Languages of Aruba

Languages of Aruba
COVID-19 sign in Aruba, written in Spanish and English
Official	Dutch, Papiamento
Vernacular	Papiamento
Foreign	English (mandatory), Spanish (mandatory), French, German
Signed	Dutch Sign Language
Keyboard layout	US international QWERTY

The official languages of the Caribbean island-state of Aruba are Papiamento and Dutch, but most Arubans speak a minimum of four languages, including English and Spanish. Schools require students to learn English, Spanish and to a lesser extent French and German. Portuguese, Chinese, Haitian Creole, Tagalog, Sranan Tongo and other languages are also spoken by smaller communities on the island. According to the Government of Aruba the mother tongue and primary language of almost all Arubans is Papiamento,^[1] an Afro-Portuguese Creole language with heavy Spanish influence spoken since the 16th century. The language, however, was not widespread in Aruba until the 18th and 19th centuries when most materials on the island and Roman Catholic schoolbooks were written in Papiamento.

Dutch has been one of the official languages of the island for years as the island is a part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. However, Dutch is the sole language for most administrative and legal matters.^[2]

Aruba has recognized English as an international language, and has required that children learn English as early as the 4th grade. Use of English dates to the early 19th century, when the British took Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire; when Dutch rule resumed in 1815, officials noted the already widespread use of the language.^[3] Since May 2003, Papiamento has also been an official language, alongside Dutch.

Aruba's location off the coast of South America has also made Spanish extremely important. Students begin learning this as early as 5th grade. Spanish became an important language in the 18th century due to the close economic ties with Spanish colonies in what are now Venezuela and Colombia,^[3] and several Venezuelan TV networks are received, and the fact that Aruba has Venezuelan and Colombian residents. Around 44% of the population today speaks Spanish.^[4]

Papiamento is a Creole language that evolved from Portuguese, Dutch, Spanish, some French, English, and a smattering of African languages. The language evolved in Curaçao during the 16th century when enslaved Africans and the Spanish enslavers developed common ground in which to communicate.

Papiamento was not considered important on Aruba until 1995. It was officially included in the school curriculum in 1998 and 1999. Since then, the island has embraced this native language. A Papiamento dictionary and fairy tales written in Papiamento are now readily available on the island.

Aruba is a multilingual society. Most of Aruba's population is able to converse in at least three of the languages of Papiamento, Dutch, English, and Spanish.

• Ethnologue report for Aruba