Abortion law

Abortion laws vary widely among countries and territories, and have changed over time. Such laws range from abortion being freely available on request, to regulation or restrictions of various kinds, to outright prohibition in all circumstances. Many countries and territories that allow abortion have gestational limits for the procedure depending on the reason; with the majority being up to 12 weeks for abortion on request, up to 24 weeks for rape, incest, or socioeconomic reasons, and more for fetal impairment or risk to the woman's health or life. As of 2022, countries that legally allow abortion on request or for socioeconomic reasons comprise about 60% of the world's population. In 2024, France became the first country to explicitly protect abortion rights in its constitution.^[1]

Abortion continues to be a controversial subject in many societies on religious, moral, ethical, practical, and political grounds. Though it has been banned and otherwise limited by law in many jurisdictions, abortions continue to be common in many areas, even where they are illegal. According to a 2007 study conducted by the Guttmacher Institute and the World Health Organization, abortion rates are similar in countries where the procedure is legal and in countries where it is not,^[2][3] due to unavailability of modern contraceptives in areas where abortion is illegal.^[4] Also according to the study, the number of abortions worldwide is declining due to increased access to contraception.^[2][3]

History

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Abortion has existed since ancient times, with natural abortifacients being found amongst a wide variety of tribal people and in most written sources. The earliest known records of abortion techniques and general reproductive regulation date as far back as 2700 BC in China, and 1550 BC in Egypt.^[5] Early texts contain little mention of abortion or abortion law. When it does appear, it is entailed in concerns about male property rights, preservation of social order, and the duty to produce fit citizens for the state or community. The harshest penalties were generally reserved for a woman who procured an abortion against her husband's wishes, and for slaves who produced abortion in a woman of high status. Religious texts often contained severe condemnations of abortion, recommending penance but seldom enforcing secular punishment. As a matter of common law in England and the United States, abortion was illegal anytime after quickening—when the movements of the fetus could first be felt by the woman. Under the born alive rule, the fetus was not considered a "reasonable being" in rerum natura; and abortion was not treated as murder in English law.

In the 19th century, many Western countries began to codify abortion laws or place further restrictions on the practice. Anti-abortion movements were led by a combination of groups opposed to abortion on moral grounds, and by medical professionals who were concerned about the danger presented by the procedure and the regular involvement of non-medical personnel in performing abortions. Nevertheless, it became clear that illegal abortions continued to take place in large numbers even where abortions were rigorously restricted. It was difficult to obtain sufficient evidence to prosecute the women and abortion doctors, and judges and juries were often reluctant to convict. For example, Henry Morgentaler, a Canadian pro-choice advocate, was never convicted by a jury. He was acquitted by a jury in the 1973 court case, but the acquittal was overturned by five judges on the Quebec Court of Appeal in 1974. He went to prison, appealed, and was again acquitted. In total, he served 10 months, suffering a heart attack while in solitary confinement. Many were also outraged at the invasion of privacy and the medical problems resulting from abortions taking place illegally in medically dangerous circumstances. Political movements soon coalesced around the legalization of abortion and liberalization of existing laws.

By the first half of the 20th century, many countries had begun to liberalize abortion laws, at least when performed to protect the woman's life and in some cases on the woman's request. Under Vladimir Lenin, the Soviet Union became the first modern state in legalizing abortions on request—the law was first introduced in the Russian SFSR in 1920, in the Ukrainian SSR in July 1921, and then in the whole country.^[6][7] The Bolsheviks saw abortion as a social evil created by the capitalist system, which left women without the economic means to raise children, forcing them to perform abortions. The Soviet state initially preserved the tsarist ban on abortion, which treated the practice as premeditated murder. However, abortion had been practiced by Russian women for decades and its incidence skyrocketed further as a result of the Russian Civil War, which had left the country economically devastated and made it extremely difficult for many people to have children. The Soviet state recognized that banning abortion would not stop the practice because women would continue using the services of private abortionists. In rural areas, these were often old women who had no medical training, which made their services very dangerous to women's health. In November 1920, the Soviet government legalized abortion in state hospitals. The state considered abortion as a temporary necessary evil, which would disappear in the future communist society, which would be able to provide for all the children conceived.^{[8][page needed]} In 1936, Joseph Stalin placed prohibitions on abortions, which restricted them to medically recommended cases only, in order to increase population growth after the enormous loss of life in World War I and the Russian Civil War.^[9][10][7] In the 1930s, several countries (Poland, Turkey, Denmark, Sweden, Iceland, Mexico) legalized abortion in some special cases (pregnancy from rape, threat to mother's health, fetal malformation). In Japan, abortion was legalized in 1948 by the Eugenic Protection Law,^[11] amended in May 1949 to allow abortions for economic reasons.^[12] Abortion was legalized in 1952 in Yugoslavia (on a limited basis^[which?]), and again in 1955 in the Soviet Union on request. Some Soviet allies (Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Romania) legalized abortion in the late 1950s under pressure from the Soviets.^{[how?][13][additional citation(s) needed]}

In the United Kingdom, the Abortion Act of 1967 clarified and prescribed abortions as legal up to 28 weeks (later reduced to 24 weeks). Other countries soon followed, including Canada (1969), the United States (1973 in most states, pursuant to Roe v. Wade—the U.S. Supreme Court decision which legalized abortion nationwide), Tunisia and Denmark (1973), Austria (1974), France and Sweden (1975), New Zealand (1977), Italy (1978), the Netherlands (1984), and Belgium (1990). However, these countries vary greatly in the circumstances under which abortion was to be permitted. In 1975, the West German Supreme Court struck down a law legalizing abortion, holding that they contradict the constitution's human rights guarantees. In 1976, a law was adopted which enabled abortions up to 12 weeks. After Germany's reunification, despite the legal status of abortion in former East Germany, a compromise was reached which deemed most abortions up to 12 weeks legal, but this law was struck down by the Federal Constitutional Court and amended to only remove the punishment in such cases, without any statement to legality. In jurisdictions governed under sharia law, abortion after the 120th day from conception (19 weeks from LMP) is illegal, especially for those who follow the recommendations of the Hanafi legal school, while most jurists of the Maliki legal school "believe that ensoulment occurs at the moment of conception, and they tend to forbid abortion at any point [similar to the Roman Catholic Church]. The other schools hold intermediate positions. [...] The penalty prescribed for an illegal abortion varies according to particular circumstances involved. According to sharia, it should be limited to a fine that is paid to the father or heirs of the fetus."^[14]

Timeline of abortion on request

The table below lists in chronological order the United Nations member states that have legalized abortion on request in at least some initial part of the pregnancy, or that have fully decriminalized abortion. As of 2023, 67 countries have legalized or decriminalized abortion on request.

Notes

Where a country has legalized abortion on request, prohibited it, and legalized it again (e.g., former Soviet Union, Romania), only the later year is included. Countries that result from the merger of states where abortion on request was legal at the moment of unification show the year when it became legal across the whole national territory (e.g., Germany, Vietnam). Similarly, countries where not all subnational jurisdictions have legalized abortion on request are not included, leading to the exclusion of Australia, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. Countries where abortion on request was once legalized nationwide but has since been prohibited in at least part of the country, such as the United States and Poland, are also excluded. Countries are counted even if they were not yet independent at the time. The year refers to when the relevant law or judicial decision came into force, which may be different from the year when it was approved.

Year legalized	Countries	CpY	CC
1955	( Armenia  Azerbaijan  Belarus  Estonia  Georgia  Kazakhstan  Kyrgyzstan  Latvia  Lithuania  Moldova  Russia  Tajikistan  Turkmenistan  Ukraine  Uzbekistan as part of the Soviet Union)	15	15
1957	China[15][a][b] ( Czech Republic  Slovakia as part of Czechoslovakia)[c]	3	18
1965	Cuba	1	19
1973	Denmark  Tunisia[21]	2	21
1974	Singapore  Sweden	2	23
1975	Austria  France[d]  Vietnam[e]	3	26
1977	( Bosnia and Herzegovina  Croatia  Montenegro  North Macedonia  Serbia  Slovenia as part of Yugoslavia)	6	32
1978	Italy  Luxembourg	2	34
1979	Norway[f][g]	1	35
1983	Turkey	1	36
1984	Netherlands[h]	1	37
1986	Cape Verde  Greece	2	39
1988	Canada	1	40
1989	Mongolia[28]	1	41
1990	Belgium  Bulgaria  Romania	3	44
1992	Germany[i]	1	45
1993	Guinea-Bissau[29][30]	1	46
1995	Guyana	1	47
1996	Albania[j]	1	48
1997	Cambodia  South Africa	2	50
2002	Nepal  Switzerland	2	52
2007	Portugal	1	53
2010	Spain	1	54
2012	São Tomé and Príncipe[32]  Uruguay	2	56
2015	Mozambique[k]	1	57
2018	Cyprus	1	58
2019	Iceland  Ireland[l]	2	60
2020	New Zealand	1	61
2021	Argentina[m]  South Korea  Thailand	3	64
2022	Colombia  San Marino	2	66
2023	Finland[n]	1	67

International law

There are no international or multinational treaties that deal directly with abortion but human rights law and International criminal law touch on the issues.

The Nuremberg Military Tribunal decided the case of United States v Greifelt and Others (1948) on the basis that abortion was a crime within its jurisdiction according to the law defining crimes against humanity and thus within its definition of murder and extermination.^[36]

The Catholic Church remains highly influential in Latin America, and opposes the legalisation of abortion.^[37] The American Convention on Human Rights, which in 2013 had 23 Latin American parties, declares human life as commencing with conception. In Latin America, abortion on request is only legal in Cuba (1965), Uruguay (2012),^[38] Argentina (2021),^[35] Colombia (2022)^[39] and in parts of Mexico.^[40][41] Abortions are completely banned in the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua, and only allowed in certain restricted circumstances in most other Latin American nations.^[37]

In the 2010 case of A, B and C v Ireland, the European Court of Human Rights found that the European Convention on Human Rights did not include a right to an abortion.

In 2005, the United Nations Human Rights Committee (UN HRC) ordered Peru to compensate a woman (known as K.L.) for denying her a medically indicated abortion; this was the first time a United Nations Committee had held any country accountable for not ensuring access to safe, legal abortion, and the first time the committee affirmed that abortion is a human right.^[42] K.L. received the compensation in 2016.^[42] In the 2016 case of Mellet v Ireland, the UN HRC found Ireland's abortion laws violated International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights because Irish law banned abortion in cases of fatal fetal abnormalities.

National laws

While abortions are legal at least under certain conditions in almost all countries, these conditions vary widely. According to a United Nations (UN) report with data gathered up to 2019,^[43] abortion is allowed in 98% of countries in order to save a woman's life. Other commonly-accepted reasons are preserving physical (72%) or mental health (69%), in cases of rape or incest (61%), and in cases of fetal impairment (61%). Performing an abortion because of economic or social reasons is accepted in 37% of countries. Performing abortion only on the basis of a woman's request is allowed in 34% of countries, including in Canada, most European countries and China.^[43]

The exact scope of each legal ground also varies. For example, the laws of some countries cite health risks and fetal impairment as general grounds for abortion and allow a broad interpretation of such terms in practice, while other countries restrict them to a specific list of medical conditions or subcategories. Many countries that allow abortion have gestational limits for the procedure depending on the reason; with the majority being up to 12 weeks for abortion on request, up to 24 weeks for social, economic, rape, or incest reasons, and more for fetal impairment or threats to the woman's health or life.^[43]: 26

In some countries, additional procedures must be followed before the abortion can be carried out even if the basic grounds for it are met. How strictly all of the procedures dictated in the legislation are followed in practice is another matter. For example, in the United Kingdom, a Care Quality Commission's report in 2012 found that several NHS clinics were circumventing the law, using forms pre-signed by one doctor, thus allowing abortions to patients who only met with one doctor.^[44]

Roe V. Wade has been established in the US for almost 50 years, put into motion in 1973,  before its overturn in 2022 due to Dobbs v. Jackson. This ruling made abortion access not a constitutional right. The decision, most of which was leaked in early May, means that abortion rights will be rolled back in nearly half of the states immediately, with more restrictions likely to follow. For all practical purposes, abortion will not be available in large swaths of the country.[2] 13 States, Arkansas, Idaho, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming enacted a trigger law which placed an immediate but varying statewide abortion ban immediately following the overturning. These trigger laws were designed specifically to take effect immediately upon the fall of the Roe precedent. Other states, were bans are in effect after 6 weeks gestation, including Idaho, Tennessee, and Texas – have similar laws, which would take effect after 30 days of the overturning.[3]^[45]

Pill abortion access is legal in 36 states. However, a lawsuit in Texas is currently against the production and distribution of this Abortion pill, misoprostol. The ban would affect millions of women in the US who cannot access a medical procedural abortion due to a state ban. The group suing the FDA has asked for a preliminary injunction to take one of the two drugs used in a medication abortion, mifepristone, off the market while the case plays out.[4] This will effectively cause a nationwide ban of pill abortion if granted.^[46]

Summary tables

Countries

The table below summarizes the legal grounds for abortion in all United Nations member states and United Nations General Assembly observer states and some countries with limited recognition. This table is mostly based on data compiled by the United Nations up to 2019,^[47] with some updates, additions and clarifications citing other sources.

Legal grounds on which abortion is permitted in independent countries

Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Abkhazia[48]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Afghanistan	permitted[o]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited[o]	prohibited[o]	prohibited
Albania[31]	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	no limit	22 weeks	12 weeks
Algeria[55]	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Andorra	prohibited[p]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Angola[q]	permitted	permitted	16 weeks	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Antigua and Barbuda[60]	permitted[r]	prohibited[s]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Argentina[35]	no limit	no limit	no limit	14 weeks	14 weeks	14 weeks
Armenia[63]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	22 weeks	12 weeks
Australia [subdivisions]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	varies[t]
Australian Capital Territory[66][67]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
Christmas Island[u]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	23 weeks
Cocos Islands[v]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	23 weeks
Jervis Bay Territory[w]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
New South Wales[71]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	22 weeks
Norfolk Island[x]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
Northern Territory[75]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	prohibited[y]
Queensland[76]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	22 weeks
South Australia[77]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	22 weeks and 6 days
Tasmania[78]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	16 weeks
Victoria[79]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	24 weeks
Western Australia[80]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	23 weeks
Austria[81]	no limit	no limit	3 months[z]	no limit	3 months[z]	3 months[z]
Azerbaijan[82]	no limit	no limit	permitted	permitted	22 weeks	12 weeks
Bahamas[83]	permitted	permitted[aa]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Bahrain	permitted	prohibited[ab]	prohibited[ab]	prohibited[ab]	prohibited[ab]	prohibited[ab]
Bangladesh	no limit	prohibited[ac]	prohibited[ac]	prohibited[ac]	prohibited[ac]	prohibited[ac]
Barbados[86]	no limit	no limit	12 weeks	no limit	12 weeks	prohibited
Belarus[ad]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks	no limit	22 weeks	12 weeks
Belgium[90]	no limit	no limit	14 weeks[ae]	no limit	14 weeks[ae]	14 weeks[ae]
Belize	no limit	no limit	prohibited	no limit	permitted	prohibited
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Benin[92]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	prohibited
Bhutan[af]	180 days	180 days[ag]	180 days	180 days[ag]	prohibited	prohibited
Bolivia	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks[ah]	prohibited	prohibited
Bosnia and Herzegovina [subdivisions]	no limit	no limit	permitted	permitted	permitted	10 weeks
Brčko District[ai]	no limit	no limit	20 weeks	20 weeks	10 weeks	10 weeks
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina[ai]	no limit	no limit	20 weeks	20 weeks	10 weeks	10 weeks
Republika Srpska[98]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	10 weeks
Botswana[99]	16 weeks	16 weeks	16 weeks	16 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Brazil	22 weeks[aj]	prohibited	22 weeks[aj]	prohibited[aj]	prohibited	prohibited
Brunei[104]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Bulgaria[105]	no limit	20 weeks	permitted	no limit	12 weeks	12 weeks
Burkina Faso[106]	no limit	no limit	14 weeks	no limit	prohibited	prohibited
Burundi	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited[ak]	prohibited
Cambodia[108]	no limit	12 weeks	no limit	no limit	12 weeks	12 weeks
Cameroon[109]	permitted	28 weeks	28 weeks	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Canada[al] [subdivisions]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted
Alberta	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	20 weeks
British Columbia	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	23 weeks and 6 days
Manitoba	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	19 weeks and 6 days
New Brunswick	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	16 weeks
Newfoundland and Labrador	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	15 weeks
Northwest Territories	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	19 weeks and 6 days
Nova Scotia	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	16 weeks
Nunavut	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks
Ontario	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	23 weeks and 6 days
Prince Edward Island	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks and 6 days
Quebec	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	23 weeks and 6 days
Saskatchewan	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	18 weeks and 6 days
Yukon	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks and 6 days
Cape Verde[112]	no limit	no limit	12 weeks	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Central African Republic	8 weeks	prohibited[am]	8 weeks	8 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Chad	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Chile[114]	no limit	prohibited	12 weeks[an]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
China[a][115][116][b]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted
Colombia	no limit[ao]	no limit[ao]	no limit[ao]	no limit[ao]	24 weeks[ao]	24 weeks[ao]
Comoros[119]	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Congo	permitted[ap]	prohibited[ap]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Costa Rica	permitted	permitted	prohibited[aq]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Croatia[123]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	10 weeks	10 weeks
Cuba[124][125]	no limit	22 weeks	no limit	35 weeks	22 weeks	12 weeks
Cyprus[126]	permitted	permitted	19 weeks	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Czech Republic[127][128]	no limit	permitted[ar]	12 weeks	no limit	12 weeks	12 weeks
Democratic Republic of the Congo	permitted[as]	permitted[at]	permitted[at]	permitted[at]	prohibited	prohibited
Denmark[132]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	12 weeks[au]
Djibouti[133][134][135]	permitted	permitted[aa]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Dominica[136]	permitted	prohibited[av]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Dominican Republic[138]	prohibited[aw]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
East Timor[ax]	no limit	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Ecuador	permitted	permitted	permitted[ay]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Egypt[146][147]	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
El Salvador[148]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Equatorial Guinea[149]	12 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Eritrea[150]	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited[az]	prohibited[az]	prohibited[az]
Estonia[151]	22 weeks	22 weeks	12 weeks[ba]	22 weeks	12 weeks[ba]	12 weeks[ba]
Eswatini[152]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Ethiopia[153][154][155]	28 weeks	28 weeks	28 weeks	28 weeks	prohibited[bb]	prohibited
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Fiji[157]	no limit	no limit	20 weeks	no limit	prohibited	prohibited
Finland[n][159]	no limit	no limit	20 weeks	24 weeks	20 weeks	12 weeks
France[160][bc]	no limit	no limit	16 weeks[bd]	no limit	16 weeks[bd]	16 weeks[bd]
Gabon[163]	10 weeks	prohibited[be]	10 weeks	10 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Gambia[164][165][166]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Georgia[167][168]	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks
Germany	no limit	no limit	12 weeks	12 weeks[bf]	12 weeks[bf]	12 weeks[bf]
Ghana	28 weeks	28 weeks	28 weeks	28 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Greece[171]	no limit	no limit	19 weeks	24 weeks	12 weeks[bg]	12 weeks[bg]
Grenada[172]	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Guatemala[173][174]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Guinea	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Guinea-Bissau[29][175]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted
Guyana[176]	no limit	no limit	16 weeks	16 weeks	8 weeks[bh]	8 weeks[bh]
Haiti[bi]	permitted[bj]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Honduras[179]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Hungary	no limit	12 weeks[bk]	12 weeks[bk]	20 weeks[bl]	12 weeks[bk]	prohibited
Iceland[181]	no limit	no limit	permitted	no limit	permitted	22 weeks
India[182][183]	no limit	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks[bm]	24 weeks[bn]	prohibited
Indonesia[184][185]	no limit	no limit	14 weeks	no limit	prohibited	prohibited
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Iran[186][187][188]	4 months	4 months	prohibited[bo]	4 months	prohibited	prohibited
Iraq	permitted[bp]	prohibited[bq]	prohibited	prohibited[bq]	prohibited	prohibited
Ireland[194]	viability[br]	viability[br]	12 weeks	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Israel	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted[bs]	prohibited[bs]
Italy[196]	no limit	viability	90 days	90 days	90 days	90 days
Ivory Coast	permitted	prohibited[bt]	permitted	prohibited[bt]	prohibited	prohibited
Jamaica	permitted[bu]	permitted[bv]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Japan[203]	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	prohibited	22 weeks	prohibited
Jordan[204]	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Kazakhstan[205][206]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks	no limit	22 weeks	12 weeks
Kenya[207][208]	permitted	permitted	permitted[bw]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Kiribati[211]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Kosovo[212]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks	no limit	10 weeks	10 weeks
Kuwait[213]	permitted	4 months	prohibited	4 months	prohibited	prohibited
Kyrgyzstan[214][215]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	12 weeks
Laos	permitted[bx]	28 weeks[bx]	28 weeks[bx]	28 weeks[bx]	28 weeks[bx]	prohibited[bx]
Latvia[219][220]	permitted	24 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks
Lebanon[221]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Lesotho[222]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Liberia[223]	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Libya[224][225]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Liechtenstein[226]	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Lithuania[227]	no limit	no limit	12 weeks[by]	no limit	12 weeks[by]	12 weeks[by]
Luxembourg[228]	no limit	no limit	14 weeks	no limit	14 weeks	14 weeks
Madagascar	prohibited[bz]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Malawi[232]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Malaysia[233]	22 weeks	22 weeks	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Maldives[ca]	no limit	prohibited	120 days	120 days[cb]	prohibited	prohibited
Mali[238][239]	permitted	permitted[aa]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Malta[240]	viability	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Marshall Islands	permitted[bj]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Mauritania	permitted[cc]	prohibited[cc]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Mauritius[245]	no limit	no limit	14 weeks	no limit	prohibited	prohibited
Mexico[246] [subdivisions]	varies[cd]	varies[ce]	permitted[cf]	varies[ce]	varies[ce]	varies[ce]
Aguascalientes[251]	permitted	12 weeks	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Baja California[252]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Baja California Sur[253]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Campeche[254]	permitted	permitted	12 weeks[cf]	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Chiapas[255]	permitted	prohibited[ce]	90 days[cf]	permitted	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Chihuahua[256]	permitted	permitted	90 days[cf]	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Coahuila[257]	permitted	permitted[cg]	90 days[cf]	permitted	permitted[cg]	permitted[cg]
Colima[258]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Durango[259]	permitted	prohibited[ce]	permitted	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Guanajuato[260]	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]	permitted	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Guerrero[261]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Hidalgo[262]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Jalisco[263]	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Mexico City[264][265]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Mexico State[266]	permitted	prohibited[ce]	permitted	permitted	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Michoacán[267]	permitted	permitted	12 weeks[cf]	permitted	12 weeks	prohibited[ce]
Morelos[268]	permitted	prohibited[ce]	permitted	permitted	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Nayarit[269]	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Nuevo León[270]	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Oaxaca[271]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Puebla[272]	permitted	prohibited[ce]	permitted	permitted	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Querétaro[273]	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]	permitted	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Quintana Roo[274][275]	permitted	permitted	12 weeks[cf]	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
San Luis Potosí[276]	permitted	prohibited[ce]	permitted	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Sinaloa[277]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	13 weeks	13 weeks
Sonora[278]	permitted	prohibited[ce]	permitted	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Tabasco[279]	permitted	prohibited[ce]	permitted	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Tamaulipas[280]	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Tlaxcala[281]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Veracruz[282]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	12 weeks	12 weeks
Yucatán[283]	permitted	prohibited[ce]	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited[ce]
Zacatecas[284]	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]	prohibited[ce]
Micronesia	permitted[bj]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Moldova[285]	21 weeks	21 weeks	21 weeks	21 weeks	21 weeks	12 weeks[ch]
Monaco	no limit	no limit	12 weeks	no limit	prohibited	prohibited
Mongolia	23 weeks	23 weeks	permitted	permitted	14 weeks	14 weeks
Montenegro[286]	32 weeks	32 weeks	20 weeks	20 weeks	10 weeks	10 weeks
Morocco[ci]	no limit	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Mozambique	no limit	no limit	16 weeks	24 weeks[cj]	12 weeks	12 weeks
Myanmar[292][293]	no limit	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Namibia	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Nauru[294]	no limit	no limit	20 weeks	20 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Nepal[295][needs update]	28 weeks	28 weeks	28 weeks	28 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks
Netherlands[ck]	no limit	no limit	24 weeks	no limit	24 weeks	24 weeks
New Zealand[296]	no limit	no limit	permitted	permitted	permitted	20 weeks
Nicaragua	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Niger	permitted	permitted	prohibited	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Nigeria [subdivisions]	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Abia	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Adamawa	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Akwa Ibom	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Anambra	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Bauchi	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Bayelsa	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Benue	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Borno	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Cross River	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Delta	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Ebonyi	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Edo	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Ekiti	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Enugu	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Federal Capital Territory	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Gombe	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Imo	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Jigawa	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Kaduna	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Kano	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Katsina	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Kebbi	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Kogi	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Kwara	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Lagos	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Nasarawa	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Niger	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Ogun	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Ondo	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Osun	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Oyo	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Plateau	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Rivers	permitted	prohibited[cl]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Sokoto	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Taraba	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Yobe	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Zamfara	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Northern Cyprus[299]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	10 weeks
North Korea	permitted[cm]	permitted[cm]	unclear[cm]	permitted[cm]	unclear[cm]	unclear[cm]
North Macedonia	no limit	no limit	22 weeks[cn]	22 weeks[cn]	22 weeks[cn]	12 weeks
Norway[f]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	12 weeks
Oman	permitted[co]	permitted[co]	prohibited	120 days[co]	prohibited	prohibited
Pakistan[310][311]	no limit	organ formation[cp]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Palau	permitted[cq]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Palestine	permitted[cr]	prohibited[cr]	prohibited[cr]	prohibited[cr]	prohibited	prohibited
Panama[320][321]	no limit	prohibited	2 months	24 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Papua New Guinea[322]	permitted	prohibited[cs]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Paraguay[326]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Peru[327]	22 weeks	22 weeks	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Philippines[328]	prohibited[ct]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Poland[331]	no limit	no limit	13 weeks	prohibited[cu]	prohibited[cv]	prohibited
Portugal[334]	no limit	no limit	16 weeks	24 weeks	10 weeks	10 weeks
Qatar[335][336]	no limit	4 months	prohibited	4 months	prohibited	prohibited
Romania[337]	no limit	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	14 weeks
Russia[338][339][340]	permitted	permitted	22 weeks	no limit	12 weeks	12 weeks
Rwanda[341]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks	no limit	prohibited	prohibited
Saint Kitts and Nevis	permitted	permitted[cw]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Saint Lucia[344]	no limit	no limit	12 weeks	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[345]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited
Samoa[346]	20 weeks	20 weeks	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
San Marino[347]	viability[cx]	viability	viability	12 weeks[cy]	12 weeks	12 weeks
São Tomé and Príncipe[32]	no limit	no limit	no limit	16 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks
Saudi Arabia[348]	no limit	4 months	40 days[cz]	40 days[cz]	prohibited	prohibited
Senegal	permitted[da]	prohibited[da]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Serbia[355][356]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	10 weeks	10 weeks
Seychelles	12 weeks[db]	12 weeks[db]	12 weeks[db]	12 weeks[db]	prohibited	prohibited
Sierra Leone	permitted[dc]	permitted[dc]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Singapore[366]	no limit	no limit	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks	24 weeks
Slovakia[367][368]	no limit	permitted[dd]	12 weeks	no limit	12 weeks	12 weeks
Slovenia[369]	no limit	no limit	10 weeks	10 weeks	10 weeks	10 weeks
Solomon Islands[370]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Somalia[371][372][de]	permitted[df]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
South Africa	no limit	20 weeks	20 weeks	no limit	20 weeks	12 weeks
South Korea[dg]	permitted	24 weeks	24 weeks	permitted	permitted[dh]	permitted[dh]
South Ossetia[378]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	22 weeks	12 weeks
South Sudan[379]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Spain[380]	22 weeks	22 weeks	14 weeks	22 weeks[di]	14 weeks	14 weeks
Sri Lanka[381]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Sudan[382]	no limit	prohibited	90 days[dj]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Suriname	permitted[dk]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Sweden[384]	no limit	no limit	18 weeks	18 weeks	18 weeks	18 weeks
Switzerland[385]	no limit	no limit	12 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks	12 weeks
Syria[386]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Taiwan[387][388]	no limit	no limit	24 weeks	no limit	24 weeks	prohibited
Tajikistan[389]	permitted	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	12 weeks
Tanzania[dl]	no limit	permitted[dm]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Thailand[393][394]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	20 weeks	20 weeks
Country	Risk to life	Risk to health	Rape	Fetal impairment	Economic or social	On request
Togo[395]	permitted	permitted	permitted	permitted	prohibited	prohibited
Tonga	permitted[dn]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Transnistria[398][399]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks	no limit	22 weeks	12 weeks
Trinidad and Tobago	permitted[do]	permitted[do]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Tunisia[21]	no limit	no limit	3 months	no limit	3 months	3 months
Turkey[403][404][405]	no limit	10 weeks	20 weeks	no limit	10 weeks	10 weeks
Turkmenistan[406]	no limit	no limit	permitted	permitted	22 weeks	5 weeks
Tuvalu[407]	permitted	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Uganda	28 weeks	28 weeks	28 weeks	28 weeks	prohibited	prohibited
Ukraine[408]	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	12 weeks[dp]	12 weeks[dp]
United Arab Emirates	no limit	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited[dq]	prohibited	prohibited
United Kingdom [subdivisions]	no limit	no limit	permitted[dr]	no limit	24 weeks[dr]	varies[ds]
England[416]	no limit	no limit	permitted[dr]	no limit	24 weeks[dr]	prohibited
Northern Ireland[415]	no limit	no limit	permitted[dr]	no limit	24 weeks[dr]	12 weeks
Scotland[416]	no limit	no limit	permitted[dr]	no limit	24 weeks[dr]	prohibited
Wales[416]	no limit	no limit	permitted[dr]	no limit	24 weeks[dr]	prohibited
United States[417] [subdivisions]	no limit	varies[dt]	varies[dt]	varies[dt]	varies[dt]	varies[dt]
Alabama[418]	no limit	no limit	prohibited	prohibited[du]	prohibited	prohibited
Alaska	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
Arizona[420][421][422]	no limit	no limit[dv]	15 weeks[dv]	15 weeks[dv]	15 weeks[dv]	15 weeks[dv]
Arkansas[423][424]	no limit	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
California[dw]	no limit	no limit	viability	viability	viability	viability
Colorado	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
Connecticut	no limit	no limit	viability	viability	viability	viability
Delaware	no limit	no limit	viability	no limit	viability	viability
District of Columbia	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
Florida[425][426]	no limit	no limit	15 weeks	15 weeks[dx]	15 weeks	15 weeks
Georgia[427][428][429]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks[dy]	no limit	heartbeat[dz]	heartbeat[dz]
Hawaii	no limit	no limit	viability	viability	viability	viability
Idaho[430][431]	no limit	prohibited	15 weeks[ea]	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Illinois	no limit	no limit	viability	viability	viability	viability
Indiana[433][434]	no limit	no limit	12 weeks[eb]	prohibited[ec]	prohibited	prohibited
Iowa[435][436]	no limit	no limit	22 weeks[dy]	22 weeks[dy][ed]	22 weeks[dy][ed]	22 weeks[dy][ed]
Kansas	no limit	no limit	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks	22 weeks
Kentucky[437][438]	no limit	no limit	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Louisiana[439]	no limit	no limit	prohibited	prohibited[ee]	prohibited	prohibited
Maine[441]	no limit	no limit	viability[ef]	viability[ef]	viability[ef]	viability
Maryland[442]	no limit	no limit	viability[eg]	no limit	viability[eg]	viability[eg]
Massachusetts	no limit	no limit	24 weeks	no limit	24 weeks	24 weeks
Michigan[dw][445]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
Minnesota[446][447]	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit	no limit
Mississippi[448][449][450]	no limit	prohibited	20 weeks	prohibited	prohibited	prohibited
Missouri[451]	no limit	× × €4.95 / month Favourites List Audio Listining Color Mode Monthly New Updates Fullname * Email * Credit or debit card Subscribe A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Notice Message: Undefined variable: userid Filename: user/popup_modal.php Line Number: 68 Backtrace: File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/views/user/popup_modal.php Line: 68 Function: _error_handler File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/views/page/index.php Line: 478 Function: view File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/controllers/Main.php Line: 107 Function: view File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/index.php Line: 315 Function: require_once "> Subscribe Now Premium Membership × €4.95 € 9.90 / month Create a Premium Account quick and easy Save your Favourite Pages Listen to any page in Audio Colour Night Mode Create your Account Modal title × Close Save changes Cancel Subscription × Abortion_law" id="cancelSubscription" name="cancelSubscription" class="mb-0"> Are you sure you want to cancel your membership with us? A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Notice Message: Undefined variable: user_membership Filename: user/popup_modal.php Line Number: 192 Backtrace: File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/views/user/popup_modal.php Line: 192 Function: _error_handler File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/views/page/index.php Line: 478 Function: view File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/controllers/Main.php Line: 107 Function: view File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/index.php Line: 315 Function: require_once A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Warning Message: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() Filename: user/popup_modal.php Line Number: 192 Backtrace: File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/views/user/popup_modal.php Line: 192 Function: _error_handler File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/views/page/index.php Line: 478 Function: view File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/controllers/Main.php Line: 107 Function: view File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/index.php Line: 315 Function: require_once A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Notice Message: Undefined variable: userid Filename: user/popup_modal.php Line Number: 208 Backtrace: File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/views/user/popup_modal.php Line: 208 Function: _error_handler File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/views/page/index.php Line: 478 Function: view File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/controllers/Main.php Line: 107 Function: view File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/index.php Line: 315 Function: require_once "> Yes Cancel Continue Subscription Harry Potter Books × A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Notice Message: Undefined variable: products Filename: user/popup_harry_book.php Line Number: 24 Backtrace: File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/views/user/popup_harry_book.php Line: 24 Function: _error_handler File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/views/page/index.php Line: 479 Function: view File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/controllers/Main.php Line: 107 Function: view File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/index.php Line: 315 Function: require_once A PHP Error was encountered Severity: Warning Message: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() Filename: user/popup_harry_book.php Line Number: 24 Backtrace: File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/views/user/popup_harry_book.php Line: 24 Function: _error_handler File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/views/page/index.php Line: 479 Function: view File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/controllers/Main.php Line: 107 Function: view File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/index.php Line: 315 Function: require_once