Indian Union Muslim League
From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Indian Union Muslim League | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | I. U. M. L. |
| President | K. M. Kader Mohideen |
| Chairman | Sayyid Sadiq Ali Shihab Thangal |
| Secretary | P. K. Kunhalikutty |
| Lok Sabha Leader | E. T. Muhammed Basheer |
| Rajya Sabha Leader | P. V. Abdul Wahab |
| Founder | M. Muhammad Ismail |
| Founded |
|
| Preceded by | AIML |
| Headquarters | Quaid-e-Millath Manzil, No. 36, Maraikayar Lebbai Street, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.[1] |
| Student wing | Muslim Students Federation (M. S. F.) |
| Youth wing | Muslim Youth League (the Youth League) |
| Women's wing | Muslim Women's League |
| Labour wing | Swatantra Thozhilali Union (S. T. U.) |
| Peasant's wing | Swathanthra Karshaka Sangam (Kerala) |
| Ideology | Conservatism[2] Minority rights Islamic modernism[3] |
| Political position | Centre-right[4][5] |
| Alliance | UDF (Kerala) SPA (Tamil Nadu) INDIA (national level) |
| Seats in Lok Sabha | 3 / 543 |
| Seats in Rajya Sabha | 2 / 245 |
| Seats in Kerala Legislative Assembly | 15 / 140 |
| Election symbol | |
 | |
| Party flag | |
 | |
| Website | |
| iumlkerala | |
Indian Union Muslim League (abbreviated as the IUML or Muslim League) is an Islamist political party primarily based in the southern Indian state of Kerala. It is recognised as a State Party in Kerala by the Election Commission of India.[6]
After the Partition of India, the first Council of the Indian segment of the All-India Muslim League was held on 10 March 1948 at the South Indian city of Madras (now Chennai).[7] The party renamed itself as the 'Indian Union Muslim League' and adopted a new constitution on 1 September 1951.[7]
IUML is a major member of the opposition United Democratic Front, the INC-led pre-poll state level alliance in Kerala.[8][9] Whenever the United Democratic Front rules in Kerala, the party leaders are chosen as important Cabinet Ministers. The party has always had a constant, albeit small, presence in the Indian Parliament.[8] The party is a part of the INDIA in national level.[8] The League first gained a ministry (Minister of State for External Affairs) in Indian Government in 2004.[10]
The party currently has five members in Parliament - E. T. Mohammed Basheer, M. P. Abdussamad Samadani and Kani K. Navas in the Lok Sabha and P. V. Abdul Wahab and Adv. Haris Beeran[11] in the Rajya Sabha - and fifteen members in Kerala State Legislative Assembly.
History
[edit]
The first Muslim political agency in the region was the Kerala Muslim Majlis formed in 1931. It joined the federal setup of All-India Muslim League later.[12]
After the partition of India in 1947, the All-India Muslim League was virtually disbanded. It was succeeded by the Indian segment of the Muslim League in the new Dominion of India (first session on 10 March 1948 and constitution passed on 1 September 1951).[13] M. Muhammad Ismail, the then President of the Madras unit of the Muslim League was chosen as the Convener of the Indian segment of the party.[7] The Travancore Muslim League (the States' Muslim League) was merged with the Malabar League in November 1956.[7]
Indian Union Muslim League contests General Elections under the Indian Constitution.[13] The party is normally represented by two members in the Indian Lower House (the Lok Sabha).[13] B. Pocker, elected from Malappuram Constituency, was a member of the First Lower House (1952–57) from the Madras Muslim League.[13] The party currently has four members in Parliament.
Apart from Kerala and West Bengal, the League had Legislative Assembly members in Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Maharastra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, and Assam.[14] In West Bengal, the League had won Assembly seats in the 1970s, and A. K. A. Hassanussaman was a member of the Ajoy Mukherjee cabinet.[15]
Indian Union Muslim League first gained a ministry in Kerala Government as part of the Communist Party of India Marxist-led United Front in 1967. The party switched fronts in 1969 and formed an alliance with the Congress in 1976.[16][9] It later became a chief constituent in a succession of Indian National Congress-led ministries.[9]
Early years
[edit]- First Council of the Indian segment of the Muslim League was held on 10 March 1948 at the south Indian city of Madras (now Chennai).[7]
- On 1 September 1951, the 'Indian Union Muslim League' came into being in Madras (constitution was passed).[7]
- B. Pocker Sahib, elected from Malappuram Constituency, was a member of the first Lok Sabha (1952–57).[13]
- K. M Seethi Sahib served as the Speaker of the Kerala Assembly from 1960 to 1961.[17]
From the 1960s to the 80s
[edit]- The League gained a ministry in Kerala Government in 1967 (C. H. Mohammed Koya and M. P. M. Ahammed Kurikkal).[9]
- The League oversaw the creation of the University of Calicut, the second university in Kerala, in 1968.[9]
- Contribution to local government - the League oversaw the creation of Malappuram District in 1969.[9]
- Death of M. Muhammad Ismail (1972) and Bafaqy Thangal (1973).[18] Syed Ummer Bafaqy Thangal rebels against the leadership.[18]
With the Congress Party
[edit]- Muslim League formed an alliance with the Congress in 1976.[16]
- C. H. Mohammed Koya served as the Chief Minister of Kerala from 12 October to 1 December 1979.[19]
- Muslim League joined the Congress (Indira)-lead United Democratic Front in 1979/80.
- The 'rebel' Muslim League formed 'All India Muslim League' and joined the Left Front in 1980.[18][20]
- C. H. Mohammed Koya and K. Avukaderkutty Naha served as Deputy Chief Ministers of Kerala in the 1980s.[19]
In the 1990s
[edit]- All India Muslim League (AIML) quit the Left Front and merged with the Muslim League in 1985.[21]
- Demolition of the Babri Masjid (1992). Panakkad Syed Mohammed Ali Shihab Thangal made a passionate plea to all the Muslims in Kerala to remain calm.[22] Kerala remained peaceful throughout.[23]
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait, then National President, rebelled and formed the Indian National League (INL) in 1994.[24]
- Minister of Education (E. T. Mohammad Basheer) decided to establish the University of Sanskrit (1993) in Kerala.[24][25]
From the 2000s
[edit]- Atal Bihari Vajpayee dispatched E. Ahamed to the United Nations (Geneva) to represent India (2004).[24][23]
- Mid-2000s witnessed the Manjeri (2004) and the Kuttippuram-Mankada (2006) defeats.[26]
- The League first gained a ministry (E. Ahamed) in Indian Government (Manmohan Singh Ministry) in 2004.[27]
- Panakkad Syed Mohammed Ali Shihab Thangal died in 2009.[22]
- The League won a record 20 out of the contested 23 seats in the 2011 Assembly Elections.
- The League remains in the Opposition for two consecutive terms (2016 and 2021)
National President of Indian Union Muslim League
[edit]| No. | Name | Portrait | Tenure | Home State |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M. Muhammed Ismail | .jpg) | 10 March 1948 — 5 April 1972 | Tamil Nadu |
| 2 | Bafaqy Thangal |
| 1972 — 19 January 1973 | Kerala |
| 3 | Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait |  | 1973—1994 | Karnataka |
| 4 | G. M. Banatwala | 1994— 25 June 2008 | Maharashtra | |
| 5 | E. Ahamed |  | 25 June 2008 — 1 February 2017 | Kerala |
| 6 | K. M. Kader Mohideen |  | 27 February 2017 — present | Tamil Nadu |
Ideology
[edit]| Part of a series on |
| Conservatism |
|---|
 |
The [Indian Union Muslim League] party...has shown strands of identity politics, but largely remained communitarian; it has at times been conservative, but never communal. It has furthered Muslim aspirations without antagonising any other segment—and hence has retained its centrality in the larger Kerala polity.
The distinctive feature of the [Indian Union] Muslim League in Kerala is that it strove to keep the [Muslim] community at the centre of the [Kerala] state's politics, unlike other Muslim political formations elsewhere in India that revelled in confessional isolationism. As a result, the Kerala Muslims emerged as probably the only community of that faith in India that achieved genuine political empowerment on the one hand and, on the other, lived out the promise of equal citizenship enshrined in the [Indian] Constitution.
— Outlook[29]
If organising a religious community politically on the basis of antagonism to another is communalism, the IUML has never mobilised its cadre nor used its political and often administrative clout to create religious divides. On the contrary, whenever the state faced a communally sensitive situation, the party rose to the occasion and played a stellar role in dousing the flames....By practicing a brand of politics that could be termed communitarian rather than communal, the IUML succeeded in actualising the constitutional guarantee of equal citizenship for the Muslims in the state.
Composition
[edit]| Designation | Name |
|---|---|
| Chairman- Political Advisory Committee (PAC) | Sadiq Ali Thangal (Kerala) |
| National President | K. M. Kader Mohideen (Tamil Nadu)[31] |
| Vice Presidents | Iqbal Ahmed (Uttar Pradesh) |
| Dastagir Ibrahim Aga (Karnataka) | |
| National General Secretary | P. K. Kunhalikutty (Kerala)[32] |
| National Organising Secretary | E. T. Mohammed Basheer (Kerala) |
| National Treasurer | P. V. Abdul Wahab (Kerala)[33] |
| Secretaries | Khorrum Anis Omer (Delhi) |
| M. P. Abdussamad Samadani (Kerala) | |
| S. Naim Akthar (Bihar) | |
| Siraj Ebrahim Sait (Karnataka) | |
| Assistant Secretaries | Abdul Basith (Tamil Nadu) |
| Kausar Hayat Khan (Uttar Pradesh) |
Organizational structure
[edit]- Youth Wing: Muslim Youth League (the Youth League) [1][permanent dead link]
- National President: Asif Ansari (New Delhi)
- National Secretary: Najma Thabsheera (Kerala) [34]
- national Council Secretary: Faisal Babu (Kerala)[35]
- National vice President Mufeeda Thesni (Kerala) [34]
- Kerala State President: Sayyid Munavvar Ali Shihab Thangal
- Kerala State secretary: Fathima Thahiliya[34]
- Kerala State General Secretary: P. K. Firoz
- Students' Wing: Muslim Students Federation (M. S. F.)
- National President: P.V. Ahamed Saju
- National General Secretary: S. H. Muhammed Arshad
- Scheduled Caste Wing: Indian Union Dalit League
- Women's Political Wing: Haritha and Muslim Women's League
- Trade Union Organization (Kerala): Swatantra Thozhilali Union (S.T.U)
- Peasants' Union (Kerala): Swathanthra Karshaka Sangam (Independent Peasants Union)
- Advocates: Lawyers Forum
- Expatriates: Kerala Muslim Cultural Centre (K. M. C. C.)
Kerala Legislative Assembly
[edit]Source: http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/electionhistory.html Archived 11 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine
Early years (1957 - 1979/80)
[edit]| Election | Seats | Vote% | Government/Opposition | Ministers | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Won (Contested) | |||||
| 1957 | 8 (19) As independents | 4.72 | Opposition (to Namboodiripad Ministry) 1957 - 59 | [20][36] | |
| 1960 | 11 (12) | 5.0  | Government (Pattom Ministry) 1960 - 62
| Excluded from the Pattom Ministry[37] | [37][20][38] |
| Abstaining Opposition (to Shankar Ministry)[37] 1962 - 64 | [37] | ||||
| 1965 | 6 (16) | 3.71  | Inconclusive (no government formed)[37] | [38][20] | |
| 1967 | 14 (15) | 6.75 | Government[9] (Namboodiripad Ministry) 1967 - 69 |
| [9][38] |
| Government (Achutha Menon Ministry) 1969 - 70 | [39] | ||||
| 1970 | 11 (20) | 7.7 | Government (Achutha Menon Ministry) 1970 - 77 |
| [39][40] |
| 1977 | 13 (16) | 6.65 | Government (Karunakaran Ministry) 1977 | [39][40] | |
| Government (Antony Ministry) 1977 - 78 |
| ||||
| Government (PKV Ministry) 1978 - 79 | |||||
| Government (Koya Ministry) 1979 | |||||
With the United Democratic Front (1979/80 - present)
[edit]| Election | Seats | Vote % | Government/Opposition[9] | Ministers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Won (Contested) | ||||
| 1980 | 14 (21) | 7.18 | Opposition (to Nayanar Ministry) 1980 - 81 | |
| Government (Karunakaran Ministry) 1981 - 82 | ||||
| 1982 | 14 (18) | 6.17 | Government (Karunakaran Ministry) 1982 - 87 |
|
| 1987 | 15 (23) | 7.73 | Opposition (to Nayanar Ministry) 1987 - 91 | |
| 1991 | 19 (22) | 7.37 | Government (Karunakaran Ministry) 1991 - 95 |
|
| Government (Antony Ministry) 1995 - 96 |
| |||
| 1996 | 13 (23) | 7.19 | Opposition (to Nayanar Ministry) 1996 - 2001 | |
| 2001 | 16 (21) | 7.59 | Government (Antony Ministry) 2001 - 2004 |
|
| Government (Chandy Ministry) 2004 - 2006 |
| |||
| 2006 | 7 (21) | 7.30 | Opposition (to Achuthanandan Ministry) 2006 - 11 | |
| 2011 | 20 (23) | 7.92 | Government (Chandy Ministry) 2011 - 16 | |
| 2016 | 18 (23) | 7.40 | Opposition (to Vijayan Ministry) 2016 - 2021 | |
| 2021 | 15 (25) | 8.27 | Opposition (to Vijayan Ministry) | |
Current members
[edit]
Electoral performance
[edit]| Election Year | Alliance | Seats contested | Seats won | Total Votes | Percentage of votes | +/- Vote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | UDF | 2 | 2 / 20 | 1,199,839 | 6.07% | 0.59% |
| 2019 | UDF | 2 | 2 / 20 | 1,111,697 | 5.48% | 0.94% |
| 2014 | UDF | 2 | 2 / 20 | 816,226 | 4.54% | 0.54% |
| 2009 | UDF | 2 | 2 / 20 | 813,741 | 5.07% | 0.21% |
| 2004 | UDF | 2 | 1 / 20 | 733,228 | 4.86% | 0.44% |
| 1999 | UDF | 2 | 2 / 20 | 810,135 | 5.30% | 0.29% |
| 1998 | UDF | 2 | 2 / 20 | 745,070 | 5.01% | 0.07% |
| 1996 | UDF | 2 | 2 / 20 | 745,070 | 5.08% | 0.06% |
| 1991 | UDF | 2 | 2 / 20 | 715,222 | 5.02% | 0.21% |
| 1989 | UDF | 2 | 2 / 20 | 780,322 | 5.23% | 0.06% |
| 1984 | UDF | 2 | 2 / 20 | 575,754 | 5.29% | 0.27% |
| 1980 | UDF | 2 | 2 / 20 | 454,235 | 5.60% | 0.40% |
| 1977 | UDF | 2 | 2 / 20 | 533,726 | 6.0% | 0.38% |
| 1971 | LDF | 2 | 2 / 19 | 366,702 | 5.62% | 0.98% |
| 1967 | LDF | 2 | 2 / 19 | 413,868 | 6.6% | 2.11% |
| 1962 | LDF | 3 | 2 / 18 | 248,038 | 4.49% | 2.84% |
| 1957 |  | 1 | 1 / 18 | 99,777 | 1.65% | New |
| Election Year | Alliance | Seats contested | Seats won | Total Votes | Percentage of votes | +/- Vote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | UDF | 25 | 15 / 140 | 1,723,593 | 8.27% | 0.87% |
| 2016 | UDF | 23 | 18 / 140 | 1,496,864 | 7.4% | 0.52% |
| 2011 | UDF | 23 | 20 / 140 | 1,383,670 | 7.92% | 0.62% |
| 2006 | UDF | 21 | 7 / 140 | 1,135,098 | 7.30% | 0.70% |
| 2001 | UDF | 23 | 16 / 140 | 1,259,572 | 8.00% | 0.81% |
| 1996 | UDF | 22 | 13 / 140 | 1,025,556 | 7.19% | 0.18% |
| 1991 | UDF | 22 | 19 / 140 | 1,044,582 | 7.37% | 0.36% |
| 1987 | UDF | 23 | 15 / 140 | 985,011 | 7.73% | 1.56% |
| 1982 | UDF | 18 | 14 / 140 | 590,255 | 6.17% | 1.01% |
| 1980 | UDF | 21 | 14 / 140 | 684,910 | 7.18% | 0.52% |
| 1977 | UDF | 16 | 13 / 140 | 584,642 | 6.66% | 0.90% |
| 1970 | LDF | 20 | 11 / 133 | 569,220 | 7.56% | 0.81% |
| 1967 | LDF | 15 | 14 / 133 | 424,159 | 6.75% | 2.92% |
| 1965 | | 16 | 6 / 133 | 242,529 | 3.83% | 1.13% |
| 1960 | | 12 | 11 / 126 | 401,925 | 4.96% | New |
| 1957 | | 19 | 8 / 126 | 4.72% | |
Members of Parliament
[edit]Loksabha
[edit]Source: Loksabha
- 1st House
- B. Pocker (Malappuram)
- 2nd House - No members
- B. Pocker (Manjeri) - independent
- 3rd House
- C. H. Mohammed Koya (Kozhikode)
- M. Muhammad Ismail (Manjeri)
- 4th House
- M. Muhammad Ismail (Manjeri)
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (Kozhikode)
- S. M. Muhammed Sheriff (Ramanathapuram)
- 5th House
- M. Muhammad Ismail (Manjeri)
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (Kozhikode)
- S. M. Muhammed Sheriff (Periyakulam)
- Abu Taleb Chowdhury (Murshidabad) - independent
- 6th House
- G. M. Banatwalla (Ponnani)
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (Manjeri)
7th House
- G. M. Banatwalla (Ponnani)
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (Manjeri)
- A. K. A. Abdul Samad(Vellore)
8th House
- G. M. Banatwalla (Ponnani)
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (Manjeri)
9th House
- G. M. Banatwalla (Ponnani)
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (Manjeri)
- A. K. A. Abdul Samad (Vellore)
- 10th House
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (Ponnani)
- E. Ahamed (Manjeri)
- 11th-13th Houses
- G. M. Banatwalla (Ponnani)
- E. Ahamed (Manjeri)
- 14th House
- E. Ahamed (Ponnani) as Union Minister of State.[27]
- K.M. Kader Mohideen(Vellore)
- 15th House
- E. Ahamed (Malappuram) as Union Minister of State[27]
- E. T. Mohammed Basheer(Ponnani)
- Abdul Rahman (Vellore)
- 16th House
- E. Ahamed and P. K. Kunhalikutty (Malappuram)
- E. T. Mohammed Basheer (Ponnani)
- 17th House
- P. K. Kunhalikutty and M. P. Abdussamad Samadani (Malappuram)
- E. T. Mohammed Basheer (Ponnani)
- K. Navas Kani (Ramanathapuram)
- E. T. Mohammed Basheer(Malappuram)
- M. P. Abdussamad Samadani (Ponnani)
- K. Navas Kani (Ramanathapuram)
Rajya Sabha
[edit]Source: Rajyasabha
- M. Muhammad Ismail (1952–58) - independent
Kerala
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait (1960–66)
- Abdulla Koya (1967–73, 1974–98)
- Hamid Ali Schamnad (1970–79)
- Abdussamad Samadani (1994–2006)
- Korambayil Ahammed (1998–03)
- P. V. Abdul Wahab (2004–10, 2015–21)
- Adv.Haris Beeran (2024-
Tamil Nadu
- A. K. A. Abdul Samad (1964–70)
- S. A. Khwaja Mohideen (1968–74)
- A. K. A. Abdul Samad (1970– 76)
- A. K. Refaye (1972–78)
- S. A. Khwaja Mohideen (1974-80)
Controversies
[edit]The party when in control of the local self-government department, issued a circular which legalised marriage for Muslim women between ages of 16 and 18 and Muslim men below age 21.The circular was later amended after backlash.[41]
The Muslim League has opposed the Supreme Court of India verdict regarding entry of adult women to Sabarimala temple.[42][43] It is also at odds with several LGBTQ rulings from the Supreme Court.[44] The party also supports the primacy of Muslim Personal Law among Indian Muslims.[45][46]
IUML opposes implementing gender neutrality and comprehensive sex education in school curriculum saying that it promotes homosexuality, leads to sexual anarchy and is part of an atheist-liberal conspiracy to destroy religious values.[47][48][49]
An article by the current president of the Muslim League, on Hagia Sophia,[50] seemed to support the views of political Islam.[51][52]
Muslim League generally presents itself as a conservative political party in Kerala.[53][54] In 2021, ten female leaders from the disbanded Haritha state committee lodged a police complaint against the state president of the Muslim Students Federation (MSF) and the Malappuram district general secretary, accusing them of making sexual remarks.[55][56]
In July 2023, following the Manipur violence where a woman was paraded naked in public,[57] members of the Muslim League raised anti Hindu slogans in Kanhangad, located in the Kasaragod district of Kerala. The following day, Kerala Police arrested five of those members.[58][59] [60]Upon criticism over the incident, the State President of IUML Panakkad Sayyid Sadiq Ali Shihab Thangal responded on 28 July, saying no one has the right to hurt the sentiments and faith of others.[61]
See also
[edit]
- List of political parties in India
- All-India Muslim League
- Indian Independence Movement
- List of Islamic political parties
References
[edit]- ^ "List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013" (PDF). India: Election Commission of India. 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ^ "Leaderless Anti-CAA Protests Underscore Muslim Political Orphanhood". 4 February 2022.
- ^ "Atheist Fundamentalists". The Times of India.
- ^ "A coloured scheme of things".
- ^ Mukherjee, Pampa; Saxena, Rekha; Mitra, Subrata (16 June 2022). The 2019 Parliamentary Elections in India Democracy at the Crossroads?. Taylor and Francis. ISBN 9781000591057.
... the Indian Union Muslim League(IUML) in Kerala,... are all, by and large, centre-right political formations
- ^ "List of Political Parties & Symbol MAIN Notification". Election Commission of India. 31 December 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f Wright, T. (1966). The Muslim League in South India since Independence: A Study in Minority Group Political Strategies. The American Political Science Review, 60(3), 579-599. JSTOR 1952972
- ^ a b c "Explained: History of Muslim League in Kerala and India". The Indian Express. 6 April 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i James Chiriyankandath (1996) Changing Muslim politics in Kerala: identity, interests and political strategies, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 16:2, 257-271.
- ^ Press Trust of India (19 June 2004). "E. Ahamed: Minister of State for External Affairs". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
- ^ "Jose K Mani, P P Suneer, Haris Beeran elected to Rajya Sabha unopposed".
- ^ Thampi, Praveen S. (14 February 2016). "Indian Union Muslim League looks set now on a conservative course as BJP knocks in Kerala". The Economic Times. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "Explained: History of Muslim League in Kerala and India". The Indian Express. 6 April 2019. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
- ^ "History of Indian Union Muslim League". Indian Union Muslim League (website). Archived from the original on 17 February 2013.
- ^ Ameerudheen, T. A. (21 May 2017). "Will the Muslim League's decision to go national affect Asaduddin Owaisi plans for his party?". Scroll. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020.
- ^ a b Menon, Girish (22 March 2016). "How the Muslim League is at peace with itself". The Hindu. Trivandrum. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ^ "SPEAKERS AND DEPUTY SPEAKERS OF KERALA LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY" (PDF). Kerala Legislative Assembly. Trivandrum: Secretariat of the Kerala Legislature. 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
- ^ a b c Wright (23 June 1948). "Muslims and the 1977 Indian Elections: A Watershed?". Asian Survey. 17 (12): 1207–1220. doi:10.2307/2643422. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2643422. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ^ a b Chief Minister of Kerala (Official Website)
- ^ a b c d Radhakrishnan, M. G. (19 April 2019). "Revenge of the Dead Horse". Asianet News. Trivandrum. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020.
- ^ Pillai, Sreedhar (31 August 1985). "Indian Union Muslim League and All India Muslim League merge in Kerala". India Today. Kerala. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020.
- ^ a b IANS (2 August 2009). "Kerala mourns passing away of Panakkad Thangal". Gulf News. Malappuram. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ^ a b Nair, Preetha (19 April 2019). "A Coloured Scheme of Things". Outlook. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020.
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- ^ "University at a Glance".
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- ^ a b c "E. Ahamed: Minister of State for External Affairs". Hindustan Times. Press Trust of India. 19 June 2004. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
- ^ Salik Ahmad (17 February 2020). "The Leaderless Face Of Anti-CAA Agitation -- Is It Political Orphanhood Of Muslims?". Outlook. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ Shajahan Madampat (21 August 2017). "Malappuram Isn't Mini Kashmir". Outlook. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ Shajahan Madampat (11 April 2019). "The importance of IUML". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "K M Khader Mohideen is IUML National President". India Today. 26 February 2017. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ^ "P K Kunhalikutty is IUML national general secretary". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ^ "Indian Union Muslim League national committee members". iuml.com. Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
- ^ a b c "Kerala: Ousted Haritha leaders given top posts in Muslim Youth League". May 2024.
- ^ "Faisal Babu is the All India General Secretary of the Youth League". 19 March 2021. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
- ^ Jeffrey, Robin. "Politics, Women and Well-Being: How Kerala became a Model" Palgrave McMillan (1992); 112 and 114.
- ^ a b c d e f Wright, Theodore P. 'The Muslim League in South India since Independence.' American Political Science Review, vol. 60, no. 3, 1966, pp. 579–599., doi:10.2307/1952972.
- ^ a b c Malhotra, Inder. "The eternal Kerala pattern". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 24 June 2020.
- ^ a b c Nossiter, Thomas Johnson (1982). Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp. 5–6.
- ^ a b Kartha, G. S. (15 May 1977). "Kerala seems to be drifting towards instability". India Today. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020.
- ^ P, Ullekh N. (3 July 2013). "Gulf money fueling Muslim extremism in Kerala;IUML grows more militant to take on other radical islamist parties". The Economic Times. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
- ^ "Sabarimala verdict: Indian Union Muslim League for review petition; urges UDF to back devotees". The New Indian Express. 5 October 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Kerala Polls 2021: CPM Indulging In Doublespeak On Love Jihad, CAA & Sabarimala: IUML Leader M K Muneer". outlookindia.com. 18 January 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Indian Union Muslim League opposes Supreme Court verdict, says it is against Indian culture". Times of India. Archived from the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ "Circular to legalise earlier marriages". New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ "IUML, CPM, CPI against Centre's bid to raise legal age of marriage for women". OnManorama. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Govt encouraging homosexuality: IUML leader on new school curriculum". Hindustan Times.
- ^ "Muslim league slams Kerala gender-neutral initiative". Deccan Herald.
- ^ "IUML leader K M Shaji says LGBTQ members are worst humans". Manorama online.
- ^ "Sadiq Ali Thangal takes over leadership of Muslim League at the most critical period of its existence". OnManorama. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Sadiqali has his work cut out". The Hindu.
- ^ "Analysis | Growing Christian-Muslim alienation, Kerala civic polls and Kunhalikutty's Christmas cake diplomacy". OnManorama. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Young women lead churn within Muslim League". The New Indian Express. 17 September 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "'Haritha' row points to emerging new political outlook within IUML". OnManorama. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Police probe has lost pace, ex-Haritha leaders tell women's panel". The New Indian Express. 12 October 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Women's League rejects former Haritha leaders' gender politics". The New Indian Express. 29 September 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
- ^ "Women Paraded Naked in Manipur Video Move SC Seeking SIT Probe". News18. 31 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
- ^ Bureau, ABP News (27 July 2023). "5 Arrested For 'Provocative' Sloganeering During IUML Youth Rally In Kerala". news.abplive.com. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ Service, Statesman News (27 July 2023). "5 of IUML youth-wing held in Kerala for provocative slogans". The Statesman. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
- ^ "Over 300 Muslim League members booked for inflammatory 'anti-Hindu' slogans at Kerala rally". Financialexpress. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
- ^ Gilveser Assary, Deccan Chronicle (28 July 2023). "Don't hurt sentiments and faith of others, cautions IUML chief Thangal".
External links
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Media related to Indian Union Muslim League at Wikimedia Commons
