2012 United States House of Representatives elections
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All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives[a] 218 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 52.0%[1]  11.1 pp | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results: Democratic hold Democratic gain Republican hold Republican gain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 6, 2012. It coincided with the reelection of President Barack Obama. Elections were held for all 435 seats representing the 50 U.S. states and also for the delegates from the District of Columbia and five major U.S. territories. The winners of this election cycle served in the 113th United States Congress. This was the first congressional election using districts drawn up based on the 2010 United States census.
Although Democratic candidates received a nationwide plurality of more than 1.4 million votes (1.1%) in the aggregated vote totals from all House elections,[3] the Republican Party won a 33-seat advantage in seats, thus retaining its House majority by 17 seats. Democrats picked up 27 previously Republican-held seats, but most of these gains were canceled out due to Republican pick-ups of Democratic-held seats, and reapportionment gains that benefited Republicans, leaving the Democrats with a net gain of just eight seats.[4]
This disparity – common in close elections involving single-member district voting[5] – has sometimes been attributed to targeted Republican gerrymandering in the congressional redistricting process following the 2010 United States Census.[6][7][8][9][10] "Unintentional gerrymandering," --the high concentration of Democrats in urban centers--leading to "wasted votes" in districts that easily elected Democratic candidates, has also been cited as causing some of the efficiency gap.[11][9][12] The GOP also benefited from having a greater number of incumbents, who tend to have an advantage in elections[9] which may have helped Republicans win close elections for individual seats.
In the 20th century, the party with a plurality of the popular vote was unable to receive a majority in the House on four occasions- 1952 and 1996, in which the Republicans held a majority in the House. Meanwhile, the 1914 and 1942 elections were the last time that the Democrats won a majority in the House without winning the popular vote.[8][13]
As of 2023, this is the last congressional election in which the Democrats won a House seat in West Virginia.
Results summary[edit]
Federal[edit]
| 234 | 201 |
| Republican | Democratic |
| Parties | Seats | Popular vote | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 2012 | Net change | Strength | Vote | % | Change | ||
| Republican Party | 242 | 234 |  8 | 53.8% | 58,283,314 | 47.7% | −4.0% | |
| Democratic Party | 193 | 201 | 8 | 46.2% | 59,645,531 | 48.8% | +3.9% | |
| Libertarian Party | – | – | – | – | 1,360,925 | 1.1% | −0.1% | |
| Independent | – | – | – | – | 1,240,672 | 1.0% | +0.4% | |
| Green Party | – | – | – | – | 373,455 | 0.3% | – | |
| Constitution Party | – | – | – | – | 111,576 | 0.1% | −0.1% | |
| Reform Party | – | – | – | – | 70,682 | 0.1% | +0.1% | |
| Others | - | - | - | - | 1,205,344 | 1.0% | +0.1% | |
| Totals | 435 | 435 | 0 | 100.0% | 122,291,499 | 100.0% | - | |
| Source: Election Statistics – Office of the Clerk (does not include blank or over/under votes) | ||||||||
Per state[edit]
| State | Total seats | Democratic | Republican | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||
| Alabama | 7 | 1 |  | 6 | |
| Alaska | 1 | 0 | | 1 | |
| Arizona | 9 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| Arkansas | 4 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| California | 53 | 38 | 4 | 15 | 4 |
| Colorado | 7 | 3 | | 4 | |
| Connecticut | 5 | 5 | | 0 | |
| Delaware | 1 | 1 | | 0 | |
| Florida | 27 | 10 | 4 | 17 | 2 |
| Georgia | 14 | 5 | | 9 | 1 |
| Hawaii | 2 | 2 | | 0 | |
| Idaho | 2 | 0 | | 2 | |
| Illinois | 18 | 12 | 4 | 6 | 5 |
| Indiana | 9 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 1 |
| Iowa | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
| Kansas | 4 | 0 | | 4 | |
| Kentucky | 6 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
| Louisiana | 6 | 1 | | 5 | 1 |
| Maine | 2 | 2 | | 0 | |
| Maryland | 8 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Massachusetts | 9 | 9 | 1 | 0 | |
| Michigan | 14 | 5 | 1 | 9 | |
| Minnesota | 8 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Mississippi | 4 | 1 | | 3 | |
| Missouri | 8 | 2 | 1 | 6 | |
| Montana | 1 | 0 | | 1 | |
| Nebraska | 3 | 0 | | 3 | |
| Nevada | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
| New Hampshire | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| New Jersey | 12 | 6 | 1 | 6 | |
| New Mexico | 3 | 2 | | 1 | |
| New York | 27 | 21 | | 6 | 2 |
| North Carolina | 13 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 3 |
| North Dakota | 1 | 0 | | 1 | |
| Ohio | 16 | 4 | 1 | 12 | 1 |
| Oklahoma | 5 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
| Oregon | 5 | 4 | | 1 | |
| Pennsylvania | 18 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 1 |
| Rhode Island | 2 | 2 | | 0 | |
| South Carolina | 7 | 1 | | 6 | 1 |
| South Dakota | 1 | 0 | | 1 | |
| Tennessee | 9 | 2 | | 7 | |
| Texas | 36 | 12 | 3 | 24 | 1 |
| Utah | 4 | 1 | | 3 | 1 |
| Vermont | 1 | 1 | | 0 | |
| Virginia | 11 | 3 | | 8 | |
| Washington | 10 | 6 | 1 | 4 | |
| West Virginia | 3 | 1 | | 2 | |
| Wisconsin | 8 | 3 | | 5 | |
| Wyoming | 1 | 0 | | 1 | |
| Total | 435 | 201 | 8 | 234 | 8 |
Maps[edit]
-
Results shaded by winners share of vote -
Popular vote by states -
House seats by party holding plurality in state
Retiring incumbents[edit]
Forty-one Representatives retired. Thirty-four of those seats were held by the same party, six seats changed party.
Democrats[edit]
Twenty-two Democrats retired. Fourteen of those seats were held by Democrats, five were won by Republicans, and three seats were eliminated in redistricting.
Democratic held[edit]
- California 6: Lynn Woolsey,[14] was succeeded by Jared Huffman (with district being renumbered as California 2).
- California 51: Bob Filner, to run for Mayor of San Diego,[15] was succeeded by Juan Vargas.
- Connecticut 5: Chris Murphy, to run for U.S. Senate,[16] was succeeded by Elizabeth Esty.
- Hawaii 2: Mazie Hirono, to run for U.S. Senate,[17] was succeeded by Tulsi Gabbard.
- Illinois 12: Jerry Costello,[18] was succeeded by William Enyart.
- Massachusetts 4: Barney Frank,[19] was succeeded by Joseph P. Kennedy III.
- Michigan 5: Dale Kildee,[20] was succeeded by Dan Kildee.
- Nevada 1: Shelley Berkley, to run for U.S. Senate,[21] was succeeded by Dina Titus.
- New Mexico 1: Martin Heinrich, to run for U.S. Senate,[22] was succeeded by Michelle Lujan Grisham.
- New York 5: Gary Ackerman,[23] was succeeded by Grace Meng (with district being renumbered as New York 6).
- New York 10: Edolphus Towns,[24] was succeeded by Hakeem Jeffries (with district being renumbered as New York 8).
- Texas 20: Charlie Gonzalez,[25] was succeeded by Joaquín Castro.
- Washington 6: Norm Dicks,[26] was succeeded by Derek Kilmer.
- Wisconsin 2: Tammy Baldwin, to run for U.S. Senate,[27] was succeeded by Mark Pocan.
Republican gain[edit]
- Arkansas 4: Mike Ross, was succeeded by Tom Cotton.
- Indiana 2: Joe Donnelly, to run for U.S. Senate, was succeeded by Jackie Walorski.
- North Carolina 11: Heath Shuler, was succeeded by Mark Meadows.
- North Carolina 13: Brad Miller, was succeeded by George Holding.
- Oklahoma 2: Dan Boren, was succeeded by Markwayne Mullin.
Seats eliminated in redistricting[edit]
- California 18: Dennis Cardoza.[28]
- Massachusetts 1: John Olver.[29]
- New York 22: Maurice Hinchey.[30]
Republicans[edit]
Nineteen Republicans retired. Fifteen of those seats were held by Republicans, one was won by a Democrat, and three seats were eliminated in redistricting.
Republican held[edit]
- Arizona 6: Jeff Flake, to run for U.S. Senate,[31] was succeeded by Matt Salmon (with district being renumbered as Arizona 5).
- California 2: Wally Herger,[32] was succeeded by Doug LaMalfa (with district being renumbered as California 1).
- California 41: Jerry Lewis,[33] was succeeded by Paul Cook (with district being renumbered as California 8).
- Florida 14: Connie Mack IV, to run for U.S. Senate,[34] was succeeded by Trey Radel (with district being renumbered as Florida 19).
- Illinois 15: Tim Johnson,[35] was succeeded by Rodney L. Davis (with district being renumbered as Illinois 13).
- Indiana 5: Dan Burton,[36] was succeeded by Susan Brooks.
- Indiana 6: Mike Pence, to run for Governor of Indiana,[37] was succeeded by Luke Messer.
- Missouri 2: Todd Akin, to run for U.S. Senate,[38] was succeeded by Ann Wagner.
- Michigan 11: Thaddeus McCotter: failed to make the ballot for renomination due to fraudulent signatures,[39] was succeeded by Kerry Bentivolio.
- Montana at-large: Denny Rehberg, to run for U.S. Senate,[40] was succeeded by Steve Daines.
- North Carolina 9: Sue Myrick,[41] was succeeded by Robert Pittenger.
- North Dakota at-large: Rick Berg, to run for U.S. Senate,[42] was succeeded by Kevin Cramer.
- Ohio 14: Steve LaTourette,[43] was succeeded by David Joyce.
- Pennsylvania 19: Todd Russell Platts,[44] was succeeded by Scott Perry (with district being renumbered as Pennsylvania 4).
- Texas 14: Ron Paul, to run for U.S. President,[45] was succeeded by Randy Weber.
Democratic gain[edit]
- California 24: Elton Gallegly,[46] was succeeded by Julia Brownley (with district being renumbered as California 26).
Seats eliminated in redistricting[edit]
- California 26: David Dreier.
- New York 9: Bob Turner, who ran for U.S. Senate.[47]
- Ohio 7: Steve Austria.[48]
Incumbents defeated[edit]
As a result of redistricting, many incumbents were forced to compete against each other in the same district, which resulted in a larger number of incumbents being defeated in primaries.
In primary elections[edit]
Thirteen representatives lost renomination: Eight were lost in redistricting battles pitting incumbents against each other, and five incumbents lost nomination to non-incumbent challengers.
Democrats[edit]
Seven Democrats lost renomination: five in redistricting and two to a non-incumbent challenger.
Seat held by a Democrat[edit]
These primary winners later won the general election.
- Michigan 14: Hansen Clarke lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Gary Peters
- Missouri 1: Russ Carnahan lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Lacy Clay
- New Jersey 9: Steve Rothman lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Bill Pascrell
- Ohio 9: Dennis Kucinich lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Marcy Kaptur
- Pennsylvania 17: Tim Holden lost to challenger Matt Cartwright[49]
- Texas 16: Silvestre Reyes lost to challenger Beto O'Rourke[50]
Seat lost to a Republican[edit]
- Pennsylvania 12: Jason Altmire lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Mark Critz,[49] who later lost the general election
Republicans[edit]
Six Republicans lost renomination: three in redistricting races and three to a non-incumbent challenger. All the seats were held by Republicans.
- Arizona 6: Ben Quayle lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent David Schweikert
- Florida 3: Cliff Stearns lost to challenger Ted Yoho
- Florida 7: Sandy Adams lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent John Mica
- Illinois 16: Don Manzullo lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Adam Kinzinger
- Ohio 2: Jean Schmidt lost to challenger Brad Wenstrup
- Oklahoma 1: John Sullivan lost to challenger Jim Bridenstine
In general elections[edit]
Democrats[edit]
Ten incumbent Democrats lost re-election; four to fellow Democrats and six to Republicans. Four losses were in California: two due to redistricting putting two incumbents together (resulting in a net loss of two for the Democrats) and two due to the state's top two primary. Two incumbents outside of California lost to Republican incumbents after being redistricted to the same district.
Seat held by a Democrat[edit]
- California 15: Pete Stark lost to Eric Swalwell
- California 30: Howard Berman lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Brad Sherman
- California 35: Joe Baca lost to Gloria Negrete McLeod
- California 44: Laura Richardson lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Janice Hahn
Seat lost to a Republican incumbent[edit]
- Iowa 3: Leonard Boswell lost a redistricting race to Tom Latham
- Ohio 16: Betty Sutton lost a redistricting race to Jim Renacci
Seat lost to a Republican challenger[edit]
- Kentucky 6: Ben Chandler lost to Andy Barr.
- New York 27: Kathy Hochul lost to Chris Collins.
- North Carolina 8: Larry Kissell lost to Richard Hudson.
- Pennsylvania 12: Mark Critz lost to Keith Rothfus.
Republicans[edit]
Seventeen incumbent Republicans lost re-election.
Seat held by a Republican[edit]
One incumbent Republican lost re-election to a fellow incumbent Republican.
- Louisiana 3: Jeff Landry lost to Charles Boustany
Seat lost to a Democratic challenger[edit]
Sixteen incumbent Republicans, ten of whom were first elected in 2010, lost re-election to Democrats.
- California 7: Dan Lungren lost to Ami Bera.
- California 36: Mary Bono Mack lost to Raul Ruiz.
- California 52: Brian Bilbray lost to Scott Peters.
- Florida 18: Allen West lost to Patrick Murphy.
- Florida 26: David Rivera lost to Joe Garcia.
- Illinois 8: Joe Walsh lost to Tammy Duckworth.
- Illinois 10: Robert Dold lost to Brad Schneider.
- Illinois 11: Judy Biggert lost to Bill Foster
- Illinois 17: Bobby Schilling lost to Cheri Bustos.
- Maryland 6: Roscoe Bartlett lost to John K. Delaney.
- Minnesota 8: Chip Cravaack lost to Rick Nolan
- New Hampshire 1: Frank Guinta lost to Carol Shea-Porter
- New Hampshire 2: Charles Bass lost to Ann Kuster.
- New York 18: Nan Hayworth lost to Sean Patrick Maloney.
- New York 24: Ann Marie Buerkle lost to Dan Maffei
- Texas 23: Quico Canseco lost to Pete Gallego.
Reapportionment[edit]
The 2010 United States census determined how many of the 435 congressional districts each state receives for the 2010 redistricting cycle. Due to population shifts, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania each lost one seat; and New York and Ohio each lost two seats. Conversely, Arizona, Georgia, Nevada, South Carolina, Utah, and Washington each gained one seat; Florida gained two seats; and Texas gained four seats.[51]
New seats[edit]Twelve new districts were created after the 2010 redistricting process: | Seats eliminated[edit]The following districts were eliminated and became obsolete:
|
Newly created seats[edit]
Of the 435 districts created in the 2010 redistricting, nineteen had no incumbent representative.
Democratic gain[edit]Twelve Democrats were elected in newly created seats.
| Republican gain[edit]Seven Republicans were elected in newly created seats.
|
Closest races[edit]
In sixty-four races the margin of victory was less than 10%.
| District | Winner | Margin |
|---|---|---|
| North Carolina 7th | Democratic | 0.19% |
| Utah 4th | Democratic | 0.31% |
| Illinois 13th | Republican | 0.34% |
| Michigan 1st | Republican | 0.54% |
| Florida 18th | Democratic (flip) | 0.58% |
| Arizona 2nd | Democratic | 0.84% |
| Massachusetts 6th | Democratic | 1.15% |
| Minnesota 6th | Republican | 1.21% |
| Illinois 10th | Democratic (flip) | 1.26% |
| Puerto Rico at-large | Democratic | 1.28% |
| Indiana 2nd | Republican (flip) | 1.43% |
| New York 27th | Republican (flip) | 1.57% |
| Nebraska 2nd | Republican | 1.59% |
| New York 21st | Democratic | 1.97% |
| Colorado 6th | Republican | 2.04% |
| California 52nd | Democratic (flip) | 2.35% |
| Connecticut 5th | Democratic | 2.62% |
| California 7th | Democratic (flip) | 3.36% |
| Pennsylvania 12th | Republican (flip) | 3.47% |
| Florida 10th | Republican | 3.48% |
| Arizona 1st | Democratic | 3.65% |
| New Hampshire 1st | Democratic (flip) | 3.76% |
| New York 23rd | Republican | 3.82% |
| Kentucky 6th | Republican (flip) | 3.89% |
| New York 18th | Democratic (flip) | 3.90% |
| Ohio 16th | Republican | 4.09% |
| Arizona 9th | Democratic | 4.10% |
| California 15th | Democratic | 4.22%[b] |
| Texas 23rd | Democratic (flip) | 4.75% |
| New Hampshire 2nd | Democratic (flip) | 4.83% |
| New York 1st | Democratic | 4.98% |
| California 26th | Democratic (flip) | 5.38% |
| New York 11th | Republican | 5.41% |
| California 10th | Republican | 5.42% |
| Florida 2nd | Republican | 5.46% |
| New York 24th | Democratic (flip) | 5.46% |
| New York 19th | Republican | 5.60% |
| California 36th | Democratic (flip) | 5.88% |
| North Carolina 9th | Republican | 6.13% [c] |
| Michigan 11th | Republican (flip) | 6.40% |
| Ohio 6th | Republican | 6.50% |
| Illinois 17th | Democratic (flip) | 6.56% |
| Florida 16th | Republican | 7.22% |
| Georgia 12th | Democratic | 7.40% |
| Nevada 3rd | Republican | 7.49% |
| Virginia 2nd | Republican | 7.66% |
| North Carolina 8th | Republican (flip) | 7.79% |
| Washington 1st | Democratic | 7.87% |
| California 33rd | Democratic | 7.91% |
| West Virginia 3rd | Democratic | 7.96% |
| Nevada 4th | Democratic | 8.00% |
| Iowa 4th | Republican | 8.10% |
| Minnesota 2nd | Republican | 8.16% |
| Illinois 8th | Democratic (flip) | 8.37% |
| Michigan 3rd | Republican | 8.45% |
| California 3rd | Democratic | 8.46% |
| Iowa 3rd | Republican (flip) | 8.63% |
| Texas 14th | Republican | 8.85% |
| New Jersey 3rd | Republican | 8.86% |
| Minnesota 8th | Democratic (flip) | 8.89% |
| Illinois 12th | Democratic | 8.91% |
| Hawaii 1st | Democratic | 9.23% |
| Florida 22nd | Democratic (flip) | 9.25% |
| California 25th | Republican | 9.56% |
Election ratings[edit]
Special elections[edit]
There were six special elections in 2012. Winners would have a seniority advantage over other freshmen. Two elections were held separate from the November elections and four elections were held concurrent with the November elections.
| District | Incumbent | Result | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | |||
| Oregon 1 | David Wu | Democratic | 1998 | Incumbent resigned August 3, 2011. New member elected January 31, 2012. Democratic hold. The winner was subsequently re-elected in November, see below. |
|
| Arizona 8 | Gabby Giffords | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent resigned January 25, 2012. New member elected June 12, 2012. Democratic hold. The winner was subsequently re-elected in November, see below. |
|
| Kentucky 4 | Geoff Davis | Republican | 2004 | Incumbent resigned July 31, 2012 for family health reason. New member elected November 6, 2012. Republican hold. Winner was also elected the same day to the next term, see below. |
|
| Michigan 11 | Thad McCotter | Republican | 2002 | Incumbent resigned July 6, 2012 after failing to qualify for renomination. New member elected November 6, 2012. Democratic gain. Winner was not elected the same day to the next term, see below. |
|
| New Jersey 10 | Donald M. Payne | Democratic | 1988 | Incumbent died March 6, 2012. New member elected November 6, 2012 to finish his father's term. Democratic hold. Winner was also elected the same day to the next term, see below. |
|
| Washington 1 | Jay Inslee | Democratic | 1998 | Incumbent resigned March 20, 2012 to run for Governor of Washington. New member elected November 6, 2012. Democratic hold. Winner was also elected the same day to the next term, see below. |
|
Alabama[edit]
| District | PVI | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama 1 | R+14 | Jo Bonner | Republican | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 2 | R+18 | Martha Roby | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 3 | R+15 | Mike D. Rogers | Republican | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 4 | R+23 | Robert Aderholt | Republican | 1996 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 5 | R+14 | Mo Brooks | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 6 | R+28 | Spencer Bachus | Republican | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 7 | D+17 | Terri Sewell | Democratic | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Alaska[edit]
| District | PVI | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska at-large | R+13 | Don Young | Republican | 1973 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arizona[edit]
Arizona gained one seat in reapportionment. A second open seat was created when a pair of Republicans were redistricted into the same district.[54] Primary elections were August 28, 2012.
| District | PVI | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arizona 1 | R+3 | None (New seat) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Arizona 2 | R+2 | Ron Barber Renumbered from the 8th district | Democratic | 2012 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Arizona 3 | D+7 | Raúl Grijalva Redistricted from the 7th district | Democratic | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Arizona 4 | R+16 | Paul Gosar Redistricted from the 1st district | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Arizona 5 | R+16 | Jeff Flake Redistricted from the 6th district | Republican | 2000 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| Arizona 6 | R+10 | Ben Quayle Redistricted from the 3rd district | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican loss. |
|
| David Schweikert Redistricted from the 5th district | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. | |||
| Arizona 7 | D+12 | Ed Pastor Redistricted from the 4th district | Democratic | 1991 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Arizona 8 | R+13 | Trent Franks Renumbered from the 2th district | Republican | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Arizona 9 | R+1 | None (New seat) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Arkansas[edit]
| District | PVI | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arkansas 1 | R+7 | Rick Crawford | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Arkansas 2 | R+5 | Timothy Griffin | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Arkansas 3 | R+16 | Steve Womack | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Arkansas 4 | R+9 | Mike Ross | Democratic | 2000 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
California[edit]
California retained its fifty-three seats: four new seats were created when four pairs of Representatives were redistricted to run against each other. An additional Republican incumbent, Gary Miller, won re-election in an entirely different district from the one he had previously represented.[55] The election featured the first use of the top-two primary system in which primary elections list candidates from all parties on one ballot, and the top two vote-getters advance to the general election. Two elections (30th and 44th districts) featured two Democratic incumbents running against each other.[56]
| District | PVI | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California 1 | R+10 | Wally Herger Redistricted from the 2nd district | Republican | 1986 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| California 2 | D+19 | Lynn Woolsey Redistricted from the 6th district | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| California 3 | D+1 | John Garamendi Redistricted from the 10th district | Democratic | 2009 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 4 | R+10 | Tom McClintock | Republican | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 5 | D+18 | Mike Thompson Redistricted from the 1st district | Democratic | 1998 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 6 | D+13 | Doris Matsui Redistricted from the 5th district | Democratic | 2005 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 7 | R+3 | Dan Lungren Redistricted from the 3rd district | Republican | 1978 1988 (retired) 2004 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| California 8 | R+12 | Jerry Lewis Redistricted from the 41st district | Republican | 1978 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| California 9 | D+2 | Jerry McNerney Redistricted from the 11th district | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 10 | R+5 | Jeff Denham Redistricted from the 19th district | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Dennis Cardoza Redistricted from the 18th district | Democratic | 2002 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | |||
| California 11 | D+17 | George Miller Redistricted from the 7th district | Democratic | 1974 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 12 | D+35 | Nancy Pelosi Redistricted from the 8th district | Democratic | 1987 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 13 | D+37 | Barbara Lee Redistricted from the 9th district | Democratic | 1998 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 14 | D+23 | Jackie Speier Redistricted from the 12th district | Democratic | 2008 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 15 | D+15 | Pete Stark Redistricted from the 13th district | Democratic | 1972 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| California 16 | D+2 | Jim Costa Redistricted from the 20th district | Democratic | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 17 | D+18 | Mike Honda Redistricted from the 15th district | Democratic | 2000 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 18 | D+18 | Anna Eshoo Redistricted from the 14th district | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 19 | D+16 | Zoe Lofgren Redistricted from the 16th district | Democratic | 1994 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 20 | D+19 | Sam Farr Redistricted from the 17th district | Democratic | 1993 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 21 | R+3 | None (New seat) | New seat. New member elected. Republican gain. |
| ||
| California 22 | R+12 | Devin Nunes Redistricted from the 21st district | Republican | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 23 | R+18 | Kevin McCarthy Redistricted from the 22nd district | Republican | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 24 | D+3 | Lois Capps Redistricted from the 23rd district | Democratic | 1998 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 25 | R+6 | Howard McKeon | Republican | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 26 | D+2 | Elton Gallegly Redistricted from the 24th district | Republican | 1986 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| California 27 | D+9 | Judy Chu Redistricted from the 32nd district | Democratic | 2009 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 28 | D+19 | Adam Schiff Redistricted from the 29th district | Democratic | 2000 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 29 | D+21 | None (New seat) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| California 30 | D+13 | Brad Sherman Redistricted from the 27th district | Democratic | 1996 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Howard Berman Redistricted from the 28th district | Democratic | 1982 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic loss. | |||
| California 31 | D+12 | David Dreier Redistricted from the 26th district | Republican | 1980 | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. |
|
| Gary Miller Redistricted from the 42nd district | Republican | 1998 | Incumbent re-elected. | |||
| California 32 | D+9 | Grace Napolitano Redistricted from the 38th district | Democratic | 1998 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 33 | D+12 | Henry Waxman Redistricted from the 30th district | Democratic | 1974 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 34 | D+28 | Xavier Becerra Redistricted from the 31st district | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 35 | D+10 | Joe Baca Redistricted from the 43rd district | Democratic | 1999 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| California 36 | R+3 | Mary Bono Redistricted from the 45th district | Republican | 1998 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. | |
| California 37 | D+33 | Karen Bass Redistricted from the 33rd district | Democratic | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 38 | D+9 | Linda Sánchez Redistricted from the 39th district | Democratic | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 39 | R+7 | Ed Royce Redistricted from the 40th district | Republican | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 40 | D+25 | Lucille Roybal-Allard Redistricted from the 34th district | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 41 | D+3 | None (New seat) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| California 42 | R+12 | Ken Calvert Redistricted from the 44th district | Republican | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 43 | D+23 | Maxine Waters Redistricted from the 35th district | Democratic | 1990 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 44 | D+29 | Janice Hahn Redistricted from the 36th district | Democratic | 2011 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Laura Richardson Redistricted from the 37th district | Democratic | 2007 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic loss. | |||
| California 45 | R+8 | John B. T. Campbell III Redistricted from the 48th district | Republican | 2005 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 46 | D+3 | Loretta Sanchez Redistricted from the 47th district | Democratic | 1996 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 47 | D+5 | None (New seat) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| California 48 | R+8 | Dana Rohrabacher Redistricted from the 46th district | Republican | 1988 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 49 | R+5 | Darrell Issa | Republican | 2000 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 50 | R+14 | Duncan D. Hunter Redistricted from the 52nd district | Republican | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 51 | D+11 | Bob Filner | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent retired to run for Mayor of San Diego. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| California 52 | D+1 | Brian Bilbray Redistricted from the 50th district | Republican | 1994 2000 (defeated) 2006 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| California 53 | D+7 | Susan Davis | Democratic | 2000 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Colorado[edit]
| District | PVI | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colorado 1 | D+17 | Diana DeGette | Democratic | 1996 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Colorado 2 | D+8 | Jared Polis | Democratic | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Colorado 3 | R+4 | Scott Tipton | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Colorado 4 | R+12 | Cory Gardner | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Colorado 5 | R+15 | Doug Lamborn | Republican | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Colorado 6 | R+1 | Mike Coffman | Republican | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Colorado 7 | D+3 | Ed Perlmutter | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Connecticut[edit]
Primary elections were held August 14, 2012.
| District | PVI | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Connecticut 1 | D+12 | John B. Larson | Democratic | 1998 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Connecticut 2 | D+6 | Joe Courtney | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Connecticut 3 | D+9 | Rosa DeLauro | Democratic | 1990 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Connecticut 4 | D+5 | Jim Himes | Democratic | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Connecticut 5 | D+2 | Chris Murphy | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Delaware[edit]
| District | PVI | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delaware at-large | D+7 | John Carney | Democratic | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida[edit]
Florida gained two seats in reapportionment. As a result of the Fair Districts Amendment, approved by voters via referendum in 2010, the legislature could not take incumbency into account in drawing the lines.[57] As a result, two incumbent Republicans, John Mica and Sandy Adams, were drawn into the same district, creating a third new seat.[58]
| District | PVI | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florida 1 | R+21 | Jeff Miller | Republican | 2001 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 2 | R+3 | Steve Southerland | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 3 | R+12 | Cliff Stearns Redistricted from the 6th district | Republican | 1988 | Incumbent lost renomination New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| Florida 4 | R+19 | Ander Crenshaw | Republican | 2000 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 5 | D+17 | Corrine Brown Redistricted from the 3rd district | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 6 | R+6 | None (New seat) | New seat. New member elected. Republican gain. |
| ||
| Florida 7 | R+5 | John Mica | Republican | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Sandy Adams Redistricted from the 24th district | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican loss. | |||
| Florida 8 | R+8 | Bill Posey Redistricted from the 15th district | Republican | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 9 | D+4 | None (New seat) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Florida 10 | R+7 | Daniel Webster Redistricted from the 8th district | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 11 | R+8 | Rich Nugent Redistricted from the 5th district | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 12 | R+6 | Gus Bilirakis Redistricted from the 9th district | Republican | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 13 | R+1 | Bill Young Redistricted from the 10th district | Republican | 1970 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 14 | D+11 | Kathy Castor Redistricted from the 11th district | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 15 | R+8 | Dennis A. Ross Redistricted from the 12th district | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 16 | R+5 | Vern Buchanan Redistricted from the 13th district | Republican | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 17 | R+10 | Tom Rooney Redistricted from the 16th district | Republican | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 18 | R+1 | Allen West Redistricted from the 22nd district | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent lost re-election . New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Florida 19 | R+11 | Connie Mack IV Redistricted from the 14th district | Republican | 2004 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| Florida 20 | D+28 | Alcee Hastings Redistricted from the 23rd district | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 21 | D+12 | Ted Deutch Redistricted from the 19th district | Democratic | 2010 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 22 | D+5 | None (New seat) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
| ||
| Florida 23 | D+10 | Debbie Wasserman Schultz Redistricted from the 20th district | Democratic | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 24 | D+33 | Frederica Wilson Redistricted from the 17th district | Democratic | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 25 | R+8 | Mario Díaz-Balart Redistricted from the 21st district | Republican | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 26 | R+3 | David Rivera Redistricted from the 25th district | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Florida 27 | R+5 | Ileana Ros-Lehtinen Redistricted from the 18th district | Republican | 1989 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia[edit]
Georgia gained one seat in reapportionment.
| District | PVI | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Georgia 1 | R+9 | Jack Kingston | Republican | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 2 | D+4 | Sanford Bishop | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 3 | R+19 | Lynn Westmoreland | Republican | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 4 | D+17 | Hank Johnson | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 5 | D+31 | John Lewis | Democratic | 1986 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 6 | R+14 | Tom Price | Republican | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 7 | R+16 | Rob Woodall | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 8 | R+15 | Austin Scott | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 9 | R+27 | None (New seat) | New seat. New member elected. Republican gain. |
| ||
| Georgia 10 | R+13 | Paul Broun | Republican | 2007 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 11 | R+19 | Phil Gingrey | Republican | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 12 | R+9 | John Barrow | Democratic | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 13 | D+10 | David Scott | Democratic | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 14 | R+23 | Tom Graves Redistricted from the 9th district | Republican | 2010 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Hawaii[edit]
| District | PVI | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hawaii 1 | D+11 | Colleen Hanabusa | Democratic | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Hawaii 2 | D+14 | Mazie Hirono | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Idaho[edit]
| District | PVI | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Idaho 1 | R+18 | Raúl Labrador | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Idaho 2 | R+17 | Mike Simpson | Republican | 1998 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois[edit]
Illinois lost one seat in reapportionment, forcing a pair of incumbent Republicans into the same district.
| District | PVI | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Illinois 1 | D+28 | Bobby Rush | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 2 | D+27 | Jesse Jackson Jr. | Democratic | 1995 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 3 | D+5 | Dan Lipinski | Democratic | 2004 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 4 | D+26 | Luis Gutiérrez | Democratic | 1992 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 5 | D+16 | Mike Quigley | Democratic | 2009 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 6 | R+5 | Peter Roskam | Republican | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 7 | D+37 | Danny K. Davis | Democratic | 1996 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 8 | D+6 | Joe Walsh | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Illinois 9 | D+15 | Jan Schakowsky | Democratic | 1998 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 10 | D+8 | Robert Dold | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Illinois 11 | D+6 | Judy Biggert Redistricted from the 13th district | Republican | 1998 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Illinois 12 | D+2 | Jerry Costello | Democratic | 1988 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| Illinois 13 | D+1 | Tim Johnson Redistricted from the 15th district | Republican | 2000 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| Illinois 14 | R+6 | Randy Hultgren | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 15 | R+11 | John Shimkus Redistricted from the 19th district | Republican | 1996 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Illinois 16 | R+4 | Don Manzullo | Republican | 1992 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican loss. |
|
| Adam Kinzinger Redistricted from the 11th district | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. | |||
| Illinois 17 | D+6 | Bobby Schilling | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Illinois 18 | R+10 | Aaron Schock | Republican | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana[edit]
| District | PVI | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indiana 1 | D+9 | Pete Visclosky | Democratic | 1984 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Indiana 2 | R+7 | Joe Donnelly | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
| Indiana 3 | R+13 | Marlin Stutzman | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Indiana 4 | R+13 | Todd Rokita | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Indiana 5 | R+11 | Dan Burton | Republican | 1982 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| Indiana 6 | R+12 | Mike Pence | Republican | 2000 | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Indiana. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| Indiana 7 | D+9 | André Carson | Democratic | 2008 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Indiana 8 | R+8 | Larry Bucshon | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Indiana 9 | R+9 | Todd Young | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Iowa[edit]
Iowa lost one seat in reapportionment, forcing a pair of incumbents, a Democrat and a Republican, into the same district.
| District | PVI | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iowa 1 | D+5 | Bruce Braley | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Iowa 2 | D+4 | David Loebsack | Democratic | 2006 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Iowa 3 | R+1 | Leonard Boswell | Democratic | 1996 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic loss. |
|
| Tom Latham Redistricted from the 4th district | Republican | 1994 | Incumbent re-elected. | |||
| Iowa 4 | R+4 | Steve King Redistricted from the 5th district | Republican | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kansas[edit]
Primary elections were held August 7, 2012.
| District | PVI | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kansas 1 | R+22 | Tim Huelskamp | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kansas 2 | R+7 | Lynn Jenkins | Republican | 2008 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kansas 3 | R+5 | Kevin Yoder | Republican | 2010 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|