Jianyang dialect
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| Jianyang | |
|---|---|
| Gṳ̿ing-iô̤ng-dī / 建陽事 | |
| Native to | Southern China |
| Region | Jianyang, Fujian |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | jian1241 |
Jianyang (Kienyang) (Northern Min: Gṳ̿ing-iô̤ng-dī / 建陽事) is a dialect of Northern Min Chinese spoken in Jianyang in the north of Fujian province.
Phonology[edit]
Jianyang dialect has 18 initials, 34 rimes and 8 tones.
Initials[edit]
| Stops | Nasals | Fricatives | Approx. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | pʰ | m | β | |
| t | tʰ | n | l | |
| ts | tsʰ | s | ||
| k | kʰ | ŋ | x | |
| ʔ | h | ɦ | ||
- Fricative and affricate sounds /ts, tsʰ, s, x/ are realized as more palatal as [tɕ, tɕʰ, ɕ, ç], when preceding front vowels.
- /β/ can be realized as an approximant [ʋ] within different segments.
Rimes[edit]
| a | ia | ua | |
| ɔ | iɔ | ||
| o | uo | ||
| e | ie | ue | ye |
| ai | |||
| ɔi | ui | ||
| au | |||
| au | iu | ||
| i | y | ||
| aŋ | iaŋ | uaŋ | |
| ɔŋ | iɔŋ | uɔŋ | |
| eiŋ | ieiŋ | ueiŋ | yeiŋ |
| aiŋ | |||
| ɔiŋ | |||
| oŋ | iŋ | uŋ |
Tones[edit]
| No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tone name | dark level 陰平 | light level A 陽平甲 | light level B 陽平乙 | rising 上聲 | dark departing 陰去 | light departing 陽去 | dark entering 陰入 | light entering 陽入 |
| Tone contour | ˥˧ (53) | ˧˧˦ (334) | ˦˩ (41) | ˨˩ (21) | ˧˧˨ (332) | ˦˧ (43) | ˨˩˦ (214) | ˦ (4) |
The entering tones in Jianyang dialect don't have any entering tone coda (入聲韻尾) such as /-ʔ/, /-p̚/, /-t̚/ and /-k̚/. It's quite different from many other Chinese dialects.
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
- ^ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- Chen, Matthew (2000). Tone Sandhi: Patterns across Chinese Dialects. CUP.
- Norman, Jerry (1969). "The Kienyang Dialect of Fukien". Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
- Compilation Commission of Chorography of Jianyang County 建阳县地方志编纂委员会 (1994). Jian yang xian zhi 建阳县志 ["Chorography of Jianyang County"]. Vol. 31. Beijing: Qunzhong chubanshe 群众出版社 ["Masses Press"]. ISBN 9787501412297.
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