Bassel al-Assad

Bassel al-Assad بَاسِلُ ٱلْأَسَدِ
Bassel al-Assad, c. 1992
Native name	بَاسِلُ ٱلْأَسَدِ
Nickname(s)	The Golden Knight
Born	23 March 1962 Damascus, Syria
Died	21 January 1994(1994-01-21) (aged 31) Damascus, Syria
Allegiance	Syria
Service / branch	Syrian Arab Army
Years of service	1980–1994
Rank	Colonel
Unit	2nd Special Forces Regiment, 14th Airborne Division Republican Guard
Commands	42nd Special Forces Regiment 12th Armoured Battalion, Syrian Arab Republican Guard.
Awards	Hero of the Republic Order of Salahaddin
Relations	al-Assad family

Bassel al-Assad (Arabic: بَاسِلُ ٱلْأَسَدِ, romanized: Bāsil al-ʾAsad; 23 March 1962 – 21 January 1994) was a Syrian engineer, colonel, equestrian and politician who was the eldest son of Syrian President Hafez al-Assad and the older brother of (later) President Bashar al-Assad. It was widely expected that he would succeed his father as President of Syria until he died in a car crash in 1994.^[1]

Bassel al-Assad was born on 23 March 1962.^[2] He was trained as a civil engineer, and held a PhD in military sciences.^[3][4] He said about his childhood:

We saw father at home but he was so busy that three days could go by without us exchanging a word with him. We never had breakfast or dinner together, and I don't remember ever having lunch together as a family, or maybe we only did once or twice when state affairs were involved. As a family, we used to spend a day or two in Lattakia in the summer, but then too he used to work in the office and we didn't get to see much of him.^[5]

Trained in parachuting, he was commissioned in the Special Forces and later switched to the armoured corps after training in the Soviet military academies.^[4] He rapidly rose through the ranks, becoming a major and then commander of a brigade in the Republican Guard.^[6][7]

After his father recovered from a serious illness in 1984, Bassel began to accompany him and he emerged on the national scene in 1987, when he won several equestrian medals at a regional tournament.^[8][7] The Ba'ath Party press in Syria eulogised him as the "Golden Knight" because of his prowess on horseback.^[9] He also had a reputation for an interest in fast cars, and his friends described him as charismatic and commanding.^[10][11] Assad was soon appointed Head of Presidential Security.^[12][13] In addition, he launched the Syrian Computer Society in 1989, which was later headed by Bashar.^[14]

Originally Assad's uncle, Rifaat al-Assad, was Hafez's chosen successor but Rifaat attempted to usurp power from Hafez while the latter was in a coma in 1984. This led to Rifaat's exile.^[4] Following the incident, Bassel was groomed to succeed his father.^[15][16] Hafez's efforts intensified to make Bassel the next President of Syria in the early 1990s;^[4] after Hafez's election victory in 1991, the President was publicly referred to as "Abu Basil" (Father of Bassel).^[17] Bassel was also being introduced to European and Arab leaders; he was a close friend of the children of King Hussein of Jordan, especially Haya bint Hussein who also enjoyed equestrianism,^[18] and had been also introduced to King Fahd of Saudi Arabia.^[9]

Assad had a significant role in Lebanese affairs, and was known to Lebanese leaders of all sects.^{[citation needed]} He organised a highly publicised anti-corruption campaign within the government and frequently appeared in full military uniform at official receptions to signal the government's commitment to the armed forces.^[10]

Aside from his native Arabic, Bassel was said to be fluent in French and Russian.^[9] According to leaked United States diplomatic cables, he had a relationship with a Lebanese woman, Siham Asseily,^[19] who later married Lebanese journalist and deputy Gebran Tueni.^[20]

On 21 January 1994, while he was driving his luxury Mercedes at a high speed (author Paul Theroux reports Bassel was driving at 240 kilometers per hour (150 mph) through fog to Damascus International Airport for a privately chartered flight to Frankfurt, Germany, on his way to a ski vacation in the Alps in the early hours of the morning),^[21][22][23] Bassel collided with a barrier and, not wearing a seatbelt, died instantly.^[10][24] Hafez Makhlouf was with him and was hospitalized with injuries after the accident; a chauffeur in the back seat was unhurt.^[24][10]

Assad's body was taken to Al Assad University Hospital and then buried in Qardaha, where his father's body was also later buried.^[22][25]

After his death, shops, schools and public offices in Syria closed, and the sale of alcohol was suspended in respect.^[7] He was elevated by the state into "the martyr of the country, the martyr of the nation and the symbol for its youth".^[7]

A great number of squares and streets were named after him. The new international swimming complex, various hospitals, sporting clubs and a military academy were named after him. The international airport in Latakia was named after him, Bassel Al-Assad International Airport. His statue is found in several Syrian cities, and even after his death, he is often pictured on billboards with his father and brother.^[7] He also has an equestrian statue in Aleppo,^[26] and formerly in Chtaura, Lebanon.^[27]

On 17 November 2020, a museum dedicated to him was inaugurated at the Latakia Sports City.^[28]

Bassel Assad's death led to his lesser-known brother Bashar al-Assad, who was then undertaking postgraduate training in ophthalmology in London, assuming the mantle of president-in-waiting. Bashar became President following the death of his father, on 10 June 2000.^[29][30]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bassel al-Assad.

• The death of Bassel al Assad BBC World Service Witness episode