HOXC6
From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Homeobox protein Hox-C6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXC6 gene.[5][6][7] Hox-C6 expression is highest in the fallopian tube and ovary.[8] HoxC6 has been highly expressed in many types of cancers including prostate, breast, and esophageal squamous cell cancer.[9]
Function[edit]
This gene belongs to the homeobox family, members of which encode a highly conserved family of transcription factors that play an important role in morphogenesis in all multicellular organisms. Mammals possess four similar homeobox gene clusters, HOXA, HOXB, HOXC and HOXD, which are located on different chromosomes and consist of 9 to 11 genes arranged in tandem. This gene, HOXC6, is one of several HOXC genes located in a cluster on chromosome 12. Three genes, HOXC5, HOXC4 and HOXC6, share a 5' non-coding exon. Transcripts may include the shared exon spliced to the gene-specific exons, or they may include only the gene-specific exons. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for HOXC6. Transcript variant two includes the shared exon, and transcript variant one includes only gene-specific exons.[7] HOXC6 plays a role in lymphoma. The HOXC6 isoform, HOXC6-2 is an active carcinogenic for gastric cancer. It stimulates gastric cancer cells proliferation by acting as an oncogene. Downregulation of this gene’s isoforms could potentially lead to less proliferation of certain cancerous cells. With the HOXC6-1 isoform, there were no statistically significant effects on migration, invasion, apoptosis, or proliferation when it was downregulated.[10] According to a study in Cancer Cell International, suppression of the HOXC6 gene plays a role in blocking the TGF-β/SMAD cascade. This then leads to the weakening of epithelial to mesenchymal transition for the cervical carcinoma.[11]
Knock-out model[edit]
A knockout model using small interfering RNA showed that knockout of HOXC6 was associated with apoptosis. Additionally, the presence of HOXC6 was associated with inhibition of paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Thus, HOXC6 was demonstrated to induce proliferative activity.[12]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197757 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000001661 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ McAlpine PJ, Shows TB (July 1990). "Nomenclature for human homeobox genes". Genomics. 7 (3): 460. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(90)90186-X. PMID 1973146.
- ^ Scott MP (November 1992). "Vertebrate homeobox gene nomenclature". Cell. 71 (4): 551–553. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90588-4. PMID 1358459. S2CID 13370372.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: HOXC6 homeobox C6".
- ^ "Tissue expression of HOXC6 - Summary - The Human Protein Atlas". www.proteinatlas.org. Retrieved 2022-04-11.
- ^ Tang L, Cao Y, Song X, Wang X, Li Y, Yu M, et al. (2019-03-14). "HOXC6 promotes migration, invasion and proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells via modulating expression of genes involved in malignant phenotypes". PeerJ. 7: e6607. doi:10.7717/peerj.6607. PMC 6421064. PMID 30886783.
- ^ Lin J, He J, He X, Wang L, Xue M, Zhuo W, et al. (October 2020). "HoxC6 Functions as an Oncogene and Isoform HoxC6-2 May Play the Primary Role in Gastric Carcinogenesis". Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 65 (10): 2896–2906. doi:10.1007/s10620-019-06013-7. PMID 31900716. S2CID 209541406.
- ^ Zhang F, Ren CC, Liu L, Chen YN, Yang L, Zhang XA (December 2018). "HOXC6 gene silencing inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell viability through the TGF-β/smad signaling pathway in cervical carcinoma cells". Cancer Cell International. 18 (1): 204. doi:10.1186/s12935-018-0680-2. PMC 6290547. PMID 30559605.
- ^ Moon SM, Kim SA, Yoon JH, Ahn SG (October 2012). "HOXC6 is deregulated in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and modulates Bcl-2 expression". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 287 (42): 35678–35688. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.361675. PMC 3471680. PMID 22896703.
Further reading[edit]
- Acampora D, D'Esposito M, Faiella A, Pannese M, Migliaccio E, Morelli F, et al. (December 1989). "The human HOX gene family". Nucleic Acids Research. 17 (24): 10385–10402. doi:10.1093/nar/17.24.10385. PMC 335308. PMID 2574852.
- Boncinelli E, Acampora D, Pannese M, D'Esposito M, Somma R, Gaudino G, et al. (1990). "Organization of human class I homeobox genes". Genome. 31 (2): 745–756. doi:10.1139/g89-133. PMID 2576652.
- Rabin M, Ferguson-Smith A, Hart CP, Ruddle FH (December 1986). "Cognate homeo-box loci mapped on homologous human and mouse chromosomes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 83 (23): 9104–9108. Bibcode:1986PNAS...83.9104R. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.23.9104. PMC 387083. PMID 2878432.
- Simeone A, Mavilio F, Acampora D, Giampaolo A, Faiella A, Zappavigna V, et al. (July 1987). "Two human homeobox genes, c1 and c8: structure analysis and expression in embryonic development". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 84 (14): 4914–4918. Bibcode:1987PNAS...84.4914S. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.14.4914. PMC 305217. PMID 2885844.
- Simeone A, Pannese M, Acampora D, D'Esposito M, Boncinelli E (June 1988). "At least three human homeoboxes on chromosome 12 belong to the same transcription unit". Nucleic Acids Research. 16 (12): 5379–5390. doi:10.1093/nar/16.12.5379. PMC 336773. PMID 2898768.
- Corsetti MT, Levi G, Lancia F, Sanseverino L, Ferrini S, Boncinelli E, Corte G (January 1995). "Nucleolar localisation of three Hox homeoproteins". Journal of Cell Science. 108 ( Pt 1) (1): 187–193. doi:10.1242/jcs.108.1.187. PMID 7738096.
- Apiou F, Flagiello D, Cillo C, Malfoy B, Poupon MF, Dutrillaux B (1996). "Fine mapping of human HOX gene clusters". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 73 (1–2): 114–115. doi:10.1159/000134320. PMID 8646877.
- Chariot A, Castronovo V, Le P, Gillet C, Sobel ME, Gielen J (October 1996). "Cloning and expression of a new HOXC6 transcript encoding a repressing protein". The Biochemical Journal. 319 ( Pt 1) (1): 91–97. doi:10.1042/bj3190091. PMC 1217739. PMID 8870653.
- Kosaki K, Kosaki R, Suzuki T, Yoshihashi H, Takahashi T, Sasaki K, et al. (February 2002). "Complete mutation analysis panel of the 39 human HOX genes". Teratology. 65 (2): 50–62. doi:10.1002/tera.10009. PMID 11857506.
- Ramachandran S, Liu P, Young AN, Yin-Goen Q, Lim SD, Laycock N, et al. (January 2005). "Loss of HOXC6 expression induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells". Oncogene. 24 (1): 188–198. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207906. PMID 15637592.
- Hori Y, Gu X, Xie X, Kim SK (April 2005). "Differentiation of insulin-producing cells from human neural progenitor cells". PLOS Medicine. 2 (4): e103. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020103. PMC 1087208. PMID 15839736.
- Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, et al. (January 2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Research. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.
- Zhang X, Hamada J, Nishimoto A, Takahashi Y, Murai T, Tada M, Moriuchi T (2007). "HOXC6 and HOXC11 increase transcription of S100beta gene in BrdU-induced in vitro differentiation of GOTO neuroblastoma cells into Schwannian cells". Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. 11 (2): 299–306. doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00020.x. PMC 3822828. PMID 17488478.
External links[edit]
- HOXC6+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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