LGBT rights in Victoria

From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia

LGBT rights in Victoria
Victoria, Australia
StatusAlways legal for women; Decriminalised for men in 1981
Equal age of consent since 1991
Gender identityChange of sex marker on birth certificate does not require sex reassignment surgery
Discrimination protectionsYes (both state and federal law)
Family rights
Recognition of relationshipsSame-sex marriage legally recognised since 2017
Domestic partnership registries since 2008
AdoptionAdoption is legal for all same-sex couples

The Australian state of Victoria is regarded as one of the country's most progressive jurisdictions with respect to the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people.[1][2][3][4][5]

Laws regarding homosexuality[edit]

Buggery was a crime in Victoria[6] from 1958 until December 1980, when the Hamer Liberal government repealed the state's sodomy laws, with the death penalty being on the books for sodomy in Victoria until 1949.

The law passed 72–7,[7] and went into effect in March 1981.[8] The age of consent for homosexual acts was set at 18.[9] However, a loosely worded "soliciting for immoral purposes" clause, inserted by dissident Liberals, saw police continue to harass homosexual men until the late 1980s.[10]

Homosexual activism in Australia, mainly for gay men, was founded in Victoria. This is particularly prominent in Melbourne. The Melbourne-based Daughters of Bilitis (Australia), inspired by the American Daughters of Bilitis group, was Australia's first openly homosexual political organisation, although it was short-lived. It was followed by the gay rights organisation Society Five, which formed in 1971.[9][11] Additional rights organisations followed, including the Homosexual Law Reform Coalition in 1975 and the Gay Teachers Group in the late 1970s,[12] both of which were also based in Melbourne.

The Victorian LGBT community monitored events in South Australia surrounding the decriminalisation of homosexuality which took place between 1972 and 1975. In 1976, The Age reported that police had used entrapment to make mass arrests at Victoria's Black Rock Beach which angered the LGBT community and gave the issue wide public attention across Australia. Amidst the storm of protest and debate, widespread support for the decriminalisation of male homosexual acts surfaced within the political mainstream.[13][14]

The age of consent for homosexual acts was equalised to 16 in 1991 by the Crimes (Sexual Offences) Act 1991.[9]

Implemented by royal assent on and since March 1, 2022 (now an Act) - any remaining draconian legislation banning sex between consenting adults in private within Victoria were finally removed and repealed.[15] In May 2022, the recently implemented legislation went into effect.[16]

HIV transmission law repeal[edit]

In April 2015, the Andrews Government announced it would repeal Section 19A of the Crimes Act, a law which singled out intentional HIV transmission for harsher penalties of up to 25 years imprisonment, in contrast to the maximum penalty for manslaughter which was 20 years.[17] As a result of the reform, intentional infection of HIV is now considered under existing criminal offences such as "causing serious injury".[17] The Crimes Amendment (Repeal of Section 19A) Act 2015 passed the Parliament on 28 May 2015 and received royal assent on 2 June 2015, before immediately going into effect.[18][19][20]

In April 2022, a bill passed both houses of the Parliament and the Governor of Victoria granted royal assent became an Act - that repeals all HIV legislation within Victoria on mandatory public health disease notifications, blood donations and also human tissue services. The law goes into effect from February 15, 2023 or by proclamation sooner.[21][22]

Historical convictions expungement[edit]

Victoria was the first state in the nation to pass legislation creating an expungement scheme for historical homosexual sexual offences that were no longer a criminal offence.[23] The legislation was one of the final Acts of the Napthine Government, and passed the Parliament with bipartisan support on 15 October 2014.[24][25][26] The scheme came into effect on 1 September 2015, and since that date an individual or an appropriate representative of a deceased person can apply to expunge historical convictions for homosexual sexual activity, that is no longer a criminal offence.[27]

Applications to expunge a conviction can be made to the Secretary of the Department of Justice & Regulation. After a conviction is expunged the individual can claim not to have been convicted or found guilty of that offence, ensuring they will not be required to disclose such information and that the conviction does not show up on a police records check.[27] Without the law, men who were convicted have had to deal with consequences, including restrictions on travel and applying for some jobs.[28]

Schemes of this nature now exist in all other jurisdictions of Australia.

Wikinews has related news:

On 24 May 2016, the Victorian Government issued a formal apology, delivered in Parliament, to the LGBT community, specifically men, who had been charged with homosexual offences in the state prior to its decriminalisation in 1981.[29][30] Premier Daniel Andrews said in a speech to the Victorian Parliament:

"On behalf of the parliament, the government and the people of Victoria: for the laws we passed, and the lives we ruined, and the standards we set, we are so sorry; humbly, deeply, sorry."[31]

Opposition leader Matthew Guy said the following:

Australia post-war was a very, very intolerant place towards gay people, particularly gay men, and today we're going to apologise for that.

Recognition of same-sex relationships[edit]

Same-sex marriage[edit]

Same-sex marriage became legal in Victoria, and in the rest of Australia, in December 2017, after the Federal Parliament passed a law legalising same-sex marriage.[32]

Municipal relationship registers[edit]

In April 2007, the City of Melbourne set up a Relationship Declaration Register[33] for all relationships and carers, and the City of Yarra launched its Relationship Declaration Register[34] the following month.[35] Under the programs two people may declare that they are partners and have this declaration recorded in the Relationship Declaration Register. Though the register does not confer legal rights in the way traditional marriage does, it may be used to demonstrate the existence of a de facto relationship in relation to the Property Laws Act 1958, the Administration and Probate Act 1958 and other legislation involving domestic partnerships. Both local governments discontinued the registers in 2018, after the federal legalisation of same-sex marriage.[36][37]

Domestic partnerships[edit]

Since 2008 Victoria has allowed same-sex couples to register their relationships as a domestic partnership, referred to specifically in the legislation as a "domestic relationship". The Relationships Act passed the Parliament on 10 April 2008 and received royal assent five days later.[38] The law, introduced by the Bracks Government, allowed same-sex couples to register their relationship with the Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages and amended 69 other pieces of legislation, ensuring equal treatment for registered relationships in most areas of Victorian law.[39] The legislation was subject to a conscience vote in both houses of parliament; it passed the Legislative Assembly on 12 March 2008 by a vote of 54 to 24 before passing the Legislative Council by a vote of 29 to 9 on 10 April 2008.[40][41][42] The law came into effect on 1 December 2008.[43][44]

In October 2015, the Andrews Government announced it intended to make Victoria the fourth state in the nation to recognise the marriages and civil partnerships of same-sex couples performed overseas, in the state's relationships register.[45] The government introduced the Relationships Amendment Bill to the Parliament on 6 October, before it was passed by the Legislative Assembly on 12 November 2015.[46][47] The bill passed the Legislative Council on 10 December 2015, with a key amendment attached creating a provision for the register to "conduct a ceremony in connection with the registration of a relationship".[46][48][49] The Assembly re-worded the amendment, though retained the ability for the register to conduct a ceremony in connection with a registered relationship, and the bill formally passed the Parliament on 16 February 2016.[46][50] The bill received royal assent on 16 February 2016 and became the Relationships Amendment Act 2016.[51] Portions of the law that; provided for immediate recognition of a domestic relationship for unions entered into in different jurisdictions, removed the previous 12-month living requirement for couples, and recognised de facto relationships, overseas same-sex marriages and civil unions on death certificates, went into effect on 1 July 2016.[52][53] Under the commencement provisions of the legislation, the entirety of law went into effect on 1 October 2016.[54]

De facto relationship recognition legislation[edit]

In August 2001, the Statute Law Amendment (Relationships) Act 2001[55] and the Statute Law Further Amendment (Relationships) Act 2001[56] amended 60 Acts in Victoria to give same-sex couples, called domestic partners, some rights equal to those enjoyed by de facto couples, including hospital access, medical decision making, superannuation, inheritance rights, property tax, landlord/tenancy rights, mental health treatment, and victims of crime procedures.[57]

Civil union proposal[edit]

In March 2006, openly gay independent Victorian MP Andrew Olexander proposed a private member's bill to allow civil partnerships in the state, but the Bracks state government did not support it and did not allow it to be drafted by the parliamentary counsel.[58]

Adoption and parenting rights[edit]

Adoption[edit]

Victorian law has allowed same-sex adoption since 1 September 2016. In May 2014, the state conference of the Victorian Labor Party unanimously approved a change in the party's platform, in support of full adoption rights for same-sex couples.[59][60] After Labor won government at the November 2014 state election, the newly appointed Equality Minister Martin Foley promised to amend the Adoption Act 1984 to allow for adoptions by same-sex couples. Foley said Labor would also tackle other inequalities, including the inability of a step-parent to adopt their partner's child and the inability of a gay couple to jointly adopt a child conceived through IVF.[61] A review of Victoria's adoption laws, commissioned by former chief parliamentary counsel Eamonn Moran QC, handed a final report to the Minister on 8 May 2015.[62][63]

A bill to give same-sex couples adoption rights was introduced to Parliament on 6 October 2015.[64][65] The bill, subject to a conscience vote for the Liberal/ National opposition, was passed by the Legislative Assembly by 54 votes to 26, with 7 abstentions.[66] No Liberal MP voted in favour of the bill, however six of the eight National MPs supported the legislation.[67] The bill proceeded to the Legislative Council. On 12 November 2018, the Council passed the bill by a margin of 31 to 8.[68] Despite passage, the government failed to attract sufficient support for a clause in the bill which prevented faith-based organisations from being able to refuse adoption orders for same-sex couples, as conservative Liberal/National and minor party councillors voted against it.[68][69][70] Only one adoption agency (Catholic Care Victoria) had reportedly threatened to cease providing adoption services if it was compelled to assist adoptions to same-sex couples.[71] The amended bill returned to the Legislative Assembly on 9 December 2015, where it was promptly passed.[72] The bill received royal assent on 15 December 2015 and came into effect on 1 September 2016.[64][73][74][75]

Prior to that reform, same-sex couples could only be appointed as foster parents or guardians in Victoria, and they did not have the right to adopt a child together, even if that child had been in their care for years.[62] In response to a 2007 Victorian Law Reform Commission report into assisted reproduction, surrogacy and adoption, the Brumby Government stopped short of granting same-sex couples full adoption rights.[76]

A Supreme Court of Victoria decision in 2010 concerning the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 granted individual gay men and lesbian women some adoption rights by concluding that the state's Adoption Act 1984 "permits one person in a same-sex couple to adopt", opening the door to step-parent adoption for some couples.[77][78] The Liberal Government of 2010–14 briefly examined the issue of same-sex adoption in the later stages of its term in office, though despite Premier Denis Napthine expressing an openness to reform, the issue was never substantially tackled by the Government.[79]

Between 2017 and March 2023, only five same-sex couples within Victoria had been formally approved to adopt children. The convenor of support group Gay Dads attributes the low number to the long drawn-out bureaucratic process involved in adopting children (by anyone) in Victoria. Also, research has shown that for various reasons there has also been a national trend away from adoption, and permanent care is more common than adoption.[80]

Assisted reproduction and surrogacy[edit]

In May 1988, Victoria became the first state in Australia in which a child was born by use of IVF surrogacy. In July 1988, sections 11, 12, and 13 of the Infertility (Medical Procedures) Act 1984 were commenced to prevent a repetition of IVF surrogacy in Victoria, by prohibiting the use of IVF technology on women who have not been diagnosed as infertile and rendering commercial and altruistic surrogacy arrangements void.[81] In addition, only women who were married were allowed to access IVF treatment. Then in 1997, women in de facto relationships with men were allowed access to IVF treatment under the Infertility Treatment (Amendment) Act 1997.[82]

On 28 July 2000, re McBain v State of Victoria, Justice Sundberg of the Federal Court of Australia concluded that the Victorian legislation infringed the prohibition on discrimination found in section 22 of the Sex Discrimination Act. This eliminated any marriage requirement, but did not clearly address the medical needs requirement. This legal decision opened the door for lesbian couples to use IVF procedures.[83][84]

In June 2007, the Victorian Law Reform Commission released its final report[85] recommending that the laws be modified to allow more people to use assisted reproductive technologies and to allow same-sex couples to adopt and be recognised as parents to their partner's children.[86] The proposed changes would also mean drastic reforms to surrogacy which, while technically legal, was practically impossible in Victoria; a woman would no longer have to be clinically infertile to be a surrogate mother. In addition, parents who have children through surrogacy would be able to go to the County Court and apply for a substitute parentage order for legal recognition.[87] Birth certificates could use the word parent instead of mother and father.[88]

Victoria adopted most of the 202 recommendations of the Victorian Law Reform Commission in legislation which was introduced to Parliament in September 2008.[89][90] This made IVF legal for all women (except sex offenders), and gave parents of surrogate children, including female same-sex partners, greater parenting rights.[91] Altruistic surrogacy would become legal, while commercial surrogacy would remain illegal.

The lower house voted 47–34 in favour of the Assisted Reproductive Treatment Bill 2008, with all Coalition members voting against it.[92] After passing the upper house by just two votes, the bill was amended and forced back for another vote in the lower house, where it passed. The bill subsequently received Royal Assent on 4 December 2008 and became effective from 1 January 2010.[93][94]

In July 2021, a loophole in Victorian legislation was discovered and used recently to legally "withdraw consent contracts of their sperm donation and embryos to certain recipients or groups (e.g. singles and same-sex couples)". Victoria is the only jurisdiction within Australia to legally do this.[95] In September 2021, the Assisted Reproductive Treatment Amendment Bill 2021 was introduced and passed in the lower house in the same month to remove this loophole. It passed the upper house with an amendment in October 2021. The ARTA bill went straight back to the lower house for another vote passed again a week later, due to an amendment. The bill eventually passed both houses and received royal assent by the Governor of Victoria in the same month. The legislation went into legal effect on August 15, 2022.[96][97][98]

Rainbow birth certificates[edit]

In July 2020, it was reported by the Australian media Star Observer that "rainbow" birth certificates became available for same-sex parents since March 2020 - due to the 10th anniversary of the Victoria government passing laws on IVF and surrogacy equality back in January 2010. Victoria has made changes to their rules to allow a child's birth registration to recognise both parents as "mother" or "father" or "parent". The new rules came into force earlier this year in March 2020. The rules will also allow families to correct previously issued birth certificates. Since March 2022, NSW also has a similar schedule where rainbow birth certificates are available.[99][100]

Vilification laws[edit]

Victoria has no vilification legislation, however does have "inciting violence towards individuals within Victoria" - as an explicit serious offence listed under the Crimes Act 1958. In June 2022, a bill formally passed and assented to became an Act legally banning "any public display" of Nazi symbols with an explicit 1 year jail sentence and a $22,000 fine - a first for a jurisdiction within Australia. The legislation does not single out characteristics and/or groups of individuals. It contains however - a listed exemption for educational, religious and/or artistic purposes.[101][102][103][104] Several individuals have been charged and arrested already within Victoria.[105] In 2023, there were deep concerns within the LGBT community that rising hatred, misinformed and rhetoric towards transgender individuals and drag queens—orchestrated by extreme right-wing groups and/or neo-nazi organizations within Melbourne on several occasions right in front of the Parliament of Victoria. One major example also was at the Monash City Council building of certain individuals yelling abuse, being spat on and hatred to council members at a metro about the Library motion - "proposal of children at the drag queen story hour" in the future. This was formally cancelled. Even including rural areas of Victoria, such as Wangaratta.[106][107][108]

Discrimination protections[edit]

Overview of laws[edit]

Since 2000, Victoria prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity under the Equal Opportunity (Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation) Act 2000 – which amended the Equal Opportunity Act 1995.[109][110]

Since 2010, the Equal Opportunity Act 1995 has been repealed and replaced with the Equal Opportunity Act 2010[111] - that still includes both sexual orientation and gender identity. Since 2021, new laws implemented went into effect that explicitly added "sex characteristics" to the Act - alongside sexual orientation and gender identity.[112] In September 2022, the "Justice Legislation Amendment (Police and Other Matters) Bill 2022" was formally passed by both houses within the Victoria Parliament - that explicitly legally protects Victoria Police officers serving on duty, from discrimination on the basis of both sexual orientation and gender identity. The bill became an Act on assent and went into effect immediately within the same month.[113][114]

Federal law also protects LGBT and Intersex people in Victoria in the form of the Sex Discrimination Amendment (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Intersex Status) Act 2013.[115]

Attempts to remove religious exemptions from employee protections[edit]

In December 2014, the Labor Government promised to rewrite equal opportunity laws to make it harder for faith-based organisations, such as schools, to discriminate against certain employees because of their sexual orientation and religious beliefs.[116] On 31 August 2016, the government introduced the Opportunity Amendment (Religious Exceptions) Bill 2016 to the Legislative Assembly.[117][118] The bill amended the Equal Opportunity Act 2010[119] and sought to reinstate an "inherent requirements test", which would mandate that a religious body or school could only discriminate against employees in circumstances related to the employment of a person where "conformity with the body or school's religious doctrines, beliefs or principles is an inherent requirement of the job, and, because of a particular personal attribute, the person does not meet that inherent requirement".[120][121] The bill passed the assembly by 44 votes to 36, with the Coalition Opposition voting against the bill.[122] The bill then proceeded to the Legislative Council, where the second reading stage began on 11 October.[123] The bill was rejected by the Council on 6 December 2016, the vote tied at 19 votes-all.[124][125]

In August 2020, the media Star Observer reported that discrimination is the top LGBTIQ+ legal issue within Victoria.[126]

In September 2021, the government announced it would introduce legislation to remove the exemption for religious schools and organisations "discriminate against an employee because of their sexual orientation, gender identity, marital status or other protected attribute". Furthermore, government-funded religious bodies will also be prohibited from refusing services to people based on their sexual orientation or gender. Schools and organisations will be allowed to make employment decisions based on an employee's religious beliefs where it is critical to the job, such as hiring a religious studies teacher.[127] In October 2021, the Equal Opportunity (Religious Exceptions) Amendment Bill 2021 was formally introduced to the lower house. The Greens attempted to amend the bill to prevent privately funded religious organisations from being able to discriminate against LGBT staff, clients and students, and to limit faith-based schools ability to discriminate against students on the grounds of religious belief or affiliation to only at first enrollment, but failed when the Labor party and coalition voted to defeat the amendment.[128] In December 2021, the bill passed both houses of the Parliament of Victoria. The Liberal party, the National party, the Liberal Democratic party, the Shooters, Fishers and Farmers party, and the independent MLC Catherine Cumming voted against the bill.[128] The bill became an Act on royal assent by the Governor of Victoria in the same month and formally went into legal effect since June 15, 2022.[129][130][131][132] In February 2022, it was announced that if the federal government implements it's religious discrimination laws that would override state and territory equal opportunity law - a lawsuit to challenge the federal government would be conducted by the Victorian government.[133] Despite the bill passing the House of Representatives with the support of the coalition and the Labor party, the government withdrew the bill over disagreements within the party on protections for transgender students in faith-based schools.[134]

Commissioner for LGBTIQ+ Communities[edit]

In July 2015, Minister for Equality Martin Foley announced the appointment of the inaugural Gender and Sexuality Commissioner, Ro Allen. The Commissioner has a broad role aimed at integrating the advocacy of LGBTI rights within the Government;[135] some of these initiatives included streamlining federal and state laws to ensure passports and birth certificates align with a person's affirmed gender, and strengthening anti-discrimination protections in the workplace for transgender workers.[1] The role of Gender and Sexuality Commissioner was later renamed the Commissioner for LGBTIQ+ Communities.[136]

Victorian conversion therapy law[edit]

In February 2016, the government announced it would promptly introduce legislation to "crack down" on gay conversion therapists in the state.[137] On 9 February 2016, the Health Complaints Bill 2016 was introduced to the lower house of the Victorian Parliament. The bill creates a Health Complaints Commissioner with increased powers to take action against such groups; these powers ranging from issuing public warnings to banning them from practicing in Victoria.[138] The bill passed the lower house on 25 February 2016, passed the upper house on 14 April 2016 with minor amendments and passed the lower house with the attached amendments on 27 April 2016.[139] Royal assent was granted on 5 May 2016. The law went into effect on 1 February 2017.[140] The law creates a new health watchdog in the state, which provides the Commissioner with powers to issue temporary or permanent bans on health providers who aren't registered under law such as those providing 'gay conversion therapy'.[141] A specific and targeted investigation was launched by the watchdog into the practice in May 2018, raising the spectre of financial punishment and criminal prosecution for rogue operators.[142]

In February 2019, the newly re-elected Labor Government announced it would introduce legislation at a later date that would clearly and unequivocally denounce conversion practices and prohibit them in law – following a recommendation issued by the Health Complaints Commissioner.[143][144]

On 11 November 2020 state premier Daniel Andrews and the Australian Labor party announced the Change or Suppression (Conversion) Practices Prohibition Bill[145] denouncing conversion practices as cruel, harmful and deceptive. The introduced legislation will outlaw the 'therapy' with fines up to approximately $200,000 (AUD) or up to 10 years jail time.[146][147] Along with the introduction of this legislation the government will provide increased support for those who have already been forced to experience the harmful practices.[148][149] The Victorian bill to ban conversion therapy was introduced and printed in November 2020.[150][151][152] In December 2020, the Victoria lower house passed the bill by a vote of 55-0 (with the Liberal opposition leaving the chamber).[153][154][155][156]

On 5 February 2021 - by a two-thirds supermajority vote of 27-9, the bill passed the Victoria Legislative Council. The 9 votes against were from the Sustainable Australia party, the Liberal Democrats, the Justice Party, the Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party, the independent MLC Catherine Cumming, and two Liberal Party MLCs.[157] It goes into effect 1 year from the date of royal assent (February 2022). The bill was debated for 12 straight hours within the committee of the whole and passed the third reading, beginning around 11am. This bill was reported to be the most comprehensive conversion therapy bill passed at that time.[158][159][160][161][162][163]

It was reported that the Australian Presbyterian Church has come out and said and quoted it would "ignore this law" that passed in Victoria.[164][165]

In September 2021, the center-right Liberal party (as the opposition) made a formal announcement by promising to repeal the conversion therapy law - if they win government in November 2022 (at the Victoria state election).[166] In October 2021, the Liberal party again reversed their position regarding the issue on the conversion therapy law - by not repealing the current law.[167][168]

Transgender rights[edit]

Birth certificates and drivers licenses (which have no gender marker recorded) are within the jurisdiction of the states, whereas marriage and passports are matters for the Commonwealth. Victoria legally recognizes a person's gender transition. In the past it has required the person first undergo sexual reassignment surgery and divorce if married.

Protections[edit]

Gender identity is a recognized and protected attribute under Victorian anti-discrimination law, meaning a transgender person cannot be discriminated against in employment and in other areas of life.[169] However, exemptions in the Equal opportunity act (2010) allow religious organisations, such as adoption/fostering agencies and charities, that do not receive government funding to discriminate against and reject LGBT employees and clients.[170]

Birth certificates[edit]

Birth certificates are issued by the state Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages. For many years, Victorian law required a person be unmarried in order to change the sex recorded on their certificate. The requirement was set to lapse in December 2018 following the federal legalisation of same-sex marriage in 2017, however the Victorian Parliament amended state law to this effect in May 2018.[171][172]

2016 failed reform effort[edit]

In August 2016, the Andrews Labor Government sought to pass legislation removing the unmarried requirement and also the requirement for transgender people to undergo sex reassignment surgery before amending their birth certificate. If passed, the legislation would have allowed parents to alter the gender descriptor of their child, with the child's informed consent and would also have simplified the existing administrative corrections for intersex people.[173][174][175] The Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Amendment Bill 2016 was introduced to the parliament on 18 August 2016 and passed the Legislative Assembly by 45 votes to 35 on 18 September 2016.[176] The bill proceeded to the Legislative Council though was rejected by the council on 6 December 2016, following a 19-19 tied vote.[177]

Removal of unmarried requirement[edit]

In March 2018, the government sought to address the unmarried requirement. It introduced the Justice Legislation Amendment (Access to Justice) Bill 2018 on 27 March 2018, which removed the unmarried requirement from state law. The sexual reassignment surgery requirement remained unaffected.[178] The bill passed the Parliament on 22 May 2018.[179] The bill received royal assent on 29 May 2018 and the portion of the law relating to birth certificates went into effect on 12 October 2018.[180][181]

2019 legislation[edit]

After returning to office at the November 2018 election, the government re-introduced legislation abolishing the sexual reassignment surgery requirement. The legislation allows applicants to self-nominate the sex listed on their birth registration as male, female, or any other gender diverse or non-binary descriptor of their choice. Children are also able to apply to alter the sex on their certificate, but only with the backing of their parents and a supporting statement from a doctor, psychologist or another prescribed person.[182] An approval process, similar for offenders changing their name, whereby a supervising authority needs to consider the reasonableness of the application, and security and welfare issues associated with it, is incorporated in the bill.[183]

The legislation was introduced to the Parliament on 18 June and passed the Assembly by 56 votes to 27 on 15 August 2019.[184][183] The bill moved to the Legislative Council, where it passed by 26 votes to 14 on 27 August 2019.[184][185] The legislation received royal assent on 3 September 2019 and went into effect on 1 May 2020.[186][187] The bill was debated along partisan lines in the Parliament. The Labor Party, the Greens and some crossbenchers were supportive, though Liberal/National members voted against the legislation, citing alleged concerns regarding the safety of women in single-sex spaces and the potential for applicants to abuse the system.[183]

University of Melbourne speech policy[edit]

In June 2021, a new speech policy has been implemented to protect transgender individuals within the University of Melbourne.[188]

Victorian Pride Centre and aged care facilities[edit]

The Victorian Pride Centre opened in July 2021 in St Kilda, providing several facilities for LGBTIQ+ Victorian organisations.[189][190] The LGBTIQ+ organizations is housed at the centre include the Victorian Pride Lobby, Thorne Harbour Health, Q+Law, Minus18, Australian GLBTIQ Multicultural Council, Australian Queer Archives, JOY94.9, Transgender Victoria, and the Melbourne Queer Film Festival.[191]

In September 2020, an aged care facility just for LGBTIQ+ clients and residents was fast-tracked for construction within Prahran.[192]

Intersex rights[edit]

Main article: Intersex human rights

In June 2016, Organisation Intersex International Australia pointed to contradictory statements by the Victorian and other Australian governments, suggesting that the dignity and rights of LGBT and intersex people are recognised while, at the same time, harmful practices on intersex children continue.[193]

In March 2017, representatives of Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Support Group Australia and Organisation Intersex International Australia participated in an Australian and Aotearoa/New Zealand consensus "Darlington Statement" by intersex community organisations and others.[194] The statement calls for legal reform, including the criminalisation of deferrable intersex medical interventions on children, an end to legal classification of sex, and improved access to peer support.[194][195][196][197][198]

In October 2021, both the Star Observer and the ABC reported that the Victorian government plans to legally ban intersex surgery on babies and infants. No bill has been formally introduced yet.[199][200]

Gender-neutral bathrooms[edit]

In April 2021, all workplaces within Victoria under an order-in-council are legally required to have policies of gender-neutral bathrooms access to be provided for any individual - regardless of sex or gender identity.[201][202][203]

In September 2021, the Victoria Youth Parliament passed a bill to implement gender-neutral bathrooms and toilets. The Victorian Youth Minister and MP Ros Spence has the final say on whether it becomes officially and formally Victoria legislation.[204]

Victoria police trust[edit]

In November 2021, it was reported and revealed that 80% or 4-in-5 individuals of the LGBTIQ community do not trust the Victorian police within surveys.[205]

Summary table[edit]

Same-sex sexual activity legal Yes (Since 1981 for men; always for women)
Equal age of consent Yes
Equal opportunity laws explicitly covering all areas and explicitly includes sexual orientation, sex characteristics and gender identity - religious exemptions repealed since 2022 Yes[129]
Gender-neutral bathroom law implemented Yes
Intersex minors protected from invasive surgical procedures No (Proposed)
Hate crime laws explicitly covering both sexual orientation & gender identity or expression Yes
Laws against LGBTI vilification No (Proposed)[206][207]
Gay sex criminal records expunged Yes
Gay panic defence abolished Yes
Recognition in state law of same-sex couples as domestic partners Yes
Joint & step adoption by same-sex couples Yes
Same-sex marriage implemented Yes
Automatic parentage for same-sex couples (regardless of marital or relationship status) from surrogacy and IVF as well as access to surrogacy and IVF Yes
Conversion therapy legally banned Yes (Since 2022)[208]
Right to change legal gender without sex reassignment surgery Yes[209]
MSMs allowed to donate blood Yes/No (Since 2021 - federal policy 3-month deferral period)[210]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Stark, Jill (30 August 2015). "Fighting for equality: meet Victoria's new sexuality and gender commissioner". The Age. Archived from the original on 31 August 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015. R. Allen, Victorian Gender and Sexuality Commissioner: Every time somebody calls our families 'Gay propaganda' and says we are 'Not normal' it's a step backwards...I'm just glad Victoria is more progressive and [Victorian Premier] Daniel Andrews took a strong stance in support of [the film Gayby Baby] and of LGBTI families.
  2. ^ Cuthbertson, Debbie (17 November 2017). "Victoria's new age of enlightenment puts NSW in the shade". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2017. Sunny Sydneysiders might consider themselves much more open-minded and free thinking than their archetypal black-clad Melbourne cousins. But taking the political temperature of the two states shows that supposedly dour Victorians are loosening their corsets and becoming much more progressive.
  3. ^ Alcorn, Gay (10 May 2013). "Welcome to Victoria, the progressive state". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2016. Jeff Kennett, for all his bluster... now spends some of his days campaigning against discrimination against gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and intersex people.... Most Australians support gay marriage, but nowhere more strongly than in Victoria.
  4. ^ Alcorn, Gay (28 October 2016). "Less talk, more action: why Victoria is the progress state". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 July 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2016. Interest groups that have lobbied for years on gender and LGBTI issues in particular are finding a receptive government determined to make big leaps, to change the culture in fundamental ways.... Earlier this year, Andrews scoffed at the national fuss over the Safe Schools program that aims to ensure a safe environment for LGBTI students and, again, get students thinking about stereotypes and discrimination.
  5. ^ Riley, Benjamin (19 January 2015). ""Equality is not Negotiable": Premier at Midsumma Carnival". Star Observer. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  6. ^ Victorian Government (19 September 1979). "Buggery laws - Section 68(1)&(2) Crimes Act 1958(Vic)" (PDF). Victorian Government. p. 823. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  7. ^ "Homosexual law reform in Australia". Australian Lesbian & Gay Archives. Archived from the original on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2009.
  8. ^ "TOWARDS HOMOSEXUAL EQUALITY IN AUSTRALIAN CRIMINAL LAW - A BRIEF HISTORY" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  9. ^ a b c "Gay law reform in Australian States and Territories: Victoria pp. 10-15" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
  10. ^ "Timeline: 22 years between first and last Australian states decriminalising male homosexuality". ABC News. 24 August 2018. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015.
  11. ^ Kaplan, Gisela (1996). The Meagre Harvest: The Australian Women's Movement 1950s–1990s. St Leonards. p. 93.
  12. ^ A gay bibliography: a select, partially-annotated bibliography. Melbourne Gay Teachers' Group. 17 October 1976. ISBN 9780959626001. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021 – via National Library of Australia (new catalog).
  13. ^ "Melbourne Gay & Lesbian History series – Blackrock Beach Beat". Australian Lesbian & Gay Archives. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2009.
  14. ^ Roberts, Peter (19 September 1979). "State poised for gay law reform". The Age. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2009.
  15. ^ "Sex Work Decriminalisation Bill 2021".
  16. ^ "'Historic day': Street-based sex work becomes legal in Victoria".
  17. ^ a b Benjamin Riley (14 April 2015). "Victorian Government to repeal 19A and address HIV stigma". Star Observer. Archived from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  18. ^ Riley, Benjamin (28 May 2015). "Victoria repeals Section 19A to reduce HIV stigma in law". Star Observer. Archived from the original on 28 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  19. ^ "Legislative Overview: Crimes Amendment (Repeal of Section 19A) Bill 2015". legislation.vic.gov.au. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  20. ^ Crimes Amendment (Repeal of Section 19A) Act 2015
  21. ^ "Public Health and Wellbeing Amendment Bill 2022".
  22. ^ "Public Health and Wellbeing Amendment Act 2022" (PDF).
  23. ^ Nick Grimm (15 October 2014). "Victoria expunges historic gay sex convictions, legal groups hope other jurisdictions will follow". ABC News. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  24. ^ "Legislative Overview: Sentencing Amendment (Historical Homosexual Convictions Expungement) Bill 2014". legislation.vic.gov.au. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  25. ^ Paula Gerber (16 October 2015). "Expunging convictions for gay sex: an old wrong is finally righted". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  26. ^ Legal Research (20 October 2014). "Historical Homosexual Sentencing Convictions Expunged in VIC". TimeBase. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
  27. ^ a b "Expungement Scheme". Victorian Government. 1 September 2015. Archived from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  28. ^ "Victorian men charged with gay sex crimes will have their convictions expunged". ABC News. 16 October 2014. Archived from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
  29. ^ "Old Victorian laws criminalising homosexuality 'profoundly wrong', Premier says in apology". ABC News. 24 May 2016. Archived from the original on 27 March 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  30. ^ Priess, Benjamin (24 May 2016). "Gay men receive apology more than 30 years after homosexuality decriminalised". The Age. Archived from the original on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  31. ^ "'Unimaginably wrong': Victoria's gay conviction apology speech in full". The Guardian. 24 May 2016. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
  32. ^ "Same-sex marriage bill passes House of Representatives, paving way for first gay weddings". ABC News. 7 December 2017. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  33. ^ "Relationship Declaration Register". City of Melbourne. Archived from the original on 13 October 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  34. ^ "City of Yarra Relationship Declaration Register". Archived from the original on 12 September 2009. Retrieved 29 August 2009.
  35. ^ "First Couple to Sign Declaration for the Yarra Relationship Register". City of Yarra. 1 May 2007. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 12 June 2008.
  36. ^ "Relationship declaration register thing of the past". cbdnews.com.au. 10 May 2018. Archived from the original on 30 June 2018.
  37. ^ "Relationship Declaration Register". City of Yarra. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018.
  38. ^ "Legislative Overview: Relationships Bill 2007". legislation.vic.gov.au. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  39. ^ "The Relationships Act 2008; A seminar presented by Kathryn Rees, Counsel of Gordon & Jacksons' List" (PDF). Gordan and Jackson. 22 April 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2016.
  40. ^ "Hansard: Legislative Assembly of Victoria" (PDF). Parliament of Victoria. 12 March 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2019. Refer to pp. 771-772
  41. ^ "Victoria's Next To Get Hitched". samesame.com.au. 13 March 2008. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011.
  42. ^ "Hansard: Legislative Council of Victoria" (PDF). Parliament of Victoria. 10 April 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2019. Refer to pp. 1058
  43. ^ "Relationships Act 2008" (PDF). Legislation Victoria. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
  44. ^ "Vic relationships registry soon to be law (9 April 2008)". MCV. Archived from the original on 22 April 2008. Retrieved 1 May 2008.
  45. ^ Andrew Potts (6 October 2015). "Third Australian state to recognize overseas gay marriages". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 9 October 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  46. ^ a b c "Legislative Overview: Relationships Amendment Bill 2015". legislation.vic.gov.au. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  47. ^ Wade, Matthew (23 November 2015). "Plans afoot to allow Victorian same-sex couples to hold ceremonies when registering their relationships". Star Observer. Archived from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  48. ^ "Relationships Amendment Bill 2015 (Amendment made by the Legislative Council)" (PDF). Victorian Legislative Council. 10 December 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  49. ^ Rachel Cook (11 December 2015). "LGBT marriage advocates welcome recognition of overseas marriages and ceremony inclusion". Gay News Network. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  50. ^ Wade, Matthew (12 February 2016). "Amended Relationships Act enables recognition of international relationships in Victoria". Star Observer. Archived from the original on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
  51. ^ Relationships Amendment Act 2016
  52. ^ "Recognition of domestic relationships in Victoria". Victorian Government. 1 July 2016. Archived from the original on 17 July 2016.
  53. ^ "Now there's stronger recognition for same-sex couples in Victoria". Same Same. 8 July 2016. Archived from the original on 17 July 2016.
  54. ^ "Relationships Amendment Act 2016" (PDF). Victorian Legislation. 1 October 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  55. ^ "Statute Law Amendment (Relationships) Act 2001" (PDF).
  56. ^ "Statute Law Further Amendment (Relationships) Act 2001" (PDF).
  57. ^ "Same sex relationships". Victorian Equal Opportunity & Human Rights Commission. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007.
  58. ^ "Australian Lawmaker's Civil Unions Bill Appears Doomed (19 March 2006)". 365Gay.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2008. Retrieved 1 May 2008.
  59. ^ "Labor votes in favour of same sex adoption". The Age. 18 May 2014. Archived from the original on 20 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  60. ^ "Same sex adoption reform on the agenda". Star Observer. 19 May 2014. Archived from the original on 20 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  61. ^ Tomazin, Farrah (7 December 2014). "Australia's first equality minister to reform gay adoption laws". The Age. Archived from the original on 24 February 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  62. ^ a b Tomazin, Farrah (21 February 2015). "Same-sex couples a step closer to equal adoption rights in Victoria". The Age. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  63. ^ "Same-Sex Adoption A Step Closer With Review of Laws". Victorian Government. 23 February 2015. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017.
  64. ^ a b "Legislative Overview: Adoption Amendment (Adoption by Same-Sex Couples) Bill 2015". legislation.vic.gov.au. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  65. ^ "Laws introduced to give Victorian same-sex couples right to adopt". ABC News. 6 October 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  66. ^ "Hansard: Legislative Assembly" (PDF). Parliament of Victoria. 22 October 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2019. Refer to pp. 4031
  67. ^ Wade, Matthew (23 October 2015). "LGBTI rights advocates welcome passage of adoption equality bill in Victoria's lower house". Star Observer. Archived from the original on 24 October 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  68. ^ a b "Hansard: Legislative Council" (PDF). Parliament of Victoria. 12 November 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2019. Refer to pp. 4365-66
  69. ^ "Faith-based adoption groups could refuse same sex couples under Victorian Upper House amendment". Herald Sun. News Corporation. 12 November 2015. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  70. ^ Rachel Cook (12 November 2015). "LGBTIQ advocates celebrate as Victorian same-sex adoption passes". Gay News Network. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015.
  71. ^ "Same-sex adoption passes Victorian Upper House with religious exemptions". ABC News. 13 November 2015. Archived from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  72. ^ "Same-sex adoption laws pass Victorian Parliament after Government accepts religious exemptions". ABC News. 9 December 2015. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  73. ^ "Historical Day For Victoria: Adoption Equality Starts Now". Victorian Government. 1 September 2016. Archived from the original on 1 September 2016.
  74. ^ Dean Arcuri (1 September 2016). "Adoption equality starts today in Victoria". Same Same. Archived from the original on 27 March 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  75. ^ "Adoption Amendment (Adoption by Same-Sex Couples) Act 2015" (PDF). legislation.vic.gov.au. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  76. ^ "Victoria catches up on surrogacy and IVF law". The Australian. 15 December 2007. Archived from the original on 11 October 2009. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
  77. ^ "Same-sex adoption: a missed opportunity". www.abc.net.au. 20 September 2010. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  78. ^ "Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  79. ^ Henrietta Cook & Farrah Tomazin (25 May 2014). "Napthine open to allowing gay adoption". The Age. Fairax Media. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
  80. ^ Kolovos, Benita (18 March 2023). "'Don't bother': fewer than five same-sex couples in Victoria approved for adoption since 2017". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  81. ^ "Lawlink NSW: 2. Current State of the Law". Lawlink NSW. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
  82. ^ "Infertility Treatment (Amendment) Act 1997" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  83. ^ "McBain v State of Victoria: Access to IVF for all Women". Parliament of Australia. Archived from the original on 10 June 2008. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
  84. ^ "IVF decision brings charge of social experimentation". ABC News. 28 July 2000. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
  85. ^ "final report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 January 2016.
  86. ^ "Assisted Reproduction and Adoption, Final Report". Victorian Law Reform Commission. Archived from the original on 17 November 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
  87. ^ Nader, Carol (8 June 2007). "Gays, singles may get more IVF help". The Age. Melbourne. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
  88. ^ Gardiner, Ashley; Whinnett, Ellen (8 June 2007). "Cabinet split looms on IVF". Herald Sun. Archived from the original on 24 August 2008. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
  89. ^ "Assisted Reproductive Technology and Adoption: Final Report (overview)". Victorian Law Reform Commission. 4 January 2007. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  90. ^ "Who's your mummy? (December 15, 2007)". Melbourne Community Voice. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
  91. ^ "Victorian IVF win for Lesbians". GenerationQ.net. Archived from the original on 8 February 2008. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
  92. ^ Best, Catherine (10 October 2008). "Lesbians celebrate fertility law victory". The Canberra Times. Archived from the original on 25 January 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2008.
  93. ^ "Non-birth parents can now be named on birth certificates". Heraldsun.com.au. 12 January 2010. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  94. ^ "Assisted Reproductive Treatment Act 2008" (PDF). Victorian Legislation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  95. ^ "Lesbian couple left heartbroken by 'cruel' IVF law". QNews. 20 July 2021. Archived from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  96. ^ "Changes to IVF laws take effect". 15 August 2022.
  97. ^ "Assisted Reproductive Treatment Amendment Bill 2021". www.legislation.vic.gov.au. Archived from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  98. ^ Team, Gay Nation (10 September 2021). "New Reforms To Assist LGBTIQ Couples to Start Families". Archived from the original on 15 September 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  99. ^ "'Rainbow family' birth certificates released to celebrate Mardi Gras". 2 March 2022.
  100. ^ Thomas, Shibu (28 July 2020). "Victoria Introduces Rainbow Birth Certificates". Star Observer. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  101. ^ "Swastika: Victoria bans display of Nazi symbol in Australian first". BBC News. 22 June 2022.
  102. ^ "Victoria to become first state to ban the Nazi swastika". TheGuardian.com. 11 May 2022.
  103. ^ "Summary Offences Amendment (Nazi Symbol Prohibition) Bill 2022".
  104. ^ "Victoria to become first Aussie state or territory to ban Nazi symbols". 11 May 2022.
  105. ^ "Two men charged after allegedly plastering Nazi stickers across Caulfield as swastikas banned in Victoria under landmark legal reform". Archived from the original on 3 June 2023.
  106. ^ "Wangaratta's Rainbow Ball Postponed After Far-Right and Neo-Nazi Threats". June 2023.
  107. ^ "Police slam neo-Nazi protest in Melbourne's CBD". 14 May 2023.
  108. ^ "Drag queen story time event cancelled by Monash City Council". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 4 May 2023.
  109. ^ "Sexual orientation and lawful sexual activity". Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
  110. ^ "Equal Opportunity Act 1995". Austlii. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2008.
  111. ^ "EQUAL OPPORTUNITY ACT 2010 (NO. 16 OF 2010)". Austlii.edu.au. Archived from the original on 12 September 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  112. ^ "Public statement: Sex characteristics now a protected attribute in the Equal Opportunity Act". Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission. 26 October 2021. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  113. ^ "Justice Legislation Amendment (Police and Other Matters) Bill 2022".
  114. ^ "New Reforms to Support Police and Community Safety | Premier of Victoria".
  115. ^ "New protection". Australian Human Rights Commission. 31 July 2013. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  116. ^ Cook, Henrietta (8 December 2014). "Religious groups hit out at Labor's move to rewrite state's equal opportunity laws". The Age. Archived from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  117. ^ "Equal Opportunity Amendment (Religious Exceptions) Bill 2016" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 September 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  118. ^ "Equal Opportunity Amendment (Religious Exceptions) Bill 2016 (Legislative Overview)". Parliament of Victoria. 31 August 2016. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  119. ^ Equal Opportunity Act 2010
  120. ^ "Hansard: Parliament of Victoria Legislative Assembly, Wednesday 31 August 2016 (refer to pp. 3234 for quoted extract)" (PDF). Parliament of Victoria. 31 August 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  121. ^ "Explanatory Memorandum: Equal Opportunity Amendment (Religious Exceptions) Bill 2016" (PDF). Parliament of Victoria. 31 August 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  122. ^ "Legislative Assembly Hansard: Thursday, 15 September 2016 (see page 76)" (PDF). Parliament of Victoria. 15 September 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  123. ^ "Legislative Council Hansard: Tuesday 11 October 2016" (PDF). Parliament of Victoria. 11 October 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2016. Refer to pp. 18-20
  124. ^ "Legislative Council Hansard" (PDF). Parliament of Victoria. 6 December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2016. Refer to pp. 41
  125. ^ "Coalition and conservative crossbenchers unite to vote down equal rights bills". The Age. 6 December 2016. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  126. ^ Thomas, Shibu (2 August 2020). "Discrimination is the Top Legal Issues for Victorians". Star Observer. Archived from the original on 23 February 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  127. ^ "Victorian religious schools to be banned from sacking LGBTIQ+ staff under new reforms". SBS News. 16 September 2021. Archived from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
  128. ^ a b "Hansard | | Parliament of Victoria". Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  129. ^ a b "New Laws Commence to Protect LGBTIQ+ Victorians | Premier of Victoria".
  130. ^ "Equal Opportunity (Religious Exceptions) Amendment Bill 2021". Legislation.vic.gov.au. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  131. ^ 27 October 2021 (27 October 2021). "Stronger Protections Against Discrimination Introduced". Premier of Victoria. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  132. ^ "Advocacy groups welcome Victorian bill aiming to tighten anti-discrimination laws". Sbs.com.au. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  133. ^ "Dan Andrews Says Government Will Legally Defend Victoria's Pro-LGBT Laws". 8 February 2022.
  134. ^ "What's happened to the religious discrimination bill – and where to next?". TheGuardian.com. 10 February 2022.
  135. ^ "Rowena Allen Is Victoria's First Gender And Sexuality Commissioner". Premier of Victoria. 15 July 2015. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
  136. ^ Department of Premier and Cabinet (Victoria) (23 September 2021). "New Commissioner For LGBTIQ+ Communities Appointed". Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
  137. ^ Glen Moret (9 February 2016). "Gay conversion therapy to be banned in Victoria". Gay News Network. Archived from the original on 25 August 2016.
  138. ^ "New Laws To Crack Down on Dodgy Health Providers". Victorian Government. 9 February 2016. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  139. ^ "Health Complaints Bill 2016". legislation.vic.gov.au. 25 February 2016. Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  140. ^ "Health Complaints Act 2016" (PDF). legislation.vic.gov.au. 1 February 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  141. ^ "Victoria's health watchdog to ban anyone practicing 'gay conversion therapy'". Star Observer. 3 February 2017. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  142. ^ "Gay conversion therapy to be investigated by Victoria's health watchdog". ABC News. 17 May 2018. Archived from the original on 9 April 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  143. ^ "Labor Government To Make Conversion 'Therapy' Against The Law". Premier of Victoria. 3 February 2019. Archived from the original on 4 August 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  144. ^ "Australian-first move to ban gay conversion therapy will 'save lives'". The New Daily. 3 February 2019. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  145. ^ "Commission welcomes introduction of the Change or Suppression (Conversion) Practices Prohibition Bill 2020". Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  146. ^ "Change or Suppression (Conversion) Practices Prohibition Act 2021" (PDF). Victorian legislation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  147. ^ "Fine | Sentencing Council". www.sentencingcouncil.vic.gov.au. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  148. ^ "Victoria to ban 'abhorrent' practice of gay or gender conversion 'therapy'". the Guardian. 24 November 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  149. ^ "Banning Cruel Conversion Practices For Good | Premier of Victoria". www.premier.vic.gov.au. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  150. ^ "Change or Suppression (Conversion) Practices Prohibition Bill 2020". Archived from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  151. ^ "The "Bigoted Quackery" of Gay Conversion Will be Illegal in Victoria Under Proposed New Laws". SBS News. 25 November 2020. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  152. ^ Fistonich, Matt (26 November 2020). "Victoria Set to Ban Cruel Conversion Practices for Good". Gay Nation. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  153. ^ Kolovos, Benita (10 December 2020). "Vic One Step Closer to Gay Conversion Ban". The West Australian. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  154. ^ Dinham, Abby; Fernando, Gavin (12 December 2020). "Gay Conversion Survivor Abanob says Victoria's Move to Ban the Practice will Save Lives". SBS News. Archived from the original on 11 March 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  155. ^ Willingham, Richard (7 December 2020). "Victorian Opposition Demands more Consultation on Gay Conversion Ban Bill". ABC News. Archived from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  156. ^ "Victoria Rolling "Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity" Together in New Bill". Sky News. 11 December 2020. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  157. ^ @kevinbonham (4 February 2021). "Noted that Sustainable Australia, supposed centrists, were against the gay conversion therapy ban, alongside 3 Liberal (1 via pair), 2 LDP, 1 SFF, 2 Hinch Justice and 1 ex-Hinch independent" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  158. ^ Keck, Madeleine (10 February 2021). "This Australian State Just Passed a 'World-Leading' Bill to Ban LGBTQ+ Conversion Therapy". Global Citizen. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  159. ^ Neilsen, Inga (4 February 2021). "Gay conversion therapy banned in Victoria in 'one more step in the fight for full equality'". 9News. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  160. ^ "Victoria bans gay conversion practices after 12-hour debate". The Guardian. 4 February 2021. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  161. ^ "Victorian bill banning gay conversion therapy passes Upper House as amendments fail". ABC News. 4 March 2021. Archived from the original on 3 April 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  162. ^ "The Victorian parliament has passed a bill banning gay conversion therapy". SBS News. 5 February 2021. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  163. ^ Sandeman, John (6 February 2021). "Loose Ends Left after Victoria's Change and Suppression Prohibition Bill Passes". Eternity News. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  164. ^ McGowan, Michael (17 February 2021). "Presbyterian church head says Victorian ban on gay conversion practices should be ignored". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  165. ^ Perrie, Stewart (18 February 2021). "Presbyterian Church Says Victoria's Gay Conversion Therapy Ban Should Be Ignored". LAD Bible. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  166. ^ "Victorian Opposition Promised To Roll Back Gay Conversion 'Therapy' Ban, Claims Christian Lobby". Star Observer. 20 September 2021. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  167. ^ "Victorian Liberals Promise They Will Never Roll-Back Gay Conversion 'Therapy' Ban". Star Observer. 1 October 2021. Archived from the original on 2 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  168. ^ Ilanbey, Sumeyya; Sakkal, Paul (21 October 2021). "Coalition's Zoom chat turns nasty as gay conversion stoush explodes". The Age. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021.
  169. ^ "Gender identity, lawful sexual activity, sexual orientation discrimination". Victorian Equal Opportunity & Human Rights Commission. Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  170. ^ "Tasmania showing way for Victoria on religious discrimination against LGBTIQ+". 8 November 2021.
  171. ^ "What do the same-sex marriage laws actually say?". News.com.au. 9 December 2017. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017. People who changed genders were previously unable to change sex on birth certificates and other official documentation if they were married, as state or territory governments could refuse to do this as it could be seen as facilitating a same-sex union. Many transgender people were forced to divorce if they wanted to officially change gender. From 9 December [2018], state and territory governments will no longer be able to block changes to birth certificates and other documents.
  172. ^ "Victorian laws changed to stop the forced divorce of transgender people". ABC News. 24 May 2019. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  173. ^ Bucci, Nino (18 August 2016). "Gender diverse win right to new birth certificates". The Age. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  174. ^ Barlow, Karen (18 August 2016). "Victoria Moves To Allow Gender Change on Birth Certificates". Huffington Post Australia. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  175. ^ "On intersex birth registrations". Organisation Intersex International Australia. 13 November 2009. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
  176. ^ "Legislative Assembly Hansard: 15 September 2016 (see pages 3639-3648)" (PDF). Parliament of Victoria. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  177. ^ "Landmark Transgender Rights Bill Passes in South Australia, Nixed in Victoria". BuzzFeed. 6 December 2016. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  178. ^ "Explanatory Memorandum: Justice Legislation Amendment (Access to Justice) Bill 2018" (PDF). Parliament of Victoria. 22 May 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018. Refer to pp. 3 of the memorandum for information relating to birth certificates.
  179. ^ "Victoria and NSW delivering marriage equality for trans people". Human Rights Law Centre. 23 May 2018. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  180. ^ "Justice Legislation Amendment (Access to Justice) Act 2018" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  181. ^ "Sex Affirmation". Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  182. ^ "Bill to provide gender choice for birth certificates". 9 News. 18 June 2019. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  183. ^ a b c "Bill to allow transgender people to change birth certificate without surgery clears first hurdle in Victoria". The Guardian. 15 August 2019. Archived from the original on 13 September 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  184. ^ a b "Legislative Overview: Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Amendment Bill 2019". legislation.vic.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  185. ^ "'Momentous night': Victorian birth certificate reform passed". The Age. 28 August 2019. Archived from the original on 14 September 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
  186. ^ "Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Amendment Act 2019" (PDF). legislation.vic.gov.au. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 September 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  187. ^ "Trans and gender-diverse Victorians can now choose the gender on their birth certificate". SBS News. 1 May 2020. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  188. ^ Carey, Adam (15 June 2021). "University head says free speech does not override transgender safety". The Age. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  189. ^ "Victorian Pride Centre Opening Ceremony - I". Star Observer. 11 July 2021. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  190. ^ "Victorian Pride Centre, Australia's Largest LGBTQI Community Hub Opens In Melbourne". Star Observer. 11 July 2021. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  191. ^ "Victorian pride centre sets sights on 2020 opening". Star Observer. 30 April 2020. Archived from the original on 7 May 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  192. ^ Lewis, Jessi (15 September 2020). "First Gay Aged Care Facility Fast Tracked". Star Observer. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  193. ^ "Submission: list of issues for Australia's Convention Against Torture review". Organisation Intersex International Australia. 28 June 2016. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  194. ^ a b Androgen Insensitivity Support Syndrome Support Group Australia; Intersex Trust Aotearoa New Zealand; Organisation Intersex International Australia; Black, Eve; Bond, Kylie; Briffa, Tony; Carpenter, Morgan; Cody, Candice; David, Alex; Driver, Betsy; Hannaford, Carolyn; Harlow, Eileen; Hart, Bonnie; Hart, Phoebe; Leckey, Delia; Lum, Steph; Mitchell, Mani Bruce; Nyhuis, Elise; O'Callaghan, Bronwyn; Perrin, Sandra; Smith, Cody; Williams, Trace; Yang, Imogen; Yovanovic, Georgie (March 2017), Darlington Statement, archived from the original on 22 March 2017, retrieved 21 March 2017
  195. ^ Copland, Simon (20 March 2017). "Intersex people have called for action. It's time to listen". Special Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
  196. ^ Jones, Jess (10 March 2017). "Intersex activists in Australia and New Zealand publish statement of priorities". Star Observer. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
  197. ^ Power, Shannon (13 March 2017). "Intersex advocates pull no punches in historic statement". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
  198. ^ Sainty, Lane (13 March 2017). "These Groups Want Unnecessary Surgery on Intersex Infants To Be Made A Crime". BuzzFeed Australia. Archived from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
  199. ^ "As a baby, Noah was operated on without his consent. He feels he should have been left how he was born". ABC News. 16 October 2021. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021 – via www.abc.net.au.
  200. ^ Lanera, Emilio (9 October 2021). "Australia Signs UN Statement To End Non-Consensual, Invasive Surgeries On Intersex Children". Star Observer. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  201. ^ "Heraldsun.com.au | Subscribe to the Herald Sun for exclusive stories". Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  202. ^ Booker, Chloe (23 April 2021). "All-gender bathrooms proposed for Victorian workplaces and footy ovals". The Age. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  203. ^ "Subscribe to the Gold Coast Bulletin". Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2021.
  204. ^ "Victoria's Youth Parliament Passes Gender-Neutral Toilets Bill". Star Observer. 27 September 2021. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  205. ^ "Four in five LGBTIQ Victorians don't trust Victoria Police". Qnews.com.au. 18 November 2021. Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  206. ^ Potts, Andrew (28 August 2019). "Reason's Fiona Patten Introduces LGBTQI Vilification Bill in Victoria". Star Observer. Archived from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  207. ^ "Victorian Legislation". Archived from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  208. ^ Neilsen, Inga (5 February 2021). "Gay conversion therapy banned in Victoria in 'one more step in the fight for full equality'". 9News. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  209. ^ "Change a Record of Sex". Births, Deaths, and Marriages Victoria. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  210. ^ "Lifeblood". Australian Red Cross. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBT_rights_in_Victoria&oldid=1205499526"