaurus^[8]	Valid taxon	Parks	middle-late Campanian	Dinosaur Park Formation	Canada ( Alberta)	A lambeosaurine hadrosaurid.	Lambeosaurus
Lametasaurus^[9]	Nomen dubium.	Matley	late Maastrichtian	Lameta Formation	India	A composite of abelisaurid and titanosaur remains.
Pentaceratops^[10]	Valid taxon	Henry Fairfield Osborn	late Campanian	Kirtland Formation Fruitland Formation	United States ( Colorado and New Mexico)	A chasmosaurine ceratopsid.	Pentaceratops
"Protiguanodon"^[11]	Junior synonym of Psittacosaurus.	Henry Fairfield Osborn	Barremian	Öösh Formation		A junior synonym of the psittacosaurid ceratopsian Psittacosaurus.
Protoceratops^[12]	Valid taxon	Granger and Gregory	middle-late Campanian	Djadochta Formation	Mongolia	A protoceratopsid ceratopsian.	Protoceratops
"Protrachodon"^[13]^[14]	Nomen nudum?	Nopcsa				Mentioned in print, but never given full description
Psittacosaurus^[11]	Valid taxon	Henry Fairfield Osborn	Barremian	Öösh Formation	China Mongolia Russia Thailand	A little psittacosaurid ceratopsian.	Psittacosaurus
Thecocoelurus^[7]	Nomen dubium.	Friedrich von Huene	Barremian	Wessex Formation	England	An ornithomimosaur. New genus for "Thecospondylus" daviesi Seeley, 1888.

Pterosaurs[edit]

New taxa[edit]

Name	Status	Authors		Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Anurognathus	Valid	Döderlein		Tithonian	Solnhofen Limestone	Germany	An anurognathid. a Pterosaur with a Bat-like lifestyle.	Anurognathus

Synapsids[edit]

Non-mammalian[edit]

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Location	Notes	Images
Burnetia	Valid	Robert Broom	255 million years ago	South Africa	A biarmosuchian, a member of Burnetiidae. with weird-looking knobs on its head.	Burnetia
Dinophoneus	Junior synonym	Robert Broom		South Africa	A titanosuchid. Junior synonym of Jonkeria.

References[edit]

^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Torrey, R. E. (1923). "The comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the Coniferales Part 3: Mesozoic and Tertiary coniferous woods". Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. 3. Vol. 6 (no. 2). Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History. pp. 38–103.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Knowlton, F.H. (1923). Fossil plants from the Tertiary lake beds of South-Сentral Colorado (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 131-G. United States Geological Survey. pp. 183–197. doi:10.3133/pp131G.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Wolfe, J.A.; Schorn, H.E. (1990). Taxonomic revision of the Spermatopsida of the Oligocene Creede flora, southern Colorado (Report). Bulletin. Vol. 1923. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–40. doi:10.3133/b1923.
^ Dlussky, G.M. (2012). "New Fossil Ants of the Subfamily Myrmeciinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Germany". Paleontological Journal. 46 (3): 288–292. doi:10.1134/s0031030111050054.
^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
^ ^a ^b Huene, F. von. 1923. Carnivorous Saurischia in Europe since the Triassic. Bull. Geol. Soc. America 34: pp. 449-458.
^ Parks, W.A. 1923. Corythosaurus intermedius, a new species of trachodont dinosaur. Univ. Toronto Stud. (Geol. Ser.) 13: pp. 1-32.
^ Matley, C.A. 1923. Note on an armoured dinosaur from the Lameta beds of Jubbulpore. Rec. Geol. Survey India 55 (2): pp. 105-109.
^ Osborn, H.F. 1923. A new genus and species of Ceratopsia from New Mexico, Pentaceratops stennbergi. Amer. Mus. Novitates 93: pp. 1-3.
^ ^a ^b Osborn, H.F. 1923. Two Lower Cretaceous dinosaurs from Mongolia. Amer. Mus. Novitates 95: pp. 1-10.
^ Granger, W. and W.K. Gregory. 1923. Protoceratops andrewsi, a preceratopian dinosaur from Mongolia. Amer. Museum Novitates 42: pp. 1-9.
^ Nopcsa, F. 1923. Die Familien der Reptilien. Fortschr. Geol. Palaeontol. 2: pp. 1-210.
^ B. F. Nopcsa. 1923. On the geological importance of the primitive reptilian fauna in the uppermost Cretaceous of Hungary; with a description of a new tortoise (Kallokibotion). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 74:100-116

[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[Torrey1923-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Torrey, R. E. (1923). "The comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the Coniferales Part 3: Mesozoic and Tertiary coniferous woods". Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. 3. Vol. 6 (no. 2). Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History. pp. 38–103.

[Knowlton1923-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Knowlton, F.H. (1923). Fossil plants from the Tertiary lake beds of South-Сentral Colorado (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 131-G. United States Geological Survey. pp. 183–197. doi:10.3133/pp131G.

[WolfeSchorn1990-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Wolfe, J.A.; Schorn, H.E. (1990). Taxonomic revision of the Spermatopsida of the Oligocene Creede flora, southern Colorado (Report). Bulletin. Vol. 1923. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–40. doi:10.3133/b1923.

[Dlussky2012-5] Dlussky, G.M. (2012). "New Fossil Ants of the Subfamily Myrmeciinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Germany". Paleontological Journal. 46 (3): 288–292. doi:10.1134/s0031030111050054.

[ddinogeorge-6] Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.

[huene23saurischia-7] Huene, F. von. 1923. Carnivorous Saurischia in Europe since the Triassic. Bull. Geol. Soc. America 34: pp. 449-458.

[8] Parks, W.A. 1923. Corythosaurus intermedius, a new species of trachodont dinosaur. Univ. Toronto Stud. (Geol. Ser.) 13: pp. 1-32.

[9] Matley, C.A. 1923. Note on an armoured dinosaur from the Lameta beds of Jubbulpore. Rec. Geol. Survey India 55 (2): pp. 105-109.

[10] Osborn, H.F. 1923. A new genus and species of Ceratopsia from New Mexico, Pentaceratops stennbergi. Amer. Mus. Novitates 93: pp. 1-3.

[Osborn23-11] Osborn, H.F. 1923. Two Lower Cretaceous dinosaurs from Mongolia. Amer. Mus. Novitates 95: pp. 1-10.

[12] Granger, W. and W.K. Gregory. 1923. Protoceratops andrewsi, a preceratopian dinosaur from Mongolia. Amer. Museum Novitates 42: pp. 1-9.

[13] Nopcsa, F. 1923. Die Familien der Reptilien. Fortschr. Geol. Palaeontol. 2: pp. 1-210.

[14] B. F. Nopcsa. 1923. On the geological importance of the primitive reptilian fauna in the uppermost Cretaceous of Hungary; with a description of a new tortoise (Kallokibotion). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 74:100-116

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