List of vegetarians

From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia

For a list of vegetarians who eat no animal products, see List of vegans.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This is a list of people who have permanently adopted a vegetarian diet at some point during their life.[1][2][3][4] Former vegetarians and those whose status is disputed are not included on this list.

The following list does not include vegetarians who are identified as vegan—those who do not consume produce that utilise animal derivatives such as eggs and dairy—who are listed separately at List of vegans.

List[edit]

Mahatma Gandhi, Indian politician
Voltaire, French philosopher
Christine Lagarde, French politician
Paul McCartney, British musician
Adolf Hitler, German politician
Surya Bonaly, French professional figure skater
Viktor Bout, Russian arms dealer
Forest Whitaker, Academy Award-winning American actor
Gustav Struve, German revolutionary
Pythagoras of Samos, Greek philosopher and founder of Pythagoreanism
Nikola Tesla, Serbian-American inventor
Shania Twain, Canadian singer
George Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright
Kate Bush, British singer-songwriter
Leo Tolstoy, Russian novelist
Lo Wing-lok, Hong Kong doctor and politician
Georgina Verbaan, Dutch actress
Abraham Isaac Kook, the first Ashkenazi chief rabbi of the British Mandate for Palestine, born in Latvia
Anni-Frid Lyngstad, Norwegian singer and member of Swedish pop group ABBA
Frederik van Eeden, Dutch writer and psychiatrist
Julie Christie, British actress
Ricky Martin, Puerto Rican singer
Isadora Duncan, American dancer often credited as the creator of modern dance
Fernando Vallejo, Colombian writer
Leona Lewis, British singer and winner of the third series of The X Factor
Amílcar de Sousa, Portuguese physician, president of the first Portuguese vegetarian society
Mojo Mathers, New Zealand politician
Antoni Gaudí, Spanish Catalan architect
John Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople, an important Early Church Father
Esther Ouwehand, Dutch politician
Dick Gregory, American comedian
John Harvey Kellogg, American doctor, best known as the inventor of corn flakes
David Koresh, leader of the Branch Davidians
Gabe Saporta, Uruguayan musician, lead singer of the synthpop band Cobra Starship
Yasmien Kurdi, Filipino singer, songwriter and actress
Fred Rogers, television personality and Presbyterian minister
Faye Wong, Chinese singer
Name Occupation Country Source
Chris Adler Musician, drummer of Lamb of God United States [5]
Agathocles Political grindcore musical band Belgium [6]
Shmuel Yosef Agnon Writer Israel [7]: 171–172 
Dianna Agron Actress United States [8][9]
Eden Ahbez Musician United States [10]: 171 [11][12]
William Andrus Alcott Physician United States [10]: 34–44 [13]
Sam Altman Entrepreneur United States [14][15]
Michael Amott Musician Sweden [16]
And Then There Were None Rock band United States [17]
Johan Angergård Musician, owner of Labrador Records Sweden [18]
Lauren Anderson Model United States [19]
Anthony the Great Christian saint Egypt [20]: 22–23 [nb 1]
Álex Anwandter Musician, director Chile [22]
Apollonius of Tyana Philosopher Greece [23]: 30–35 
Christina Applegate Actress United States [24][25][unreliable source?]
Johnny Appleseed Nurseryman United States [10]: 6–7 [26][27]: 184–186, 307–310 
Joan Armatrading Musician United Kingdom [28]
Ólafur Arnalds Musician Iceland [29]
Ashoka the Great Emperor India [23]: 75–77 [30]: 14–15 [31]: 22–23 [32]: 19–20 [33]: 55–57 
Emilie Autumn Singer-songwriter, poet, violinist, actress United States [34]
Thaila Ayala Actress Brazil [35]
Amitabh Bachchan Actor India [36]
Vidya Balan Actress India [37]
Nic Balthazar Film director Belgium [38]
Jacob Bannon Musician, member of Converge United States [39]
John Banville Writer Ireland [40]
Arnaldo Baptista Musician Brazil [41]
Bob Barker Game show host United States [42]
Samantha Barks Actress, singer Isle of Man [43]
Brandon Barnes Musician, drummer of Rise Against United States [44]
Basil of Caesarea Bishop Turkey [20]: 159–160 [45]: 78 
Rabia Basri Mystic Iraq [46][47]
Joseph Bates Co-founder of Seventh-day Adventist Church United States [48]
Franco Battiato Singer-songwriter, composer, filmmaker Italy [49]
Beatle Bob Dancer, St. Louis local figure United States [50]
Jeff Beck Musician United Kingdom [51]
Nick Beggs Musician United Kingdom [52]
Conrad Beissel Religious leader Germany [10]: 3 
Kristen Bell Actress United States [53]
Raja Bell Sportsman United States [54]
Brie Bella Professional wrestler, actress, WWE Ambassador United States [55]
Jo Bench Bassist United Kingdom [56]
Anthony Benezet Abolitionist and educator United States [57]
Tony Benn Politician United Kingdom [58][59]
Hilary Benn Politician United Kingdom [60]
J. D. Beresford Novelist United Kingdom [61]
Elizabeth Berkley Actress United States [62]
Annie Besant Writer United Kingdom [30]: 99–107 
Traci Bingham Actress United States [63]
Maximilian Bircher-Benner Physician Switzerland [64]
John Bishop Comedian United Kingdom [65][66][67]
Barry Black Clergyman United States [68][69]
Pippa Black Actress Australia [70]
Tony Blackburn Disc jockey United Kingdom [71]
Zach Blair Musician, guitarist of Rise Against United States [72]
Alexa Bliss Professional wrestler United States [73]
Reginald Horace Blyth Author United Kingdom [74]
Kees Boeke Missionary Netherlands [75]: 240 
Beau Bokan Musician and singer, frontman of Blessthefall United States [76]
Marc Bolan Musician United Kingdom [77]
Michael Bolton Musician United States [78]
Surya Bonaly Skater France [79]
Bramwell Booth Chief of the Staff and General of The Salvation Army United Kingdom [80]
William Booth Preacher, Founder of The Salvation Army United Kingdom [81]
Nathaniel Borenstein Computer scientist United States [82][83]
Magnus Børmark Musician Norway [84]
Wouter Bos Politician Netherlands [nb 2]
Viktor Bout Arms dealer, entrepreneur Russia [86][87]
Josh Bradford Guitarist for Silverstein Canada [88][unreliable source?]
Constantin Brâncuși Sculptor, painter and photographer, pioneer of modernism Romania [89]: 228 
Gyles Brandreth Writer and politician United Kingdom [90]
Justin Lee Brannan Artist, community activist, organizer United States [91]
Claudia de Breij Comedian Netherlands [nb 3]
Eva Briegel Singer Germany [93][unreliable source?]
Christie Brinkley Model, actress United States [94]
Peter Brock Motor racing driver Australia [95]
Fenner Brockway Politician United Kingdom [96][97]
Joseph Brotherton Politician United Kingdom [98]
Luitzen E.J. Brouwer Mathematician Netherlands [75]: 236 
Chris Browne Cartoonist United States [99]
Kathalijne Buitenweg Politician Netherlands [100]
Héctor Buitrago Co-member of the Latin alternative band Aterciopelados Colombia [101][102]
Bully Rock band United States [103]
Tahita Bulmer Singer-songwriter for electronic band New Young Pony Club United Kingdom [104]
George Burdi Musician and white supremacist Canada [105]
Peter Burwash Tennis player Canada [106]
Kate Bush Musician United Kingdom [107]
Lauren Bush Model, designer United States [108][109][110][111][unreliable source?]
John Campbell Bassist for Lamb of God United States [5]
Nacho Cano Arranger, composer, musician, record producer Spain [112]
Julia Carling Journalist United Kingdom [113]
Belinda Carlisle Singer United States [114][unreliable source?]
Edward Carpenter Poet United Kingdom [32]: 79–80 [115]: 256–266, 276 
Ben Carson Neurosurgeon United States [116]
Chris Carter Musician United Kingdom [117]
Paul Carton Physician France [118]
Cathy Cassidy Author United Kingdom [119]
Dan Castellaneta Voice actor United States [120]
Saint Catherine of Siena Theologian Italy [20]: 167–168 [45]: 89 
Stephanie Cayo Actress, singer, model Peru [121]
Ceschi Musician United States [122]
Stephen Chan Chi Wan Businessman Hong Kong [123]
Agustina Cherri Actress, dancer, model Argentina [124][125]
Jacky Cheung Singer Hong Kong [126]
Sri Chinmoy Poet India [127]
Michael Guy Chislett Musician Australia [128][unreliable source?]
Julie Christie Actress United Kingdom [129][130]
Saint John Chrysostom Early Church Father Turkey [45]: 79 [115]: 124 
Daniël de Clercq Socialist Netherlands [131]
Sue Coe Artist United Kingdom [132]
J. M. Coetzee Writer South Africa [133]: 63–65 [134]
Rabbi David Cohen Rabbi Israel [7]: 172 [135]
She'ar Yashuv Cohen Rabbi Israel [7]: 172–173 [135]
John Coltrane Musician United States [136]
Pat Condell Writer United Kingdom [nb 4]
Confucius Philosopher China [138][139][140]
Consolidated Radical activist music group United States [141]
Jeremy Corbyn Politician United Kingdom [142]
Liam Cormier Musician United States [143]
Isabelle Cornish Actress Australia [144]
Hugo Brandt Corstius Author Netherlands [145]
Elvis Costello Musician United Kingdom [146]
Roger Crab Haberdasher United Kingdom [147]: 26–38 
Stafford Cripps Politician United Kingdom [148][149]
Ernest Howard Crosby Writer United States [10]: 143–147 
Attila Csihar Extreme metal musician Hungary [150][151]
Alfonso Cuarón Film director Mexico [152]
Mark Cuban Entrepreneur United States [153]
Rivers Cuomo Musician United States [154]
Peter Cushing Actor United Kingdom [155]
Leonardo da Vinci Polymath Republic of Florence [156]
Eugen d'Albert Musician Germany [nb 5]
John Darnielle Musician, novelist United States [158]
Georg Friedrich Daumer Poet Germany [159]: 282–286 
Dave Davies Musician United Kingdom [160]
Ray Davies Musician United Kingdom [161]
Zsombor Deak Triathlete Romania [162]
John Dear Catholic priest, Christian pacifist, vegetarianism advocate United States [163]
Brad Delp Singer-songwriter, frontman of Boston and RTZ United States [164]
Eugenio Derbez Television actor, director Mexico [165]
Morarji Desai 4th Prime Minister of India India [166]
Floortje Dessing Presenter Netherlands [167]
Torrey DeVitto Actress, musician, former fashion model United States [168][169]
Thomas Di Leva Singer-songwriter Sweden [170]
Julieta Díaz Actress Argentina [171]
Dave Dictor Musician United States [172]
Mike Dirnt Musician United States [173][unreliable source?]
Donovan Musician United Kingdom [174]
Eliza Doolittle Musician United Kingdom [175][176][unreliable source?][177]
David D'Or Musician Israel [178]
Julien Doré Singer-songwriter, musician, actor France [179][180]
Desmond Doss Combat medic, Medal of Honor recipient United States [181]
Pia Douwes Actress Netherlands [92]
Hugh Dowding Officer in the Royal Air Force United Kingdom [182]
Muriel Dowding, Baroness Dowding Animal rights activist United Kingdom [183]: 137–151 
Anna Drijver Model Netherlands [184]
Isadora Duncan Dancer United States [185]
Michael Clarke Duncan Actor United States [186][unreliable source?]
Frederik van Eeden Writer Netherlands [187]
Greg Egan Writer Australia [188]
Michael Eisner Businessman United States [189]
Mattias Eklundh Musician Sweden [190]
Emmanuel Singer Mexico [191]
Emmylou Harris Musician United States [192]
Empedocles of Acragas Ancient Greek philosopher Greece [23]: 30–32 [45]: 41–42 [115]: 64–66 
Guy Endore Writer United States [193]
Selma Ergeç Actress Turkey [194]
En Esch Musician Germany [195]
Joshua Evans Quaker minister United States [196]: 40 [10]: 7 
Henri W.PH.E. van den Bergh van Eysinga Writer Netherlands [75]: 228 
Brian Fair Vocalist for metal band Shadows Fall United States [197][unreliable source?]
Cosey Fanni Tutti Performance artist, musician, writer United Kingdom [117]
Corey Feldman Actor United States [198][unreliable source?]
Marty Feldman Comedian United Kingdom [199]
Adam Ferguson Philosopher United Kingdom [159]: 208 [200]: 204–206 
Vanessa Ferlito Actress United States [201]
Marsilio Ficino Philosopher Italy [202]
Doug Fieger Musician United States [203]
Thomas Gabriel Fischer Metal musician who led the groups Hellhammer, Celtic Frost and Triptykon Switzerland [204]
Harley Flanagan Founding member and former bassist of the crossover thrash band Cro-Mags. United States [205]
Alba Flores Actress Spain [206]
Flux of Pink Indians Anarcho-punk/post-punk band United Kingdom [207]
Jerome Flynn Actor United Kingdom [208]
Jonathan Safran Foer Writer United States [209]
Alina Foley Actress United States [210][unreliable source?]
Alan Ford Actor United Kingdom [211][212]
Desmond Ford Evangelical Christian Australia [213][214]
Thomas Ignatius Maria Forster Astronomer United Kingdom [147]: 374–375 
J. D. Fortune Musician Canada [215]
Jorja Fox Actress United States [216][217][unreliable source?]
Sage Francis Rapper United States [218][unreliable source?]
Saint Francis of Paola Mendicant friar Italy [20]: 146 
Nat Friedman Programmer United States [219]
Edgar Froese German artist and electronic music pioneer, best known for founding the electronic music group Tangerine Dream Germany [220]
Sadie Frost Actress United Kingdom [221][unreliable source?]
John Galliano Fashion designer United Kingdom [222][unreliable source?]
Mahatma Gandhi Leader of the Indian independence movement India [223]: xii [224]
Gao Yuanyuan Actress China [225][unreliable source?]
Jerry Garcia Singer-songwriter and guitarist United States [226]
Germán Garmendia YouTuber Chile [227][non-primary source needed]
Nicky Garratt Musician, chef United Kingdom [228]
Antoni Gaudí Architect Spain [229]
John Gay Poet and dramatist United Kingdom [159]: 115–119 
Teri Gender Bender Musician United States [230]
Geoffrey Giuliano Actor United States [231]
Philip Glass Composer United States [232]
Kevin Godley Musician United Kingdom [233]
Daniel Goldhagen Author, professor, political scientist United States [234]
Bobcat Goldthwait Comedian United States [235]
Lewis Gompertz Animal rights advocate United Kingdom [236]
Jorge González Musician, former leader of the band Los Prisioneros Chile [237]
João Gordo Singer-songwriter Brazil [238]
Shlomo Goren Rabbi Israel [7]: 104, 173–174 [135]
Lawrence Gowan Musician Canada [239]
Mckenna Grace Actress United States [240][unreliable source?]
Sylvester Graham Dietary reformer United States [10]: 15–70 [30]: 141–148 
Percy Grainger Musician Australia [241]: 78–79 
Dion Graus Politician Netherlands [242]
Derrick Green Extreme metal vocalist for Sepultura United States [243]
Gail Greenwood Musician United States [244]
Dick Gregory Comedian United States [30]: 215–218 
Amanda Griffin Model Philippines [245]
Angela Groothuizen Singer Netherlands [246]
Benjamin Grosvenor Musician United Kingdom [247]
Vida Guerra Glamour model Cuba [248][non-primary source needed]
Nacha Guevara Singer-songwriter, dancer and actress Argentina [249]
Ramachandra Guha Historian India [250]
Chin Chin Gutierrez Actress Philippines [251][unreliable source?]
GZA Rapper United States [252]
Ha Okio Musician Vietnam [253]
Alexander Hacke Musician Germany [254]
Nina Hagen Singer and actress Germany [255]
Alexander Haig Physician United Kingdom [256]
J. B. S. Haldane Scientist United Kingdom [257]
Otoman Zar-Adusht Ha'nish Spiritual leader United States [258]
Trés Hanley Actress and singer United States [259]
Hao Lei Actress China [260]
Neil Harbisson Cyborg Spain [261]
John Harris Journalist United Kingdom [262]
George Harrison Musician United Kingdom [263]
Lenie 't Hart Animal rights activist Netherlands [264]
Maarten 't Hart Biologist Netherlands [nb 6]
David Hartley Philosopher United Kingdom [266]: 207–209 [nb 7]
Thom Hartmann Radio personality, author United States [268]
Annie Haslam Musician United Kingdom [269]
Juliana Hatfield Musician United States [270]
Lizzy Hawker Long-distance runner United Kingdom [271]
Samantha Hayes News presenter New Zealand [272]
Heaven Shall Burn Extreme metal band Germany [273]
Sadegh Hedayat Writer Iran [274]
Martin van Hees Philosopher Netherlands [275][276]
Anne-Marie Helder Singer-songwriter United Kingdom [277]
Maximiliano Hernández Martínez Politician El Salvador [278]
Rudolf Hess Politician Germany [279]
Missy Higgins Singer-songwriter Australia [280][281]
Saint Hilarion Anchorite Egypt [20]: 24–25 
Arnold Hills Businessman United Kingdom [282]
Susumu Hirasawa Musician Japan [283]
Adolf Hitler Politician Austria [284][285][286][287][nb 8]
Isa Hoes Actress Netherlands [167]
Lancelot Hogben Zoologist United Kingdom [292]
Amanda Holden Actress and television presenter United Kingdom [293][unreliable source?]
Jens Holm Politician Sweden [294]
Tuomas Holopainen Keyboardist, songwriter Finland [295]
Henriette Roland Holst Poet Netherlands [75]: 230 
Hostage Calm Punk rock band United States [296][unreliable source?]
John Howard Prison reformer United Kingdom [297]
Steve Howe Musician, guitarist for progressive rock band Yes United Kingdom [298]
Mike Hranica Singer for metalcore band The Devil Wears Prada United States [299]
Dave Hughes Television presenter Australia [300]
Richard Hughes Drummer United Kingdom [301]
Henny Huisman Television presenter Netherlands [302]
Aldous Huxley Writer United Kingdom [303]
Iamblichus Philosopher Syria [304]
Eric Idle Comedian, musician, writer United Kingdom [305]
Frank Iero Musician United States [306][unreliable source?]
Steve Ignorant Singer and artist, co-founder of the anarcho-punk band Crass United Kingdom [307]
Michael Imperioli Actor United States [308][unreliable source?]
Ewout Irrgang Politician Netherlands [309]
La Toya Jackson Singer United States [310]
Susan Saint James Actress United States [183]: 47–58 
Reid Jamieson Singer-songwriter Canada [311]
Jim Jarmusch Film director United States [312]
JeA Singer South Korea [313][314][315]
Mick Jenkins Rapper United States [316]
Joan Jett Singer-songwriter United States [317]
Éder Jofre Boxer Brazil [318]
Matt Johnson Vocalist and keyboardist of the indie pop duo Matt and Kim United States [319]
Christofer Johnsson Musician, founder member of Therion Sweden [320]
James Johnston Politician United Kingdom [321]
Howard Jones Musician United Kingdom [322]
Watkin Tudor Jones Musician South Africa [323]
Jónsi Musician, founder of post-rock band Sigur Rós Iceland [324]
Sachiin J. Joshi Actor, producer India [325]
Mike Joyce Drummer United Kingdom [326]
Juanes Singer-songwriter Colombia [327]
Kabīr Poet India [23]: 47–49 
Alter Kacyzne Photo-journalist Lithuania [7]: 171 
Franz Kafka Novelist Austria-Hungary [328]
Shelly Kagan Philosopher United States [329]
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 11th President of India India [330]
Roberta Kalechofsky Jewish writer, feminist, animal rights activist United States [331]
Antonie Kamerling Actor Netherlands [332]
Shahid Kapoor Actor India [333][unreliable source?]
Eliane Karp Anthropologist, former First Lady of Peru France [334]
Raden Adjeng Kartini Educator, feminist Indonesia [335]
Bill Kaulitz Singer Germany [336]
Kayah Singer Poland [337]
Sati Kazanova Singer Russia [338]
Annette Kellermann Swimmer and actress Australia [339]
John Harvey Kellogg Physician United States [30]: 149–158 
Matthew Kenney Chef United States [340]
Kesha Singer-songwriter United States [341]
Irrfan Khan Actor India [342][343]
Ayya Khema Bhikkhuni Germany and United States [344]
Steve Kilbey Singer-songwriter Australia [345]
Masta Killa Rapper United States [346][unreliable source?]
Kim Hyo-jin Actress South Korea [347]
Anna Bonus Kingsford Magazine editor United Kingdom [159]: 374–383 [348]
Bep van Klaveren Boxer Netherlands [75]: 103 [349]
Marcela Kloosterboer Actress Argentina [350]
Nicolette Kluijver Television presenter and model Netherlands [167]
Paul Koehler Drummer of metalcore band Silverstein Canada [88][351]
Niko Koffeman Politician Netherlands [nb 9]
Hannes Kolehmainen Long-distance runner Finland [353]
Martine Wittop Koning Writer Netherlands [75]: 231 [354]
Abraham Isaac Kook Rabbi Latvia [7]: 175 [23]: 118–121 [135]
Kim van Kooten Actress and screenwriter Netherlands [332]
David Koresh Leader of Branch Davidians United States [355]
k-os Rapper Canada [356][357][unreliable source?]
Killer Kowalski Professional wrestler Canada [30]: 231–236 
Daniel H. Kress Physician, follower of John Harvey Kellogg Canada-United States [358][page needed]
Lauretta E. Kress Physician, follower of John Harvey Kellogg United States [358]
Jiddu Krishnamurti Writer and public speaker India [359]
Liv Kristine Singer-songwriter Norway [360]
KRS-One Rapper United States [361]
Alexander Krull Singer Germany [360]
Attje Kuiken Politician Netherlands [362]
Sushil Kumar Wrestler India [363]
František Kupka Artist Czechoslovakia [nb 10][nb 11]
Yasmien Kurdi Singer Philippines [245]
Haldor Lægreid Singer Norway [366]
Christine Lagarde managing director of the International Monetary Fund France [367]
Alphonse de Lamartine Writer, poet and politician France [nb 12][nb 13]
Carla Lane Television writer United Kingdom [369]
Robert Lange Record producer and songwriter South Africa [370]
Frances Moore Lappé Researcher and writer United States [371]
Lauren Laverne Radio DJ, television presenter and musician United Kingdom [372][373]
Maricel Laxa Comedian and actress Philippines [374]
Benjamin Lay Abolitionist United States [375][376][377]
Cloris Leachman Actress United States [378]
Charles Webster Leadbeater Author United Kingdom [379]
Rita Lee Singer-songwriter Brazil [380][381]
Patricia de León Actress, TV host, model, beauty pageant titleholder Panama [382]
Nikolai Leskov Writer Russia [383]
Chris Leslie Electric folk musician, member of Fairport Convention United Kingdom [384]
Katie Leung Actress United Kingdom [385]
Leona Lewis Singer United Kingdom [386][387][388][unreliable source?]
Tony Levin Musician United States [389]
Liang Shuming Philosopher, teacher, and leader in the Rural Reconstruction Movement China [390]
Jimmy Liao Picture book illustrator Taiwan [123]
Bart de Ligt Anarcho-pacifist and antimilitarist Netherlands [75]: 239 
Jan Ligthart Teacher Netherlands [75]: 220 
Jack Lindsay Writer Australia [241]: 77 
Richard Linklater Film director United States [391][392][393]
Tzipi Livni Politician Israel [394]
Eneko Llanos Athlete Spain [395]
Lo Wing-lok Physician and politician Hong Kong [123]
Michael Locher Musician Switzerland [396]
Claire Loewenfeld Nutritionist and herbalist Germany [397]
César López Musician Mexico [398]
Patricia López Actress Chile [399]
Kiko Loureiro Musician, Guitarist Brazil [400]
Lu You Poet China [401]
Arjen Lucassen Singer-songwriter Netherlands [402]
Joanna Lumley Actress United Kingdom [403]
Anni-Frid Lyngstad Singer Norway [84]
Lady Constance Lytton Suffragette United Kingdom [404]
M-1 Rapper, member of Dead Prez United States [405]
Grant MacEwan Professor and politician Canada [406]
Francisco Madero Politician, writer and revolutionary Mexico [407][408]
R. Madhavan Actor, writer, producer, television presenter India [409]
Jamby Madrigal Politician Philippines [245]
Jaime de Magalhães Lima Philosopher, poet and writer Portugal [nb 14]
Mahavira Sage who established tenets of Jainism India [30]: 19–28 
Gustav Mahler Composer and one of the leading conductors of his generation Austria-Hungary [nb 15][nb 16]
Lucy A. Mallory Writer, publisher, editor, and spiritualist United States [413]
Andrius Mamontovas Musician, songwriter, record producer, actor Lithuania [414][415]
Mani Founder of Manichaeism Iran [416]
João Manzarra Television host Portugal [417]
Jodie Marsh Media personality, glamour model United Kingdom [418][unreliable source?]
Andy Martin Musician and writer United Kingdom [419]
Billy Martin Guitarist and keyboardist for pop punk band Good Charlotte United States [420][unreliable source?]
Luis Miguel Martín Long-distance runner Spain [421]
Ricky Martin Singer-songwriter, actor Puerto Rico [422][unreliable source?]
Mariano Gabriel Martínez Musician and producer, founder of the band Attaque 77 Argentina [423]
Sebastián Martínez Actor Colombia [424]
Doug Martsch Musician, member of Built to Spill United States [425][unreliable source?]
Scott Maslen Actor, model United Kingdom [426][unreliable source?]
Paul Masvidal Musician, member of progressive metal band Cynic United States [427]
Mojo Mathers Politician, member of the New Zealand House of Representatives New Zealand [428]
Andre Matos Musician Brazil [429][430]
Trixie Mattel Drag queen, singer-songwriter, comedian United States [431][non-primary source needed]
Brian May Musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, astrophysicist, author, contributor United Kingdom [citation needed]
Alicia Mayer Actress, comedian Philippines [432][unreliable source?]
Mazdak Founder of Mazdakism Iran [433]
Paul Mazurkiewicz Drummer for death metal band Cannibal Corpse United States [434]
Winston McCall Musician Australia [435]
Colman McCarthy Journalist, teacher, lecturer, peace activist United States [10]: 206–207 
Linda McCartney Photographer, musician, entrepreneur United States [436]
Paul McCartney Musician, composer, producer, businessman, member of The Beatles United Kingdom [437][438][439][440][441]
Stella McCartney Fashion designer United Kingdom [442]
Rue McClanahan Actress, comedian, author United States [443]
Patrick McDonnell Illustrator, creator of Mutts United States [444]
James McDowall Politician, member of the New Zealand House of Representatives New Zealand [445]
Jay McGuiness Singer, member of the boy band The Wanted United Kingdom [175][176][177]
Tim McIlrath Musician, vocalist and guitarist of Rise Against United States [446]
Gina McKee Actress United Kingdom [447]
Virginia McKenna Actress, author and wildlife campaigner United Kingdom [448]
Edward McMillan-Scott Member of the European Parliament United Kingdom [449]
Trash McSweeney Musician, leader of the band The Red Paintings Australia [450][451][non-primary source needed]
Hemant Mehta Author, blogger, atheist activist United States [452]
Armin Meiwes Convict who claims to be reformed and concerned about injustices Germany [citation needed]
Shraga Feivel Mendlowitz Rabbi, leader of American Orthodoxy United States [453][454]
Natalie Merchant Musician, songwriter United States [455]
Method Man Hip hop artist, record producer, actor, member of the Wu-Tang Clan United States [456]
Chucho Merchán Musician Colombia [457]
Saint Angela de Merici Religious leader and saint Italy [20]: 125–126 
Johan Messchaert Singer and vocal pedagogue Netherlands [75]: 219 
Reinhard Mey Singer-songwriter Germany [458]
Eustace Miles Real tennis player and health writer United Kingdom [459]
Gabrielle Miller Actress Canada [460]
Crispian Mills Musician, songwriter, film director United Kingdom [461]
Hayley Mills Actress, singer United Kingdom [462]
Milo Rapper United States [463]
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola Renaissance philosopher Italy [464]
Narendra Modi 14th Prime Minister of India India [465]
Elizabeth Maria Molteno Suffragist and civil rights activist South Africa [466]
Daniel Mongrain Musician for metal bands Martyr and Voivod Canada [467]
Théodore Monod Naturalist, explorer, and humanist scholar France [468]
Andrea Montenegro Actress, model Peru [469]
Leonardo Montero TV host Argentina [470]
Alan Moore Comic book writer United Kingdom [471]
J. Howard Moore Zoologist, philosopher, educator and socialist United States [472]
Jenna Morasca Actor, swimsuit model, winner of Survivor: The Amazon United States [473][unreliable source?]
Tom Morello Guitarist, singer, songwriter, former member of Rage Against the Machine United States [474]
Edwin Moses Former track and field athlete United States [475]
Malcolm Muggeridge Journalist, author, satirist United Kingdom [30]: 243–250 
Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Saintly Tamil-speaking teacher and Sufi mystic from the island of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka [23]: 175 
Lillian Müller Model, actress in motion pictures and television Norway [84]
Desidério Murcho Philosopher, professor, and writer Portugal [nb 17]
Stuart Murdoch Musician, member of indie pop band Belle & Sebastian United Kingdom [477][unreliable source?]
Keith Murray Musician, member of indie rock band We Are Scientists United States [478][unreliable source?]
Murs Rapper United States [479][unreliable source?]
Reuben D. Mussey Medical doctor and an early opponent of tobacco United States [10]: 44–46 
My Summer As A Salvation Soldier Singer-songwriter Iceland [480]
Adam Myerson Cyclist United States [481][482]
Xavier Naidoo Singer-songwriter, record producer Germany [483]
Andrew Napolitano Senior Judicial Analyst for Fox News Channel, former host of Freedom Watch United States [484]
Kevin Nealon Actor and comedian United States [485]
Helen Nearing Author United States [486]
Scott Nearing Economist, educator, writer United States [486]
Sharon Needles Drag Queen, Singer United States [487][unreliable source?]
Philip Neri Priest noted for founding the "Congregation of the Oratory" Italy [20]: 152 [266]: 153 
Mike Ness Musician for punk rock band Social Distortion United States [488]
Jukka Nevalainen Musician, member of Nightwish Finland [489]
Phil Neville Footballer, played for Manchester United and Everton United Kingdom [490]
George Nicholson Nationally known printer United Kingdom [491]
Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis The Netherlands' first prominent socialist Netherlands [75]: 214 
Nityalila Singer-songwriter Philippines [492]
Roberto de Nobili Jesuit missionary to Southern India Italy [493]
William F. Nolan Novelist, short story writer United States [494]
Krist Novoselic Musician, songwriter, author, activist, Nirvana member United States [495]
Laura Nyro Songwriter, singer, pianist United States [496]
Suresh Oberoi Character actor India [497]
Vivek Oberoi Actor India [498]
Billy Ocean Singer-songwriter United Kingdom [499]
Natasja Oerlemans Politician, prominent member of the Party for the Animals Netherlands [500]
José Oiticica Poet, activist Brazil [501]
Henry Oldham Obstetric physician United Kingdom [502]
Margreth Olin Film director and producer Norway [84]
Maria O'Neill Writer, poet, journalist, spiritualist Portugal [503]
Onision YouTuber and Internet personality United States [504]
Natalia Oreiro Singer, actress, fashion designer Uruguay [505]
Origen of Alexandria Early Christian Neoplatonist philosopher and theologian and Church Father Roman province of Egypt [506]
Dean Ornish Physician and researcher United States [507]
Kelly Osbourne Singer-songwriter, author, actress, television personality, radio personality, fashion designer United Kingdom [508]
Maja Ostaszewska Actress Poland [509][510][511]
Carré Otis Actress, model United States [512]
Esther Ouwehand Politician, marketing manager Netherlands [nb 18]
Cem Özdemir Politician Germany [514]
Monty Panesar Cricketer United Kingdom [515]
Alice Paul Socialist, suffragist, feminist, and women's rights activist United States [516]
Alexandra Paul Actress United States [517]
Gastón Pauls Actor, TV host, producer Argentina [125]
Nicolás Pauls Actor, musician Argentina [518]
Justin Pearson Musician for a number of noise rock and hardcore bands, as The Locust United States [519][unreliable source?][520]
Kal Penn Film and television actor, producer, and civil servant United States [521]
Isaac Leib Peretz Yiddish language author and playwright Poland [7]: 171 
Tony Perry Musician, member of Pierce the Veil United States [522][unreliable source?]
Fiona Phillips Television broadcaster United Kingdom [293][unreliable source?]
Richard Phillips Schoolteacher, author and publisher United Kingdom [159]: 235–244 
Kellie Pickler Singer-songwriter United States [523][unreliable source?]
Gary Pihl Guitarist, member of the band Boston United States [524]
Sarah M. Pike Comparative religion scholar United States [525]
Pitchshifter Metal band United Kingdom [526]
Plotinus Ancient Greek Neoplatonist philosopher Greece [nb 19][528]
Plutarch Biographer, essayist, priest, ambassador, magistrate Greece [529]
Henri Polak Trade unionist and politician Netherlands [75]: 229 
Alexander Pope Poet United Kingdom [530]
John Porcelly Musician United States [531]
Porphyry Ancient Greek Neoplatonist philosopher Greece [31]: 37–38 [45]: 58–61 
Martín de Porres Lay brother of the Dominican Order Peru [20]: 206 
John Cowper Powys Novelist United Kingdom [532]
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada Gaudiya Vaishnava teacher, founder-acharya of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness India [23]: 56–60 [30]: 173–180 
Jade Puget Musician, member of the alternative rock band AFI United States [533]
Purified in Blood Metalcore band Norway [534]
Jimmy Pursey Musician, record producer United Kingdom [535]
Puyi Emperor China [536]
Pythagoras of Samos Ionian Greek philosopher, religious teacher, political leader, and founder of Pythagoreanism Greece [46][537]
Martha Quinn One of the original video jockeys on MTV United States [538]
Andrea Rabagliati Author United Kingdom [539]
Shrimad Rajchandra Jain poet and philosopher India [540][541]
C. V. Raman Physicist India [542]
Srinivasa Ramanujan Mathematician and autodidact India [543]
Anna Ramírez Bauxel Racing cyclist Spain [544]
Murray Rankin Politician Canada [545]
Guillaume Thomas François Raynal Writer and man of letters during the Age of Enlightenment France [nb 20]
Jean Jacques Élisée Reclus Geographer, anarchist revolutionary, and writer France [32]: 88, 105, 173–176 
Dame Patsy Reddy Governor-General of New Zealand New Zealand [547]
Redman Rapper, record producer, actor United States [548]
Dimitri Reinderman Chess Grandmaster with an Elo rating of 2542 Netherlands [302]
Ilya Yefimovich Repin Leading Russian painter and sculptor of the Peredvizhniki artistic school Russia [383][549]: 110–114 
Rekha Actress India [550]
Reshma Renowned folk singer of Pakistan Pakistan [551]
Rou Reynolds Lead vocalist of Enter Shikari United Kingdom [552][non-primary source needed]
Saint Richard of Chichester Saint who was Bishop of Chichester United Kingdom [20]: 191 [45]: 81 
Penny Rimbaud Writer, poet, philosopher, co-founder of the punk band Crass United Kingdom [553]
Joseph Ritson Antiquary United Kingdom [159]: 185–190 
Maura Rivera Dancer, television performer Chile [554]
Reuven Rivlin 10th President of Israel Israel [555]
Andy Robinson English rugby union coach and retired player United Kingdom [556]
Zack de la Rocha Rapper, songwriter, activist, singer of Rage Against the Machine United States [474]
Carlos Rodríguez Musician Argentina [557]
José Luis Rodríguez Singer Venezuela [558][559][non-primary source needed]
Fred Rogers Educator, minister, songwriter, television host United States [560]
Romain Rolland Dramatist, essayist, art historian, novelist France [561]
Uli Jon Roth Musician Germany [562]
Xavier Rudd Musician, singer-songwriter Australia [563][564][unreliable source?][565]
Hastings Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford Nobility, activist United Kingdom [566]
RZA Rapper, CEO, record producer, actor, screenwriter, author, director United States [567][568]
Jonathan Sacks Rabbi, philosopher, and scholar of Judaism United Kingdom [569]
Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre Writer, botanist France [147]: 208–214 [159]: 173–176 
Henry Stephens Salt Writer, teacher, social reformer United Kingdom [570]
Cesár Sampson Singer Austria [571]
Diederik Samsom Politician Netherlands [572]
Ric Sanders Violinist, member of Fairport Convention United Kingdom [384]
Justin Sane Lead guitarist, singer and songwriter of the punk rock group Anti-Flag United States [573]
Gabe Saporta Lead singer and primary creative force behind the synthpop band Cobra Starship Uruguay [306][unreliable source?]
Susan Sarandon Actress United States [574]
Judith Sargentini GreenLeft politician Netherlands [575]
Martin Sastre Artist, filmmaker Uruguay [576]
Swami Satchidananda Religious teacher, spiritual master and yoga adept India [577]
Kool Savas German rapper Germany [483]
Sky Saxon Musician United States [578]
Nikolas Schiller Blogger, prominent digital map artist in the blogosphere, civil rights activist United States [579]
Wim T. Schippers Voice actor, producer, comedian Netherlands [100]
Fred Schneider Musician, frontman of the rock band The B-52's United States [580][unreliable source?]
Tom Scholz Musician, founder of the band Boston United States [581]
Loretta Schrijver Television host Netherlands [nb 21][unreliable source?]
Richard H. Schwartz Professor emeritus of mathematics, president of the Jewish Vegetarians of North America United States [583]
Jason Schwartzman Actor, musician United States [584]
Albert Schweitzer Music, philanthropist, theologian Germany [585]
Jeremy Scott Fashion designer United States [586]
Jenny Seagrove Actress, animal rights activist United Kingdom [citation needed]
Kevin Seconds Singer for hardcore punk band 7 Seconds United States [587]
Virender Sehwag One of the leading batsmen in the Indian cricket team India [588]
Sandra Seifert Nurse, beauty pageant contestant, fashion model Taiwan [245]
Captain Sensible Musician United Kingdom [589]
Serenity Erotic dancer and pornographic actress United States [590]
Christian Serratos Actress United States [591]
Quintus Sextius Philosopher, whose philosophy combined Pythagoreanism with Stoicism Italy [nb 22]
Otep Shamaya Vocalist of nu metal band Otep United States [593]
Anushka Sharma Actress, producer India [594]
George Bernard Shaw Playwright, critic, political activist Ireland [46][595]
Martin Shaw Actor United Kingdom [596]
Francis Sheehy-Skeffington Pacifist, suffragist Ireland [597]
Percy Bysshe Shelley Poet, dramatist, essayist, novelist United Kingdom [159]: 218–235 
Herbert Shelton Alternative medicine advocate, author, pacifist United States [10]: 160–161 
Sheetal Sheth Actress, producer United States [598]
Barbie Shu Actress and singer Taiwan [123]
Agostinho da Silva Philosopher, essayist and writer Portugal [599]
Sarah Silverman Comedian, writer, actress, singer and musician United States [600]
Robert B. Silvers Editor United States [601]
Aaron Simpson Mixed martial artist United States [602]
Isaac Bashevis Singer Novelist, short story writer United States [30]: 237–242 [603][604][605]
Peter Singer Moral philosopher Australia [606]
Fauja Singh Centenarian marathon runner India [607][608][unreliable source?]
Matt Skiba Musician for Alkaline Trio and Blink-182 United States [609]
Jon Skolmen Actor and comedian Norway [366]
Jaden Smith Actor, Musician United States [610][611]
Frank Somerville Journalist United States [612]
Song Il-gook Actor South Korea [347]
Sonu Sood Actor, model India [613]
Matt Sorum Musician United States [614]
Patricia Sosa Singer Argentina [615]
Sotion Neopythagorean philosopher Greece [616]
Amílcar de Sousa Medical doctor, author, president of the first Portuguese vegetarian society Portugal [617]
Henry Spira Widely regarded as one of the most effective animal rights activists of the 20th century United States [618]
Freddie Starr Comedian United Kingdom [619]
Ringo Starr Musician, singer-songwriter, actor, drummer for the Beatles United Kingdom [620][621]
Bill Steer Guitarist for extreme metal band Carcass United Kingdom [622]
Aad Stelylen Former Dutch athlete, specialised in long distances Netherlands [75]: 102 
Arran Stephens Writer, founder of Nature's Path Foods Canada [623]
Jon Stewart TV show host, comedian United States [624]
Courtney Stodden Reality show contestant, actress, model United States [625]
Joss Stone Singer-songwriter, actress United Kingdom [626][unreliable source?][627][628]
Jan P. Strijbos Naturalist, cineast, photographer, journalist, writer Netherlands [75]: 242 
Joe Strummer Musician, vocalist and guitarist of punk rock band The Clash United Kingdom [629]
Stu Strumwasser Novelist and entrepreneur United States [630]
Gustav Struve Politician Germany [159]: 271–281 
Poly Styrene Singer-songwriter United Kingdom [631]
Stza Musician United States [632]
María Eugenia Suárez Actress, singer, model Argentina [633]
Mark Suppelsa Television anchor United States [634]
David Sylvian Singer-songwriter and musician, lead vocalist and main songwriter in the group Japan United Kingdom [635]
Rabindranath Tagore Poet, playwright, essayist India [636][637]
Amber Tamblyn Actress United States [638]
Carlo Taranto Member of the trio of TV and radio commentators Gialappa's Band Italy [639]
Tarkan Singer-songwriter, record producer, performer Turkey [640]
Tertullian Prolific early Berber Christian author from Carthage in the Roman province of Africa Roman Empire (Carthage) [31]: 53 [115]: 116–117 
Nikola Tesla Inventor, engineer and futurist Serbia [641][642]
Shashi Tharoor Politician India [643][non-primary source needed]
The Giving Tree Band Rock band United States [644]
Marianne Thieme Politician, animal rights activist, author Netherlands [nb 23]
Maarten Tjallingii Professional racing cyclist for UCI ProTeam Visma–Lease a Bike Netherlands [646]
Olga Tokarczuk Writer, public intellectual, psychologist, feminist Poland [647]
Leo Tolstoy Novelist, short story writer, playwright, essayist Russia [30]: 88–97 [46][648]
Peter Tosh Musician, member of The Wailers Jamaica [649]
Devin Townsend Musician, former member of Strapping Young Lad United States [650]
Lily Travers Actress United Kingdom [651]
Paolo Troubetzkoy Artist, sculptor Russia [nb 24]
Trương Thị May Beauty pageant titleholder Vietnam [653]
Titia van der Tuuk Author, feminist, pacifist, teacher Netherlands [75]: 226 
Shania Twain Singer-songwriter, television personality Canada [654][655][unreliable source?]
Richard Ungewitter Writer, pioneer of the German nudist movement Germany [147]: 436–437 
Uphill Battle Metalcore band United States [656]
Mellie Uyldert Writer, alternative healer, occultist and astrologer Netherlands [75]: 246 
Steve Vai Guitarist, composer, singer, songwriter, producer United States [657]
Pedro Valdjiu Musician, member of Blasted Mechanism Portugal [658]
Fernando Vallejo Novelist, filmmaker, essayist Colombia [659]
Ville Valo Musician Finland [660]
Dada Vaswani Spiritual leader India [661]
Sadhu Vaswani Spiritual leader India [662]
Gee Vaucher Visual artist United Kingdom [553]
Eddie Vedder Musician, songwriter, member of alternative rock band Pearl Jam United States [663]
David Velasco Editor United States [664]
Marly van der Velden Actress Netherlands [nb 25]
Krista van Velzen Politician Netherlands [100]
Milo Ventimiglia Actor, director United States [666][667]
Georgina Verbaan Actress, singer Netherlands [332]
Dirk Verbeuren Drummer for melodic death metal band Soilwork Belgium [668][unreliable source?]
Umberto Veronesi Surgeon and oncologist Italy [669]
Virgil Poet Italy [46]
Yolandi Visser Musician South Africa [323]
M. Visvesvaraya Indian engineer, scholar, statesman and the Diwan of Mysore India [670]
Swami Vivekananda Chief disciple of the 19th-century saint Ramakrishna India [23]: 50–52 
Voltaire Writer, philosopher, playwright France [671]
Marijke Vos Politician Netherlands [100]
Ed Vulliamy Journalist United Kingdom [672]
Vydūnas Teacher, poet, humanist, philosopher and writer Lithuania [673]
Jeffrey Walker Vocalist and bassist for extreme metal band Carcass United Kingdom [674]
David Wallechinsky Author of many Olympic reference books and other reference books United States [30]: 219–224 
George Watsky Hip hop artist, author and poet United States [675]
Gerard Way Singer/songwriter, comic book writer, My Chemical Romance frontman United States [676]
Keenen Ivory Wayans Actor, comedian United States [677]
Bernard Weatherill Politician, Speaker of the House of Commons United Kingdom [678]
Beatrice Webb Sociologist, economist, socialist United Kingdom [679]
John Wesley Founder of Methodism United Kingdom [680]
Charlotte Wessels Singer-songwriter, lead vocalist of Delain Netherlands [681]
Vivienne Westwood Fashion designer United Kingdom [682][unreliable source?]
Jason Whalley Singer for punk rock band Frenzal Rhomb Australia [683]
Forest Whitaker Actor, producer, director United States [684]
Ellen G. White Author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church United States [685]
Zara Whites Former adult film actress Netherlands [nb 26]
Norbert Wiener Mathematician, famous child prodigy, originator of cybernetics United States [687]
Evan Williams Internet entrepreneur, Co-founder of Twitter United States [688]
Wendy O. Williams Singer, actress, member of the punk rock band Plasmatics United States [689]
Liam Wilson Musician United States [690]
Steven Wilson Rock musician United Kingdom [691][692]
Wismichu YouTuber Spain [693][694][non-primary source needed]
John Woolman Merchant, tailor, journalist, and itinerant Quaker preacher, and an early abolitionist in the colonial era United States [695]
Faye Wong Recording artist, actress China [696][697][unreliable source?]
S. Fowler Wright Novelist United Kingdom [nb 27]
Esmé Wynne-Tyson Actress and writer United Kingdom [30]: 167–171 
Jon Wynne-Tyson Publisher, Quaker, activist and pacifist who founded Centaur Press in 1954 United Kingdom [699]
Shmuly Yanklowitz Modern Orthodox Rabbi, activist, educator, writer, motivational speaker, social entrepreneur, founder of Uri L'Tzedek United States [700][701]
"Weird Al" Yankovic Comedy musician United States [702][703]
Owain Yeoman Actor United Kingdom [704][unreliable source?]
Yoon Jin-seo Actress South Korea [347]
Thom Yorke Musician, singer and principal songwriter of the alternative rock band Radiohead United Kingdom [705]
Cy Young Baseball pitcher United States [706]
Marguerite Yourcenar Author, essayist, poet France [707][708]
Zarathustra Founder of Zoroastrianism Iran [46][709]
Ieva Zasimauskaitė Singer Lithuania [710]
Zendaya Actress, singer-songwriter United States [711]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ "He ate once a day, after sunset, sometimes once in two days, and often even in four. His food was bread and salt, his drink, water only. Of flesh and wine it is superfluous even to speak, since no such thing was found with the other earnest men."[21]: Paragraph 7 
  2. ^ (Original Dutch) V: "Wie is die man die 's zondags het vlees snijdt?" A: "De tofoe snijdt, want ik ben vegetariër." (Translation into English) Q: "Who is that man preparing the meat on Sunday?" A: "Preparing the tofu, because I am a vegetarian."[85]
  3. ^ (Original Dutch) "Wat hebben Paul McCartney, Claudia de Breij, Erik Mouthaan en Pia Douwes met elkaar gemeen? [..] Ze zijn vegetariërs..." (Translation into English) "What do Paul McCartney, Claudia de Breij, Erik Mouthaan and Pia Douwes have in common? [..] They're vegetarians..."[92]
  4. ^ "I became a vegetarian in 1976 while watching a deer being butchered."[137]
  5. ^ "It may be of interest to note, in view of his exuberant vigor and great powers of endurance, that d'Albert is a strict vegetarian"[157]: 196 
  6. ^ (Original Dutch) "Presentator Babs Assink vraagt vegetariër en dierenvriend 't Hart of het een angstaanjagend beeld is dat wij het varken tot op het bot verslinden." (Translation into English) "Presenter Babs Assink asks vegetarian and animal friend 't Hart whether or not it is a frightening image that we devour our pigs to the bone."[265]
  7. ^ "If the FRS knew Hartley as a friend, he would know him to be a mathematician with a special interest in statistics, an amateur violinist, and a vegetarian who saw animals as bearing a "near relation" to humans."[267]
  8. ^ Traudl Junge, who became Hitler's secretary in December 1942, wrote in her memoirs that he ate only side dishes, always avoiding meat.[288] Likewise, Margot Wölk, who was forced to work as one of Hitler's food tasters at the Wolf's Lair (1941–1944), stated that all the food she tested for Hitler was vegetarian, and she recalled no meat or fish.[289] Léon Degrelle, an acquaintance of Hitler, also recalled "He could not bear to eat meat, because it meant the death of a living creature. He refused to have so much as a rabbit or a trout sacrificed to provide his food. He would allow only eggs on his table, because egg-laying meant that the hen had been spared rather than killed."[citation needed] See also: the Vegetarianism of Adolf Hitler. In 2017 Russia's Federal Security Service granted permission to a team of French scientists to undertake an examination of Hitler's bones. An analysis of the tartar deposits found on the Führer's teeth and dentures found no traces of meat fibre.[290][291]
  9. ^ (Original Dutch) "Zijn gedrevenheid moet, zeggen velen, voortkomen uit religieus besef: de vegetariër Koffeman is net als zijn vrouw belijdend Zevende-dagsadventist, een klein protestants kerkgenootschap."' (Translation into English) "His determination has to, some say, come from religieus belief: the vegetarian Koffeman is just like his wife a practising Seventh-day Adventist, a small protestant denomination."[352]
  10. ^ [1892] "Under Diefenbachs theosophical influence Kupka becomes a strict vegetarian and adopts a regime of daily physical exercises".[364]: 21 
  11. ^ [1894] "Meets Nazarene artist Karl Diefenbach, who advocates man's return to naure. Moves to Diefenbach's home and participates in communal life-style there, which features vegetarian cuisine, outdoor baths, nude exercising, discussions about spiritual issues, music, and painting."[365]: 408 
  12. ^ "True it is that Lamartine ate flesh and fish at one period of his life; but we have the authority of Douglas Jerrold's London Journal for assuring our readers that he is again a vegetarian."[200]: 222 
  13. ^ "Lamartine said that, despite his conventions, in adulthood he conformed to society by eating meat. But contemporaries recall that later in life Lamartine reconverted to vegetarianism after travelling through India, and lived in Paris like a Hindu vegetarian..."[368]: 214 
  14. ^ Jaime de Magalhães Lima (1859–1936) was a Portuguese writer born in Aveiro. He studied Law in the University of Coimbra. He was an admirer of Tolstoy and visited him in Russia. In 1912 he wrote the essay O Vegetarismo e a Moralidade das raças.[410]
  15. ^ "The following season proved a very gloomy one for Mahler. Once more the "city of music" could furnish him no greater material consolation than that of a few piano-pupils. Evenings he would attach himself to a group of young, poverty-stricken Wagnerian enthusiasts and over a cup of coffee help wage the abstract battles of the music-dramatist's political and ethical doctrines. Of these sage utterances one the young musicians adopted unanimously was the proposal to regenerate mankind through strict, vegetarian diet. Perhaps the cost of meat-dishes had as much to do with this resolution as the realization that carnivorous humanity was going to the dogs. [...] Although two years had passed since those unforgettable meatless meetings of the young Wagnerians in Vienna, Mahler was in Olmuetz still a vegetarian, claiming bitterly that he went to the restaurant to starve."[411]: Chapter III 
  16. ^ "Keussler is also already here. A splendid fellow. After the Saturday evening rehearsal I'll be joining him for a vegetarian meal. (10 September 1908)";: 254  "I'll presumably have to assume the role of 'the flesh pots in the land of Egypt'. Ouch! What a metaphor for a husband with vegetarian inclinations! (June 1909).": 272 [412]
  17. ^ 'O consumo de animais é supérfluo, não há razão para continuar a comê-los quando é tão fácil ser vegetariano', comentou Desidério Murcho, filósofo e vegetariano convicto ['The consumption of animals is unnecessary, there is no reason to continue to eat them when it is so easy to be vegetarian,' said Desiderio Murch, philosopher and vegetarian].[476]
  18. ^ (Original Dutch) "De koeien waren moe en zwak, maar werden toch de vrachtwagens ingeschopt en geslagen. Toen heb ik besloten daar niet mee aan mee te werken en vegetariër te worden." (Translation into English) "The cows were tired and weak and were brutally thrown into the trucks. At that point I decided to become a vegetarian and stop supporting this."[513]
  19. ^ "Plotinus came from somewhere in Egypt and lived a frugal life. He was celibate and vegetarian and took little in the way of food, drink and sleep."[527]
  20. ^ "Outro autor muito afamado de nossos dias, Raynal, era igualmente sóbrio. A senhora Marquesa de Alorna, que muitas vezes o teve a jantar, me contou, que nunca o vira comer mais que algumas poucas ervas e fruta, nem beber senão água."[546]: 281–282 
  21. ^ (Original Dutch) "Of vlees-vrije stijlvolle godinnen als Marly van der Velden, Alyssa Milano, Isa Hoes, Jorinde Moll, Loretta Schrijver [..]" (Translation into English) "Or meat free stylish goddesses like Marly van der Velden, Alyssa Milano, Isa Hoes, Jorinde Moll, Loretta Schrijver [..]"[582]
  22. ^ "Sextius thought, that there was food enough for man in the world without shedding blood; and that the taking pleasure in butchering helpless animals, only inspired men with cruelty."[592]
  23. ^ (Original Dutch) "Of ik zelf ook vegetariër ben? [..] Zelf heb ik dat vlees echter niet meer nodig. Bovendien wil ik graag advocaat voor de dieren zijn en u snapt dat ik dan liever niet mijn eigenklanten opeet." (Translation into English) "Whether or not I am a vegetarian myself? [..] I do not to eat meat anymore. In fact, I want to defend the rights of animals (as a lawyer) and I guess you understand I would rather not eat my own clients"[645]
  24. ^ "Repin's contemporary the prominent sculptor Paolo Trubetskoi was also sympathetic to theosophical ideas and was a vegetarian and confirmed antivivisectionist".[652]
  25. ^ (Original Dutch) V: "Waarom ben je vegetariër?" A: "'Ik vind het onzin om vlees te eten terwijl er tegenwoordig genoeg vleesvervangers zijn. Vlees eten is ontzettend zielig voor de diertjes. Ik ben dus zeker al twee jaar vegetariër." (Translation into English) Q: "Why are you a vegetarian?" A: "I think there is no sense in eating meat since there are loads of alternatives available. Eating meat, it's so sad for those poor animals. So I have been a vegetarian for at least two years."[665]
  26. ^ "[..] or Zara Whites, a former Dutch porn actress. The militant vegetarian made a half-naked appearance at the last 'Salon International de l'Agriculture'"[..][686]
  27. ^ He (Wright) did not smoke or eat meat, rarely drank alcohol, and exercised with a rare determination".[698]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Berry, Rynn (1993). Famous vegetarians & their favorite recipes : lives & lore from Buddha to Beatles. New York: Pythagorean Publishers. ISBN 9780962616914.
  2. ^ Puskar-Pasewicz, Margaret, ed. (2010). "Vegetarians and vegans, noted". Cultural encyclopedia of vegetarianism. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood. ISBN 978-0313375569.
  3. ^ Wolfe, Frankie Avalon (2000). The complete idiot's guide to being vegetarian (2nd ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Alpha Books. p. 25. ISBN 9780786534494.
  4. ^ "8 of History's Most Famous Vegetarians". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  5. ^ a b Murphy, Danny (3 February 2016). "Diversifying Metal With Lamb of God". vegasseven.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  6. ^ Arioch, David (15 January 2017). "Agathocles: "Por que matar animais quando há muitas alternativas de comida saudável ao seu redor?". DavidArioch.com (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Schwartz, R. H., 2001. Judaism and Vegetarianism. New revised edition. Lantern Books.
  8. ^ The Extra Stuff (13 April 2010). "Everything You Wanted to Know about 'Glee'!". Warner Bros. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
  9. ^ Dianna Agron profile, Marie Claire UK. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Iacobbo & Iacobbo, 2004. Vegetarian America: A History, Praeger.
  11. ^ Akasha Richmond, Hollywood Dish: More Than 150 Delicious, Healthy Recipes from Hollywood's Chef to the Stars, Avery Publishing Group, 2006 p. 114.
  12. ^ LIFE – Vol.24, N.º 19, 10 Mai 1948, p. 132.
  13. ^ William Alcott, The Vegetable Diet As Sanctioned by Medical Men and By Experience in All Ages, New York, 1859.
  14. ^ Altman, Sam (10 April 2018). "Productivity". Sam Altman. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  15. ^ "Fireside Chat with Sam Altman". Rescale. 24 February 2020. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
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