2'-O-methylation
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2'-O-Methylation[edit]
2'-O-methylation (2'-O-Me) is a common nucleotide epitranscriptomics modification of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The rRNA is transcribed from DNA and then used to create proteins through transcription.[1] The resulting protein would normally be solely dependent on the gene it was translated from, but the methylation of the RNA would influence the outcome of the protein as well.[1] This modification to the rRNA is done via ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP)[2] where a methyl group is added to the 2' hydroxyl of the ribose moiety of any nucleotide (Nm)[3] producing a methoxy group. The modification of one Nm creates more stabilization in the structure by 0.2kcal/mol[4] which is more enthalpically favorable. 2'-O-methylated nucleotides are mostly found in post-translational ribosomal RNA and small nuclear RNA located in the ribosome and spliceosome.[5] Currently, about 1210 2'-O-methylations have been identified in mammals and yeast and deposited in RMBase (RNA Modification Base) database.[6]
This modification is able to stabilize the structure of RNA while preventing it from undergoing hydrolysis as the hydroxyl group is replaced.[2] RNA is a short lived molecule and each of the types vary in its longevity in the cell. Ribosomal RNA exists longer in the cell before degradation so utilizing 2'-O-Met would aid in stabilizing its structure. The epitranscriptomics of this particular RNA modification occurs post-translation, causing a change in the resulting protein without the DNA being altered.[7]
Having chemical properties intermediate between RNA and DNA, 2'-O-methylation is presumed to have been one of the reactive group of RNA molecules on early Earth that would have given rise to DNA.[8]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Guo, Jiannan (2014-05-01). "Transcription: the epicenter of gene expression". Journal of Zhejiang University Science B. 15 (5): 409–411. doi:10.1631/jzus.B1400113. ISSN 1862-1783. PMC 4076597. PMID 24793758.
- ^ a b Monaco, Piero Lo; Marcel, Virginie; Diaz, Jean-Jacques; Catez, Frédéric (December 2018). "2′-O-Methylation of Ribosomal RNA: Towards an Epitranscriptomic Control of Translation?". Biomolecules. 8 (4): 106. doi:10.3390/biom8040106. ISSN 2218-273X. PMC 6316387. PMID 30282949.
- ^ Dimitrova, Dilyana G.; Teysset, Laure; Carré, Clément (2019-02-05). "RNA 2′-O-Methylation (Nm) Modification in Human Diseases". Genes. 10 (2): 117. doi:10.3390/genes10020117. ISSN 2073-4425. PMC 6409641. PMID 30764532.
- ^ Abou Assi, Hala; Rangadurai, Atul K; Shi, Honglue; Liu, Bei; Clay, Mary C; Erharter, Kevin; Kreutz, Christoph; Holley, Christopher L; Al-Hashimi, Hashim M (2020-10-26). "2′-O-Methylation can increase the abundance and lifetime of alternative RNA conformational states". Nucleic Acids Research. 48 (21): 12365–12379. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa928. ISSN 0305-1048. PMC 7708057. PMID 33104789.
- ^ Kiss T (2001). "Small nucleolar RNA-guided post-transcriptional modification of cellular RNAs". EMBO Journal. 20 (14): 3617–3622. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.14.3617. PMC 125535. PMID 11447102.
- ^ Sun WJ, Li JH, Liu S, Wu J, Zhou H, Qu LH, Yang JH (4 January 2016). "RMBase: a resource for decoding the landscape of RNA modifications from high-throughput sequencing data". Nucleic Acids Research. 44 (D1): D259–265. doi:10.1093/nar/gkv1036. PMC 4702777. PMID 26464443.
- ^ Khoshnevis, Sohail; Dreggors-Walker, R. Elizabeth; Marchand, Virginie; Motorin, Yuri; Ghalei, Homa (2022-03-22). "Ribosomal RNA 2′- O -methylations regulate translation by impacting ribosome dynamics". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (12): e2117334119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11917334K. doi:10.1073/pnas.2117334119. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 8944910. PMID 35294285.
- ^ Rana AK, Ankri S (2016). "Reviving the RNA World: An Insight into the Appearance of RNA Methyltransferases". Frontiers in Genetics. 7: 99. doi:10.3389/fgene.2016.00099. PMC 4893491. PMID 27375676.
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