List of polychaete worms of South Africa

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Map of the Southern African coastline showing some of the landmarks referred to in species range statements

The list of polychaete worms of South Africa is a list of species that form a part of the class Polychaeta (Phylum Annelida) fauna of South Africa. The list follows the SANBI listing.

Polychaeta (/ˌpɒlɪˈktə/) is a paraphyletic class of generally marine annelid worms, commonly called bristle worms or polychaetes (/ˈpɒlɪˌkts/). Each body segment has a pair of fleshy protrusions called parapodia that bear many bristles, called chaetae, which are made of chitin. More than 10,000 species are described in this class. Common representatives include the lugworm (Arenicola marina) and the sandworm or clam worm Alitta.

Polychaetes as a class are robust and widespread, with species that live in the coldest ocean temperatures of the abyssal plain, to forms which tolerate the extremely high temperatures near hydrothermal vents. Polychaetes occur throughout the Earth's oceans at all depths, from forms that live as plankton near the surface, to a 2- to 3-cm specimen (still unclassified) observed by the robot ocean probe Nereus at the bottom of the Challenger Deep, the deepest known spot in the Earth's oceans. Only 168 species (less than 2% of all polychaetes) are known from fresh waters. (Full article...)

Amphinomida[edit]

Order Amphinomida

Amphinomidae[edit]

Family Amphinomidae

  • Genus Amphinome:[1]
    • Amphinome rostrata (Kinberg, 1867), syn. Amphinome (Plerone) tetraedra, Amphinome lepadis, Amphinome luzoniae, Amphinome natans, Amphinome pallasii, Amphinome quatrefagesi, Amphinome tetraedra, Aphrodita rostrata, Asloegia capillata, Colonianella rostrata, Pleione tetraedra
  • Genus Chloeia:[1]
    • Chloeia inermis Quatrefages, 1866, syn. Chloeia gilchristi, Chloeia spectabilis
    • Chloeia flava (Pallas, 1766), syn. Amphinome capillata, Aphrodita flava, Chloeia ancora, Chloeia capillata, Chloeia ceylonica, Chloeia incerta, Chloeia natalensis, Thesmia flava
    • Chloeia fusca McIntosh, 1885, syn. Chloeia longisetosa
  • Genus Eurythoe:[1]
    • Eurythoe complanata (Pallas, 1766), syn. Amphinome jamaicensis, Amphinome macrotricha, Aphrodita complanata, Blenda armata, Eurythoe albosetosa, Eurythoe alcyonaria, Eurythoe assimilis, Eurythoe capensis, Eurythoe corallina, Eurythoe ehlersi, Eurythoe havaica, Eurythoe indica, Eurythoe kamehameha, Eurythoe laevisetis, Eurythoe pacifica, Eurythoe pacifica levukaensi, Lycaretus neocephalicus, Pleione alcyonea
    • Eurythoe parvecarunculata Horst, 1912, syn. Eurythoe heterotricha
  • Genus Hipponoa:[1]
  • Genus Linopherus:[1]
  • Genus Pareurythoe:[1]

Euphrosinidae[edit]

Family Euphrosinidae

Echiuroidea[edit]

Order Echiuroidea

Echiuridae[edit]

Family Echiuridae

Eunicida[edit]

Order Eunicida

Dorvilleidae[edit]

Family Dorvilleidae

  • Genus Ophryotrocha:[1]
    • Ophryotrocha puerilis Claparède & Metschnikow, 1869, syn. Paractius mutabilis, Staurocephalus minimus
    • Protodorvillea biarticulata Day, 1963, endemic
    • Protodorvillea egena (Ehlers, 1913), syn. Dorvillea gracilloides, Dorvillea mandapamae, Protodorvillea mandapamae, Stauronereis egena
    • Schistomeringos neglecta (Fauvel, 1923), syn. Dorvillea neglecta, Staurocephalus neglectus, Stauronereis neglectus
    • Schistomeringos rudolphi (Delle Chiaje, 1828), syn. Dorvillea rudolphi, Nereis rudolphi, Nereis rudolphii, Prionognathus ciliata, Schistomeringos rudolphi, Schaurocephalus chiaji, Staurocephalus ciliatus robertianae, Staurocephalus pallidus, Staurocephalus rudolphii, Stauronereis madeirae, Stauronereis polyodonta, Stauronereis rudolphi, Stauronereis rudolphii, Syllis rudolphiana

Eunicidae[edit]

Family Eunicidae

Lumbrineridae[edit]

Family Lumbrineridae

Oenonidae[edit]

Family Oenonidae

Onuphidae[edit]

Family Onuphidae

Phyllodocida[edit]

Order Phyllodocida

Acoetidae[edit]

Family Acoetidae

Alciopidae[edit]

Family Alciopidae

Aphroditidae[edit]

Family Aphroditidae

Chrysopetalidae[edit]

Family Chrysopetalidae

Eulepethidae[edit]

Family Eulepethidae

Glyceridae[edit]

Family Glyceridae

Goniadidae[edit]

Family Goniadidae

Hesionidae[edit]

Family Hesionidae

Iospilidae[edit]

Family Iospilidae

Lopadorrhynchidae[edit]

Family Lopadorrhynchidae

Nereididae[edit]

Family Nereididae

Paralacydonidae[edit]

Family Paralacydonidae

Pholoidae[edit]

Family Pholoidae

  • Genus Pholoe
    • Pholoe minuta (Fabricius, 1780), syn. Aphrodita minuta Fabricius, Palmyra ocellata, Pholoe eximia Johnston, Pholoe minuta eximia Johnson, Pholoe synophthalmica dinardensis, Polynoe minuta, Sigalion ocellatum
  • Genus Pholoides

Phyllodocidae[edit]

Family Phyllodocidae

Pilargidae[edit]

Family Pilargidae

Polynoidae[edit]

Family Polynoidae

Pontodoridae[edit]

Family Pontodoridae

Sigalionidae[edit]

Family Sigalionidae

Sphaerodoridae[edit]

Family Sphaerodoridae

Syllidae[edit]

Family Syllidae

  • Genus Amblyosyllis
    • Amblyosyllis formosa (Claparède, 1863), syn. Amblyosillis algefnae, Amblyosillis plectorhyncha, Amblyosyllis algefnae, Amblyosyllis dorsigera, Amblyosyllis inmatura, Amblyosyllis inmaturata, Amblyosyllis lineata, Gattiola spectabilis, Pterosyllis dorsigera, Pterosyllis formosa, Pterosyllis plectorhyncha, Thylaciphorus hessii
  • Genus Anguillosyllis
  • Genus Autolytus
  • Genus Branchiosyllis
    • Branchiosyllis exilis (Gravier, 1900), syn. Branchiosyllis uncinigera, Syllis (Typosyllis) cirropunctata, Syllis (Typosyllis) exilis, Syllis cirropunctata, Syllis exilis, Syllis solida, Trypanosyllis uncinigera, Typosyllis cirropunctata, Typosyllis exilis
  • Genus Brania
  • Genus Epigamia
    • Epigamia charcoti (Gravier, 1906), syn. Autolytus (Regulatus) charcoti, Autolytus afer, Autolytus charcoti
  • Genus Erinaceusyllis
    • Erinaceusyllis erinaceus (Claparède, 1863), syn. Sphaerosyllis (Sphaerosyllis) erinaceus, Sphaerosyllis brevifrons, Sphaerosyllis erinaceus
  • Genus Eusyllis
  • Genus Exogone
  • Genus Exogonoides
  • Genus Haplosyllis
    • Haplosyllis spongicola (Grube, 1855), syn. Haplosyllis (Syllis) hamata, Haplosyllis cephalata, Haplosyllis gula, Haplosyllis hamata, Haplosyllis maderensis, Haplosyllis oligachaete, Haplosyllis palpata, Haplosyllis spongicola tentaculata, Haplosyllis spongicola var. spongicola, Hemisyllis dispar, Nereis teticola, Syllis (Haplosyllis) djiboutiensis, Syllis (Haplosyllis) hamata, Syllis (Haplosyllis) spongicola, Syllis hamata, Syllis oligochaeta, Syllis setubalensis, Syllis spongicola, Syllis spongicola, Syllis streptocephala
    • Haplosyllis trifalcata (Day, 1960), syn. Syllis (Haplosyllis) trifalcata, endemic
  • Genus Irmula
  • Genus Lamellisyllis
  • Genus Langerhansia
  • Genus Myrianida
  • Genus Odontosyllis
    • Odontosyllis polycera (Schmarda, 1861), syn. Odontosyllis suteri, Syllis polycera, Trypanosyllis occipitalis
  • Genus Opisthosyllis
  • Genus Paraehlersia
    • Paraehlersia ferrugina (Langerhans, 1881), syn. Ehlersia ferrugina, Ehlersia ferruginea, Langerhansia ferrugina, Syllis (Ehlersia) ferrugina, Syllis (Ehlersia) ferruginea, Syllis (Langerhansia) ferrugina, Syllis (Langerhansia) ferrugina, Syllis ferrugina, Syllis ferruginea, Typosyllis (Ehlersia) ferruginea, Typosyllis (Langerhansia) ferrugina, Typosyllis (Langerhansia) ferruginea
  • Genus Pharyngeovalvata
  • Genus Pionosyllis
  • Genus Proceraea
    • Proceraea picta Ehlers, 1864, syn. Autolytus (Proceraea) picta, Autolytus pictus, Myrianida picta, Procerea scupularis
  • Genus Procerastea
  • Genus Spermosyllis
  • Genus Sphaerosyllis
  • Genus Syllides
    • Syllides longocirratus (Örsted, 1845), syn. Syllides longicirrata, Syllides longocirrata, Syllis (Syllides) longocirrata, Syllis longicirrata, Syllis longocirrata
  • Genus Syllis
    • Syllis amica Quatrefages, 1866, syn. Ehlersia (Syllis) simplex, Ehlersia simplex, Syllis (Ehlersia) aesthetica, Syllis (Ehlersia) simplex, Syllis (Typosyllis) amica, Syllis aesthetica, Syllis cunninghami, Typosyllis (Syllis) amica, Typosyllis amica
    • Syllis armillaris (O.F. Müller, 1776), syn. Ioda macrophthalma, Ioida macrophthalma, Ioida macrophthalmus, Lycastis armillaris, Nereis armillaris, Nereisyllis ornata, Pionosyllis alternosetosa, Syllis (Typosyllis) alternosetosa, Syllis (Typosyllis) armillaris, Syllis (Typosyllis) capensis, Syllis (Typosyllis) tortugaensis, Syllis alternosetosa, Syllis brachychaeta, Syllis capensis, Syllis closterobranchia, Syllis crassicornis, Syllis danica, Syllis lineata, Syllis macrophthalma, Syllis syllisformis, Syllis tigrina, Syllis tortugaensis, Trichosyllis sylliformis, Trichosyllis syllisformis, Typosyllis (Syllis) armillaris, Typosyllis (Syllis) capensis, Typosyllis (Typosyllis) armillaris, Typosyllis armillaris, Typosyllis brachychaeta, Typosyllis capensis, Typosyllis closterobranchia, Typosyllis tortugaensis
    • Syllis cornuta Rathke, 1843, syn. Ehlersia (Syllis) cornuta, Ehlersia cornuta, Langerhansia cornuta, Langerhansia cornuta hystricis, Syllis (Ehlersia) cornuta, Syllis (Langerhansia) cornuta, Syllis (Typosyllis) cornuta, Syllis (Typosyllis) harti, Syllis cornuta collingsii, Syllis fabricii, Syllis pallida, Typosyllis (Ehlersia) cornuta, Typosyllis (Langerhansia) cornuta, Typosyllis cornuta
    • Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840,syn. Syllis (Syllis) gracilis, Syllis (Syllis) longissima, Syllis brachycirris, Syllis longissima, Syllis mixtosetosa, Syllis navicellidens, Syllis nigrovittata, Syllis nigro-vittata, Syllis palifica, Syllis quadridentata, Syllis vancaurica
    • Syllis hyalina Grube, 1863, syn. Pionosyllis hyalina, Syllis (Typosyllis) hyalin, Syllis (Typosyllis) hyalina, Syllis (Typosyllis) melanopharyngea, Syllis (Typosyllis) tristanensis, Syllis borealis, Syllis hialina, Syllis macrocola, Syllis pellucida, Syllis simillima, Syllis velox, Typosyllis (Syllis) hyalina, Typosyllis (Syllis) velox, Typosyllis (Typosyllis) hyalina, Typosyllis aciculata orientalis, Typosyllis hyalina, Typosyllis melanopharyngea, Typosyllis orientalis, Typosyllis tristanensis
    • Syllis prolifera Krohn, 1852, syn. Gnathosyllis zonata, Pionosyllis prolifera, Syllis (Typosyllis) bouvieri, Syllis (Typosyllis) prolifera, Syllis (Typosyllis) zonata, Syllis armandi, Syllis bouvieri, Syllis fiumensis, Syllis fluminensis, Syllis lussinensis, Syllis nigrans, Syllis zonata, Typosyllis (Syllis) nigrans, Typosyllis (Syllis) prolifera, Typosyllis (Typosyllis) prolifera, Typosyllis bouvieri, Typosyllis nigrans, Typosyllis prolifera, Typosyllis zonata
    • Syllis variegata Grube, 1860, syn. Isosyllis armoricana, Syllis (Typosyllis) variegata, Syllis (Typosyllis) variegata variegata, Syllis armoricana, Syllis aurantiaca, Syllis hexagonifera, Syllis nigropunctata, Syllis oblonga, Syllis schmardian, Syllis variegata profunda, Syllis variegata variegata, Syllis varlegata, Thoe fusiformis, Typosyllis (Syllis) aurantiaca, Typosyllis (Syllis) variegata, Typosyllis (Typosyllis) variegata, Typosyllis armoricana, Typosyllis aurantiaca, Typosyllis cirromaculata, Typosyllis variegata', 'Typosyllis variegata profunda
    • Syllis vittata Grube, 1840, syn. Syllis (Typosyllis) vittata, Syllis aurita, Syllis buskii, Syllis nigropharyngea, Typosyllis (Syllis) vittata, Typosyllis (Typosyllis) vittata, Typosyllis vitatta, Typosyllis vittata
  • Genus Trypanosyllis
  • Genus Typosyllis

Tomopteridae[edit]

Family Tomopteridae

Typhloscolecidae[edit]

Family Typhloscolecidae

Nephtyidae[edit]

Family Nephtyidae

Sabellida[edit]

Order Sabellida

Fabriciidae[edit]

Family Fabriciidae

Oweniidae[edit]

Family Oweniidae

  • Genus Owenia[1]
    • Owenia fusiformis Delle Chiaje, 1844, syn. Ammochares aedificator, Ammochares assimilis, Ammochares brasiliensis, Ammochares occidentale, Ammochares orientalis, Ammochares ottonis, Ammochares sundevalli, Ammochares tegula, Ammochares tenuis, Ops digitata, Owenia brachycera, Owenia filiformis

Sabellariidae[edit]

Family Sabellariidae

Sabellidae[edit]

Family Sabellidae

Serpulidae[edit]

Family Serpulidae

  • Genus Ficopomatus[1]
  • Genus Filograna[1]
    • Filograna implexa Berkley 1835, syn. Filigrana implexa, Filigrana implexa sarsii, Filograna berkeleyi, Filograna schleideni, Serpula complexa, Serpula corallifica, Serpula filiformis, Serpula filograna, Tubipora filogranum, Tubipora ramosa
  • Genus Hydroides[1]
    • Hydroides bifurcatus Pixell 1913, syn. Eupomatus bifurcatus, Hydroides bifurcata
    • Hydroides dipoma Schmarda 1861, syn. Codonytes dipoma, Enpomatus dipoma, Eupomatus spinosus, Hydroides spinosus, Hydroides spinoza, Hydroides uncinatus macronyx
    • Hydroides diramphus Mörch, 1863, syn. Eucarphus serratus, Eupomatus dirampha, Eupomatus lunifer, Eupomatus lunulifer, Hydroides (Eucarphus) benzoni, Hydroides (Eucarphus) cumingii, Hydroides (Eucarphus) dirampha, Hydroides benzoni, Hydroides cumingii, Hydroides lunulifera, Hydroides malleophorus, Hydroides serratus, Serpula (Hydroides) lunulifera, Vermilia benzonii, Vermilia cumingii, Vermilia dirampha
    • Hydroides norvegicus Gunnerus 1768, syn. Eupomatus vermicularis, Hydroides nervegica, Sabella euplacana, Serpula (Eupomatus) pectinata, Serpula (Eupomatus) reversa, Serpula angulata, Serpula contortus, Serpula muelleri, Serpula norwegica, Serpula reversa, Serpula solitaria, Serpula vermicularis, Spirobis reversus, Vermilia incerta, Vermilia pectinata
  • Genus Leodora[1]
    • Leodora laevis Quatrefages 1866, syn. Spirorbis laevis, Spirorbis (Laeospira) laevis
  • Genus Neovermilia[1]
  • Genus Pomatoceros[1]
  • Genus Protolaeospira[1]
  • Genus Protula[1]
    • Protula anomala Day 1955, syn. Protula tubularia anomala, endemic
    • Protula bispiralis Savigny 1820, syn. Protula (Philippiprotula) magnifica, Protula magnifica, Serpula (Spiramella) bispiralis, Serpula bispiralis, Spiramella bispiralis
    • Protula tubularia Montagu 1803, syn. Protula (Protula) tubularia, Protula (Protula) tuburalia, Protula (Psygmobranchus) protensa, Protula (Psygmobranchus) tubularia, Protula borealis, Protula capensis, Protula elegans, Protula meilhaci, Protula protensa, Protula rudolphi, Protula tabularia, Protula tubularia capensis, Protula tubularia tubularia, Psygmobranchus elegans, Psygmobranchus intermedius, Psygmobranchus pratensis, Psygmobranchus protensus, Psygmobranchus simplex, Psygmobranchus tubularis, Serpula arundo, Serpula tubularia
  • Genus Pseudochitinopoma[1]
  • Genus Pseudovermilia[1]
  • Genus Serpula[1]
    • Serpula vermicularis Linnaeus 1767, syn. Serpula (Serpula) aspera, Serpula (Serpula) pallida, Serpula aspera, Serpula contortuplicata, Serpula crater, Serpula cristata, Serpula echinata, Serpula fascicularis, Serpula gervaisii, Serpula interrupta, Serpula montagui, Serpula pallida, Serpula philippi, Serpula proboscidea, Serpula rugosa, Serpula venusta, Serpula vermicularis echinata, Serpula vermicularis vermicularis, Vermilia vermicularis
  • Genus Spirobranchus[1]
    • Spirobranchus giganteus Pallas 1766, syn. Cymospira bicornis, Cymospira cervina, Cymospira gigantea, Cymospira megasoma, Cymospira rubus, Olga elegantissima, Penicillum marinum, Pomatoceros oerstedi, Serpula (Cymospira) gigantea, Serpula (Galeolaria) gigantea, Serpula bicornis, Serpula gigantea, Spirobranchus (Cymospira) giganteus, Spirobranchus giganteus giganteus, Spirobranchus giganteus microceras, Spirobranchus giganteus tricornis, Spirobranchus megasoma, Spirobranchus tricornis, Terebella bicornis
    • Spirobranchus kraussi Baird 1865, syn. Pomatoceros (Pomatoleios) caerulescens, Pomatoleios caerulescens, Pomatoleios crosslandi, Pomatoleios kraussii, Pomatoleios kraussii manilensis
  • Genus Spirorbis[1]
  • Genus Vermiliopsis[1]

Spionida[edit]

Order Spionida

Chaetopteridae[edit]

Family Chaetopteridae

Magelonidae[edit]

Family Magelonidae

Spionidae[edit]

Family Spionidae

Poecilochaetidae[edit]

Family Poecilochaetidae

Terebellida[edit]

Order Terebellida

Ampharetidae[edit]

Family Ampharetidae

Cirratulidae[edit]

Family Cirratulidae

Flabelligeridae[edit]

Family Flabelligeridae

Pectinariidae[edit]

Family Pectinariidae

  • Genus Lagis[1]
    • Lagis koreni Malmgren, 1866, syn. Pectinaria (Lagis) koreni, Pectinaria (Lagis) neapolitana, Pectinaria (Lagis) pseudokoreni, Pectinaria koreni, Pectinaria malmgreni, Pectinaria neapolitana, Pectinaria robusta, Solen fragilis
    • Lagis koreni (Day, 1963), syn. Pectinaria (Lagis) koreni cirrata, endemic
  • Genus Pectinaria[1]
    • Pectinaria capensis (Pallas, 1766), syn. Nereis cylindraria capensis, Sabella capensis, Sabella chrysodon, Sabella indica, Pectinaria (Amphictene) capensis

Sternaspidae[edit]

Family Sternaspidae

Terebellidae[edit]

Family Terebellidae

Trichobranchidae[edit]

Family Trichobranchidae

Scolecida[edit]

Order Scolecida

Arenicolidae[edit]

Family Arenicolidae

Capitellidae[edit]

Family Capitellidae

Cossuridae[edit]

Family Cossuridae

Maldanidae[edit]

Family Maldanidae

Opheliidae[edit]

Family Opheliidae

Orbiniidae[edit]

Family Orbiniidae

Paraonidae[edit]

Family Paraonidae

Scalibregmatidae[edit]

Family Scalibregmatidae

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl "Checklist of South African Polychaeta. Animal checklist website". biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org. South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 25 November 2020.