Names of European cities in different languages (C–D)

From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia

The names used for some major European cities differ in different European and sometimes non-European languages. In some countries where there are two or more languages spoken, such as Belgium or Switzerland, dual forms may be used within the city itself, for example on signage. This is also the case in Ireland, despite a low level of actual usage of the Irish language. In other cases where a regional language is officially recognised, that form of the name may be used in the region, but not nationally. Examples include the Welsh language in Wales in the United Kingdom, and parts of Italy and Spain.

There is a slow trend to return to the local name, which has been going on for a long time.[citation needed] In English Livorno is now used, the old English form of Leghorn having become antiquated at least a century ago. In some cases, such as the replacement of Danzig with Gdansk, the official name has been changed more recently. Since 1995, the government of Ukraine has encouraged the use of Kyiv rather than Kiev.[1]

C[edit]

English name Other names or former names
Spain Cádiz al-Qādis – قادس (Arabic*), Cadice (Italian*), Cadis (Catalan*, Valencian), Cádis (Portuguese*), Cadix (French*), Cadiz (German*, Romanian*), Cádiz (Spanish*), GádeiraΓάδειρα (Ancient Greek*), Gadir – גדר (Phoenician*), GēdeiraΓήδειρα (Ionian Greek*), Jiādesī – 加的斯 (Chinese*), Kadij – কাডিজ (Bengali*), KadisКадис (Russian*), Kadiseu / K'adisŭ – 카디스 (Korean*), Kadisu – カディス (Japanese*), Kadiz (Albanian, Basque*, Ladino*, Maltese), KadizКадиз (Serbian*), Kadizo (Esperanto*), Kadyks (Polish*), Gàdé'ěr - 噶德尔 (Mandarin)
Italy Cagliari Cagliari (Dutch*, Italian*, Finnish*, Spanish*, Romanian*), Càller (Aragonese*, Catalan*), Caralis (Latin*), Casteddu (Sardinian*), Kagliari (Ladino*), Kaljari (Albanian, Maltese), KaljariКаљари (Serbian*)
Spain Calahorra Calagorra (Aragonese*), Calagurris (Latin*), Calahorra (Dutch*, French*, Spanish*), KalaoraКалаора (Serbian*)
France Calais Kalē (Latvian*), KaleКале (Serbian*), Kales (Dutch alternate*)
France Cambrai Camaracum (Latin*), Cambrai (French*, German*), Cambraia (Portuguese), Camerick or Camericke (historical English*), KambreКамбре (Serbian*), Kambryk or Kamerich (former German*), Kamerijk (Dutch*), Kimbré (Picard*)
United KingdomEngland Cambridge (England) Caergrawnt (Welsh*), Cantabrigia (Latin*), Cantabrígia or Cambrígia (Portuguese, rare*), Duroliponte or Durolipons (Roman Latin*), Jiān qiáo – 劍橋 (Chinese*), Kāngqiáo – 康橋 (former Chinese[2]), Kantavrigía – Κανταβριγία (Greek Katharevousa), Kéimbridz – Κέιμπριτζ (Greek*), Keimbeuriji / K'eimbŭriji – 케임브리지 (Korean), KembridžКембриџ (Serbian*), Kembridža (Latvian*), Kembridžas (Lithuanian*), Kembriĝo (Esperanto*), Kemburijji – ケンブリッジ (Japanese*), Kergront (Cornish), Keymbrige – קיימברידג (Hebrew*)
Romania Câmpulung Moldovenesc Câmpulung Moldovenesc (Romanian*), DovhopilljaДовгопілля (Ukrainian), Hosszúmező (Hungarian*), Kimpulung MoldovaneskКимпулунг Молдованеск (Serbian*)
United KingdomEngland Canterbury Caer-Cant (Saxon), Caergaint (Welsh*), Cantorbéry (French*), Cantuaria (medieval Latin*), Cantuária (Portuguese*), Durovernum Cantiacorum (Roman Latin*), Kaenteoberi / K'aent'ŏberi – 캔터베리 (Korean), Kantaraborg (Icelandic*), Kǎntèbèiléi – 坎特貝雷 (Chinese*), KenterberiКентербери (Serbian), Kenterberija (Latvian*), Kantelberg (Dutch*), Kergent (Cornish)
France Carcassonne Carcassona (Catalan*, Italian*, Occitan*, Portuguese*), Carcasona (Spanish*), Carcassonne (Finnish*, French*), Julia Carcaso or Carcaso (Latin*), KarkasonКаркасон (Serbian*)
United KingdomWales Cardiff Caerdydd (Welsh*, Irish*, Scottish Gaelic), Cardife or Cardívio (Portuguese, rare*), Kādifu – カーディフ (Japanese*), Kadipeu / K'adip'ŭ – 카디프 (Korean), KardifКардиф (Serbian*), Kārdifa (Latvian*), Kardip (Tagalog*), Ovicubium (Vulgar Latin*)
United KingdomEngland Carlisle Caerliwelydd (Welsh*), Cathair Luail (Irish, Scottish Gaelic*), KarlajlКарлајл (Serbian), Luguvalium (Latin), Lùgǔwǎlì - 鹿古瓦利 (Mandarin)
Czech Republic Carlsbad Karlovi Vari (Bulgarian*, Croatian*, Romanian*), Karlove VariКарлове Вари (Serbian*), Karlovy Vary (Czech*, Turkish*), Karlowe Wary (Polish*), Karlsbad (Dutch*, German*, Swedish*), Karlsbāde (Latvian*), Károlyfürdő (Hungarian)
United KingdomWales Carmarthen Caerfyrddin (Welsh), Carmarthen (English), Moridunum (Latin)
Spain Cartagena (Spain) al-Qartājanna (Arabic), Cartagena (Catalan*, Dutch*, Portuguese*, Spanish*), Cartagina (Romanian*), Carthagène (French*), Carthago Nova (Latin*), Kartagina (Polish*), Kartaġni (Maltese), KartahenaКартахена (Serbian*), Kartaxena (Azeri*), KarthayéniΚαρθαγένη (Greek*), QRT𐤟ḤDŠT - 𐤒𐤓𐤕𐤟𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (Phoenician/Punic), Xīn Jiātàijī - 新迦太基 (Mandarin)
Italy Castelsardo Calteddu* or Caltheddu Saldhu (local dialect), Caltheddu (Corsican), Castheddu Sardhu (Sassarese*), Casteddu Sardu (Sardinian*), Castel Aragonés (former Catalan, 1448–1767*), Castelgenovese (former Italian, 1102–1448*), Castelsardo (Italian*), Castillo Aragonés (former Spanish, 1448–1767*), Castrum Aragonense or Castrum Aragoniense (Latin, since 1448*), Castrum Ianuae or Castrum Ianuense (older Latin, 1102–1448), Emporiae (older Latin*),

KastelsardoКастелсардо (Serbian), Yànwéibǎo - 燕维堡/燕維堡 (Mandarin)

Italy Catania Catane (French*), Catânia (Portuguese*), Katanja (Maltese*) Katanya (Turkish*), KatániaΚατάνια (Greek*)
Slovenia Celje Celeia (Latin*), CeljeЦеље (Serbian*), Celje (Slovene*), Cille (Hungarian*), Cilli (older English*, German*), Kelea (Celtic)
Czech Republic České Budějovice Budweis (Dutch*, former English*, German*), České Budějovice (Czech*, Slovak*), Češke BudjejoviceЧешке Будјејовице (Serbian*), Cheseuki Budeyobiche / Ch'esŭk'i Pudeyobich'e – 체스키 부데요비체 (Korean), Ches'ke-BudejovyceЧеське-Будєйовіце (Ukrainian), Czeskie Budziejowice (Polish*)
Czech Republic Český Těšín Český Těšín (Czech*), Češki TješinЧешки Тјешин (Serbian*), Ches'ky-TeshynЧеські-Тешин (Ukrainian), Czeski Cieszyn (Polish*), Tschechisch-Teschen (German*)
Latvia Cēsis Cesis – Цэсіс (Belarusian*), Cēsis (Latvian*),[KNAB], Cesis – Цесис (Serbian*) Cėsys (Lithuanian),[KNAB] Kes – Кесь (archaic Russian*), Kėsys (archaic Lithuanian),[KNAB] Kieś (Polish*),[KNAB] TsesisЦесис (Russian*),[KNAB] TsesisЦесіс (Ukrainian*), Wenden (German*),[KNAB] Venden (Livonian), Venden – Венденъ (archaic Russian),[KNAB] Venden – Венден (archaic Ukrainian), Võnnu (Estonian*)[KNAB]
Montenegro Cetinje Cettigne (Italian*), Çetince (Turkish), CetinjeЦетиње (Serbian*), Cetinje (Slovene), Cetynia (Polish*), KetígniΚετίγνη (Greek*)
Greece Chalkida (Greece) Cálcis or Cálcida (Portuguese*), Calcide (Italian*), Chalkida (German*), ChalkídaΧαλκίδα (Modern Greek*), Chalcis (French*, Latin*), Chalkis (older German*), ChalkísΧαλκίς (Ancient Greek, Greek Katharevousa*), HalkidaХалкида (Serbian*), Khalkis (Finnish), Negroponte (medieval Italian)
France Chambéry Chamberí (old Spanish), Chambéry (Dutch, French, German), Sciamberì (old Italian), ŠamberiШамбери (Serbian*)
Greece Chania ChaniáΧανιά (Greek*), Hania (Finnish*, Romanian*), HanjaХања (Serbian*), Hanya (Turkish), Kudonija - 𐀓𐀈𐀛𐀊 (Mycenaean Greek), Kydonia - Κυδωνία (Ancient Greek), La Canea (Catalan*, Italian*, Spanish*), La Canée (French*),
Belgium Charleroi Charleroi (Dutch*, Finnish*, French*, German, Romanian*), Châlerwè (alternative Walloon), Karelskoning (alternative Dutch), Karloreĝo (Esperanto*), Karolingen (former German), Šarleruā (Latvian*), ŠarlroaШарлроа (Serbian*), Sharleroah – שרלרואה (Hebrew*), Sharururowa – シャルルロワ (Japanese*), Tchålerwè (Walloon*)
Czech Republic Cheb Cheb (Czech*), Eger (German*), HebХеб (Serbian*)
Poland Chełmno Chełmno (Polish*), Culm (variant in German*), Helmno (Latvian*), HelmnoХелмно (Serbian*), KhelmnoХелмно (Russian*, Ukrainian*), Kulm (German*), Kulmas (Lithuanian*)
Germany Chemnitz Chemnitz (German*, Finnish*, Romanian*), Chemnicium (Latin*), Kamienica Saska (Polish, historical, obsolete*), Kamjenica (Sorbian), KemnicКемниц (Serbian*), Saská Kamenice (Czech, old*), Karl-Marx-Stadt (German, 1953–1990*)
Ukraine Chernihiv ChernigovЧернигов (Russian*), ČernigovЧернигов (Serbian*), ChernihivЧернігів (Ukrainian*), Czernihów (Polish), Tschernigow (obsolete German*), Tschernihiw (German*), Tšernihiv (Finnish)
Ukraine Chernivtsi ČarnaŭcyЧарнаўцы (Belarusian*), Cernăuţi (Romanian*), ČernivciЧернивци (Serbian*), Černovice (Czech*, Slovak*), ChernivtsiЧернівці (Ukrainian*), ChernovitsyЧерновицы (Russian, before 1944*), ChernovtsiЧерновци (Bulgarian*), ChernovtsyЧерновцы (Russian*), Csernivci or Csernovic (Hungarian variants), Csernyivci (Hungarian*), Czerniowce (Polish*), Czernovicensia (Ecclesiastical Latin), Czernowitz (German*), Tchernivtsi (French*), Tjernivtsi (Swedish*), Tschernowitz (German variant*), Tšernivtsi (Finnish), Tshernovits – טשערנאָוויץ (Yiddish*), Tsjernivtsi (Norwegian [Nynorsk* and Bokmål*]), Chernovitz – צ'רנוביץ (Hebrew*)
Ukraine Chernobyl Cernobâl (Romanian variant*), Çernobıl (Azeri*), Çernobil (Turkish*), Cernobil, Černobyl'* or Čornobyl' (Italian), Cernobîl (Romanian*), Černobil (Slovene*), ČernobiljЧернобиљ (Serbian*), Černobyl (Czech*), Černobyľ (Slovak*), Chernobil or Chernóbil (Portuguese variants*), ChernobylЧернобыль (Russian*), Cherunobuiri – チェルノブイリ (Japanese*), Choreunobil / Ch'orŭnobil – 초르노빌 (Korean), ChornobylЧорнобиль (Ukrainian*), Csernobil (Hungarian*), Czarnobyl (Polish*), Qièěrnuòpéiěr – 切爾諾貝爾 (Chinese*), Searnóbail (Irish), Tchernobil or Tchernóbil (Portuguese variants*), Tchernobyl (French*), Tjernobyl (Swedish*), Tschernobyl or Tschornobyl (German*), Tšernobyl (Finnish), Tšernobõl (Estonian*)
Russia Chernyakhovsk Černiachovskas (Lithuanian*), Cernihovsk (Romanian*), ČernjahovskЧерњаховск (Serbian), Chernyakhovsk (Russian*), Insterburg (German*), Įsrutis (Lithuanian*), Tšernjahovsk (Finnish), Wystruć (Polish*)
United KingdomEngland Chester Caerllion-ar-Dyfrdwy usually abbreviated to Caer, Historically also known as Deverdoeu (Welsh*), Castra Devana or Deva (Latin*), ČesterЧестер (Serbian)
Italy Chiusi Camars (Umbrian) Chiusi (Italian), Clevsin (Etruscan), Clusium (Latin), Klysion - Κλύσιον (Ancient Greek)
Moldova Chișinău Chișinău (Catalan*, Finnish*, French*, German*, Portuguese*, Romanian*), Chisinau (Dutch*, Finnish variant*, Portuguese variant*, Spanish*), Císineá (Irish), Keshenev – קעשענעװ (Yiddish*), Kichinev (French variant*), Kischinau (German variant*), Kischinew (German variant*), Kishinau – キシナウ (Japanese*), Kishinev (former English*), Kishinev – קישינב (Hebrew*), KishinjovКишинёв (Russian*), Kīšīnāw (Arabic), Kišineu (Bulgarian), Kišiněv (Czech*), Kişinev (Turkish*), Kišiņeva (Latvian*), Kišiniovas (Lithuanian*), Kišinjev (Bosnian*, Croatian*, Finnish alternate, Slovene*), KišinjevКишињев (Serbian*), Kišiňov (Slovak*), Kişinyov (Azeri), Kisinyov (Hungarian*), Kisjenő (older Hungarian*), KisnóvioΚισνόβιο (Greek), Kiszyniów (Polish*), KyshynivКишинів (Ukrainian*), Quichinau or Quixinau (Portuguese variants*), Quixineve (Portuguese, obsolete*)
Poland Chorzów Chorzów (Polish*), Hojūfu – ホジューフ (Japanese*), HožaŭГожаў (Belarusian*), HožovХожов (Serbian), KhozhivХожів (Ukrainian*), KhozhuvХожув (Russian*), Königshütte (German*), Chořov (Czech *), Królewska Huta (Polish, until 1934*)
Switzerland Chur Chur (Dutch, German), Coira (Italian*), Coire (French*), Cuira (Romansh*), Curia Raetorum (Latin*), HurХур (Serbian*)
Slovakia Čierna nad Tisou Čierna nad Tisou (Slovak*), Chierna-nad-TisoyuЧєрна-над-Тісою (Ukrainian*), Čjerna na TisiЧјерна на Тиси (Serbian), Czerna nad Cisą (Polish*) Tiszacsernyő (Hungarian)
Poland Cieszyn Cieszyn (Polish*), Teschen (Dutch*, German*), Těšín (Czech*), Tešín (Slovak*), Tessium (Latin*), TješinТјешин (Serbian), TseshinЦешин (Russian*, Ukrainian*)
France Clermont-Ferrand Augustonemetum (Latin*), Clarmont (Occitan*), Clermonte (Spanish*), Klermon FeranКлермон Феран (Serbian*)
Germany Cleves Cléveris (Spanish*), Clèves (French*), Cleves (Portuguese*), Clivia (Latin), Kleef (Dutch*), Kleve (German*), KleveКлеве (Serbian)
Romania Cluj-Napoca Claudiopolis (Ecclesiastical Latin*), Cluj (French*, Romanian*,informal), Cluj-Napoca (Dutch*, formal Romanian*), Kaloşvar (Turkish*), Klausenburg (German*), Kluž (Czech*, Slovak*), Kluż (Polish*), Kluž-NapokaКлуж-Напока (Serbian*), Kolozsvár (Hungarian*), Keullujinapoka / K'ŭllujinap'ok'a – 클루지나포카 (Korean*), Napoca (Classical Latin*)
Republic of Ireland Cobh An Cóbh (Irish*), KovКов (Serbian), Queenstown or Cove (former English*)
Germany Coblenz Coblença (Portuguese*), Coblence (French*), Coblenza (Italian*, Spanish*), Confluentes (Latin*), KoblencКобленц (Serbian*), Koblencja (Polish*), Koblenz (Dutch*, Finnish*, German*, Romanian*, Slovene*), Koblenza (Maltese*), Kueblenz (Luxembourgish*)
Germany Coburg Cobourg (French*), Coburg (Dutch*, German*), Coburgo (Italian*, Portuguese*, Spanish), KoburgКобург (Serbian), KovoúrgonΚοβούργον (Greek Katharevousa*)
Portugal Coimbra Coimbra (Finnish*, Italian*, Portuguese*, Romanian*, Spanish*), Coïmbra (Catalan*) Coimbre (French*), Conimbriga (Latin*), Koimbeura / K'oimbŭra – 코임브라 (Korean), KoimbraКоимбра (Serbian*), Qulumriya (Arabic)
United KingdomEngland Colchester Camulodunum (Latin*), Camulodunon (British), KolčesterКолчестер (Serbian)
Germany Cologne Cöln (older German variant*), Cologne (French*), Colònia (Catalan*), Colonia (Italian*, Spanish*), Colónia (Portuguese*), Cołonia (Venetian*), Colonia Agrippina (Latin*), Cwlen (Welsh*), Keln – קלן (Hebrew*), KelnКелн (Macedonian*, Serbian*), Kel'nКельн (Ukrainian*), Keln – קעלן (Yiddish*), Kelnas (Lithuanian*), Ķelne (Latvian*), Kèlóng 科隆 (Chinese*), Kerun – ケルン (Japanese*), Keulen (Afrikaans*, Dutch*, West Frisian*), Kjol'nКёльн (Russian*), Koelleun / K'oellŭn – 쾰른 (Korean*), Kolín nad Rýnem (Czech*), Kolín nad Rýnom (Slovak*), Kölle (Cologne Ripuarian dialect*, Köln (Azeri*, Estonian*, Finnish*, German*, Hungarian*, Icelandic*, Romanian*, Swedish*, Turkish*), K'olnКьолн (Bulgarian*), Kolon – कोलोन (Marathi*), Kolon – โคโลญ (Thai*), Kolonia (Basque*, Polish*), KoloníaΚολωνία (Greek*), Kolonja (Maltese), Kūlūniya – كولوني (Arabic*), Køln (Danish*, Norwegian*)
Romania Comănești Comăneşti (Romanian*), KomaneštiКоманешти (Serbian*), Kománfalva (Hungarian*)
Italy Como Côme (French*), Comum or Novum Comum (Latin*), Cum (Romansh), KomoКомо (Serbian*)
Romania Constanța Constança (Brazilian Portuguese*), Constanța (Finnish*, Romanian*), Konstanz or Konstanza (German*), KanstancaКанстанца (Belarusian*), Konstanca (Hungarian*, Polish*, Slovak*), KonstancaКонстанца (Russian*, Serbian*, Ukrainian*), Köstence (Turkish*), KyustendzhaКюстенджа (Bulgarian*), Tomis (Latin*)
Denmark Copenhagen Beirbh (Scottish Gaelic, obsolete), Cóbanhávan (Irish*), Copenaghen (Italian*), Copenhaga (Portuguese*, Romanian*), Copenhague (Brazilian Portuguese*, Catalan*, French*, Spanish*), Gēběnhāgēn – 哥本哈根 (Chinese*), Hafnia (Latin*), Kaufmannshafen (old German*), Kaupmannahöfn (Icelandic*), Keappenhaven (alternate West Frisian*), Keypmannahavn (Faroese*), Kobenhaven (Slovene*), København (Danish*, Norwegian*), Kodaň (Czech*, Slovak*), Kööpenhamina (Finnish*), KopencháyiΚοπεγχάγη (Greek*), Kopengagen (Russian*), Kopenhaagen (Estonian*), Kopenhag (Turkish*), Kopenhaga (Lithuanian*, Polish *), Kopenhagë (Albanian*), Kopenhagen (Azeri*, Croatian*, Dutch*, German*), KopenhagenКопенхаген or Kupimore – Купиморе (Bulgarian*, Serbian*), Kopenhagen – קופנהגן (Hebrew*), Kopenhāgen – コペンハーゲン (Japanese*), Kopenhagen / K'op'enhagen – 코펜하겐 (Korean), Kopenħagen (Maltese), Kopenhāgena (Latvian*), Kopenhago (Esperanto*), Köpenhamn (Swedish*), Koppenhága (Hungarian*), Kūbinhāġin (Arabic*)
Spain Cordova Cordoba (Dutch*, German*, Romanian*), Córdoba (Spanish*, Finnish*), Corduba (Latin*), Cordoue (French*), Còrdova (Catalan*), Cordova (English, Interlingua, Italian*, former Romanian*), Córdova (Portuguese*), KordhoúiΚορδούη (Greek Katharevousa*), KórdhovaΚόρδοβα (Demotic Greek*), Kordoba – קורדובה (Hebrew*), KordobaКордоба (Serbian*), Kordoba (Slovene*), Kordova or Qurtuba (Azeri*), Kordova (Latvian*, Ladino *), Kordowa (Polish*), Ladino alternate), Koreudoba / K'orŭdoba – 코르도바 (Korean), Korudoba – コルドバ (Japanese*), Qurtubah (Arabic)
Greece Corfu Corcira or Corfu (Portuguese*, Romanian*), Corcyra (Latin*), Corcyre (French alternate under Napoleonic rule*), Corfou (French*), Corfù (Italian*), Corfú (Catalan*, Irish, Spanish*), KérkiraΚέρκυρα (Greek*), KerkiraКеркира (Russian*), Koreupu / Korŭp'u – 코르푸 (Korean), Korfoe or Corfu (Dutch*), Korfu (Finnish*, German*, Hungarian*, Ladino, Polish*, Slovak*, Swedish*, Turkish*), KorfuКорфу (Bulgarian*), Korfù (Maltese), Krf (Croatian*, Slovene*), KrfКрф (Macedonian*, Serbian*), Korfuz (Albanian*)
Greece Corinth Corint (Catalan*, Romanian*), Corinthe (French*), Corinthus (Latin*), Corintus (Scottish Gaelic, archaic), Corinto (Italian*, Portuguese*, Spanish*), KarynfКарынф (Belarusian*), Korinf (Azeri*), KorinfКоринф (Russian*, Ukrainian*), KorintКоринт (Bulgarian*, Serbian*), Korint (Croatian*, Czech*, Slovak*, Slovene*, Turkish*), Kórinta (Icelandic*), Korinta (Latvian*), Korintas (Lithuanian*), Korinth (Danish*, German*, Swedish*), Korinthe (Dutch*), KórinthosΚόρινθος (Greek*), Korintosz (Hungarian*), Korintti (Finnish*), Korintu (Maltese), Korynt (Polish*)
Republic of Ireland Cork Corc (Welsh*), Corcagia (Latin*), Corcaigh (Irish, Scottish Gaelic*), Cork (Danish*, Dutch*, German*, Italian*, Spanish*, Swedish*), Koreukeu / K'orŭk'ŭ – 코르크 (Korean), Kork (Azeri*), KorkКорк (Serbian*), Korka (Latvian*), Kuò'ěrkǎihè - 阔尔凯赫 (Mandarin)
France Corte Corte (Dutch*, German*, French*, Italian*), Corti (Corsican*), KorteКорте (Serbian)
Italy Cortona Cortona (Latin, Italian), Curtun - 𐌂𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌖𐌍 (Etruscan)
Spain Corunna A Coruña (Galician*), La Coruña (Spanish*, Dutch*, Finnish*), Corùna (Scottish Gaelic), Corunha (Portuguese*), KorunjaКоруња (Serbian*), La Corogne (French*), La Coruna (Romanian*), Lakoruņa (Latvian*), La Korunya (Ladino*), Rakorūnya – ラ・コルーニャ (Japanese*)
Germany Cottbus Chociebuż (Polish*), Chóśebuz (Sorbian), Chotěbuz (Czech*), Chotebuz (archaic Slovak*), Cottbus (German*), KotbusКотбус (Serbian*), Kottbus (archaic German*)
France Crécy Crécy-en-Ponthieu (French*), Kresčak (Czech*, archaic Slovak*), Kresi an PontjeКреси ан Понтје (Serbian*)
Italy Cuneo Coni (French*, Occitan*, Piedmontese*), Cuneum (Latin*), KuneoКунео (Serbian*)

D[edit]

English name Other names or former names
Latvia Daugavpils BorisoglebskБорисоглебск (Russian, 1656–1667),[KNAB] Daugavpils (Estonian*, Finnish*, Latvian*, Romanian*), DaugavpilsДаугавпилс (Russian*,[KNAB] Serbian*), Daugawpils (Afrikaans alternative*), Daŭgaŭpils – Даўгаўпілс (Belarusian*), Daugpėlis (Samogitian*), Daugpilis (Lithuanian*),[KNAB] Daugpiļs (Latgalian), Denenburg – דענענבורג (Yiddish*), Dinaburg (Livonian, 1275–1893), Dünaburg (former Estonian*, German*),[KNAB] Dunaburgum, Duna urbs or Duneburgum (Latin),[3][4][5] Duneborch (Low German),[6] Dvinohrad (Czech alternative),[KNAB] Dvinsk – דוינסק (Hebrew*), DvinskДвинcк (archaic Russian*),[KNAB] Dynaburg (archaic Swedish),[KNAB] Dynaburg – Дынабург (archaic Belarusian, archaic Taraškievica Belarusian), Dyneburg (Polish*),[KNAB] Dzvinsk – Дзвінск (Belarusian), DźvinskДзьвінск (Taraškievica Belarusian*), Dźwińsk or Dźwinów (archaic Polish variants*), Väinalinn (archaic Estonian variant),[KNAB] Väinänlinna (Finnish alternative*)[KNAB]
Romania Dărmănești Dărmănești (Romanian*), DarmaneštiДарманешти (Serbian), Dermenešt' – Дерменешть (Ukrainian*), Dormánfalva (Hungarian*)
Switzerland Davos Dabosu – ダボス (Japanese*), Davos (German*), DavosДавос (Russian*, Serbian*), DavósΝταβός (Greek*), Dá wò sī – 達沃斯 (Chinese*), Tafaat (local Romansh dialect), Tavate (Italian, rarely*), Tavau (Romansh*)
Hungary Debrecen Debeurechen / Tebŭrech'en – 데브레첸 (Korean*), Debrecen (Hungarian*, Finnish*), Debrecin (Bosnian*, Croatian*), DebrecinДeбрецин (Serbian*), Debrecín (Slovak*, Czech*), Debrețin (Romanian*), DébretsenΝτέμπρετσεν (Greek*), DebretsinДeбрецин (Russian*), Debreczyn (Polish*), Debretzyn – דעברעצין (Yiddish*), Debrezin (German*), Debrezun (old Hungarian, 13th century)
Netherlands Den Bosch Bois-le-Duc (French*), Bolduque (Spanish*), Boscoducale (Italian*), De Bosk (West Frisian*), Den Bosch or 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch*), HertogenbosХертогенбос (Serbian*), Herzogenbusch (German*), Oeteldonk (Brabantian, used during Carnival]*)
Netherlands Den Helder De Helder (West Frisian*), Den HalderДен Халдер (Serbian), Den Helder (Dutch*, German*), Le Helder (French*), Nieuwediep (West Frisian dialect)
United KingdomNorthern Ireland Derry DeriДери (Serbian), Derio (Esperanto), Derrie or Lunnonderrie (Ulster Scots), Doire or Doire Chaluim Chille (Scottish Gaelic*), Doire or Doire Cholm Cille (Irish), Londonderry (official English)
France Dijon Castrum Divionense or Diviodunum (Latin*), Digione (Italian*), Dijon (Azeri*, Finnish*, French*, Romanian*), Dijon – דיז'ון (Hebrew*), Dijong / Tijong – 디종 (Korean), DižonДижон (Serbian*), Dižona (Latvian*)
Czech Republic Domažlice Domažlice (Czech*), Taus (German*)
Italy Domodossola Dòm (Lombard), Domodossola (Esperanto, Italian, Venetian), Oscela Lepontiorum (Latin), Uscla (Etruscan)
Ukraine/Donetsk People's Republic Donetsk AleksandrovkaАлександровка (former Russian, until 1869), Danietsk (Russian*), Doněck (Czech*), Doneck (Slovak*), Doņecka (Latvian*), Doneţk (Romanian*), Donetsiku – ドネツィク (Japanese*), Donetsk (Azeri*, Finnish*), Donetsk – Донецьк (Ukrainian*), Donetskas (Lithuanian*), Donezk (German*), Donieck (Polish*), Donjeck (Serbian*), Donyeck (Hungarian*), Hughesovka / YuzovkaЮзовка (Russian, 1869–1923*), Jousofka (French, 1869–1923*), Trotsk - Тротск (Russian, 1923), StalinСталин (former Russian, 1924–1929*), StalinoСталино (former Russian, 1929–1961*), YuzivkaЮ́зівка (Ukrainian, 1869–1924*)
France Douai Douai (French), Douay (former French), Dowaai (Dutch), Doway (former English), Duacum (Latin), Duagio (old Italian)
United KingdomIsle of Man Douglas Doolish (Manx*), Douglas (English), Dùghlais (Scottish Gaelic), Dúglas (Irish)
United KingdomEngland Dover Dōbā – ドーバー (Japanese*), Dobeo / Tobŏ – 도버 (Korean), Douvres (French*), Dover (Dutch, Finnish*, German, Hungarian*, Italian, Romanian*, Spanish), Dover – דובר (Hebrew*), Dôver (Portuguese*), Doveris (Lithuanian*), Dubris (Latin*), Duvra (Latvian*), Dúvres (former Spanish)
Germany Dresden Délěisīdùn – 德累斯顿 (Chinese*), Deureseuden / Tŭresŭden – 드레스덴 (Korean*), Doresuden – ドレスデン (Japanese*), Drážďany (Czech*, Slovak*), Dresda (Italian*, variant in Portuguese*, Romanian*), Dresde (French*, Spanish*), Dresden (Dutch*, Finnish*, German*, Portuguese*, Swedish*, Turkish*), DrésdiΔρέσδη (Greek*), Drezda (Hungarian*), Drezden (Azeri*), DrezdenДрезден (Bulgarian*, Russian*, Serbian*), Drezden – דרזדן (Hebrew*), Drezdenas (Lithuanian*), Drēzdene (Latvian*), Drezno (Polish*), Drježdźany (Lower Sorbian)
Romania Drobeta-Turnu Severin Drobeta-Turnu Severin (official Romanian*), Drobetae (Latin), Severin (Romanian, informal*), Szörényvár (Hungarian*), Turnu Severin (former Romanian*)
Poland Drohiczyn DarahičynДарагічын (Belarusian*), Dorohochyn (Ukrainian*), Drohičinas (Lithuanian*), Drohiczyn (Polish*)
Ukraine Drohobych Drogobâci (Romanian*), Drogobych -Дрогобыч (Russian*), DrohobychДрогобич (Ukrainian*), Drohobycz (Polish*), Drohobytsch (German*), Drubitsh – דראָהאָביטש (Yiddish*)
Republic of Ireland Dublin Áth Cliath (Irish short form), Baile Átha Cliath (Irish*), Baile Àth Cliath (Scottish Gaelic*), Dablin (Arabic, Serbian*), Dablin – דבלין (Hebrew*), Daburin – ダブリン (Japanese*), Deobeullin / Tŏbŭllin – 더블린 (Korean), Difelin (Old English*), Dubhlind or Duibhlind (early Classical Irish variants*), Dubhlinn (archaic Irish*), Dublim (Portuguese*), Dublin (Azeri*, Brazilian Portuguese*, Dutch*, French*, Hungarian*, Interlingua, Maltese, Romanian*, Swedish*, Turkish*), Dublín (Catalan*, Finnish*, Spanish*), DublinДублин (Russian*), Duḃlinn, Duiḃlinn or Duibhlinn (historical Irish*), Dublina (Latvian*), Dublinas (Lithuanian*), Dublino (Italian*), Dūbólín – 都柏林 (Chinese*), Dulenn (Breton*), Dulyn (Welsh*), DuvlínoΔουβλίνο (Greek*), Dyvlinarskire (old Swedish*), Dyflin (Old Norse*), Dyflinni (Icelandic*), Divlyn (Manx*)
Croatia Dubrovnik Dubeurobeunikeu / Tubŭrobŭnik'ŭ – 두브로브니크 (Korean), Dubrovnic (Romanian*), Dubrovnik (Albanian*, Azeri*, Croatian*, Dutch*, Finnish*, German*, Portuguese*, Serbian*, Slovene*, Swedish*, Turkish*), Dubrovnik – דוברובניק (Hebrew*), DubrovnikДубровник (Bulgarian *, Serbian *), Dubrovník (Czech*, Slovak*), Dubrovnika (Latvian*), Dubrovnikas (Lithuanian*), Dubrownik (Polish*), RagoúsaΡαγούσα (Greek*), Ragusa (Dalmatian, former English, former German*, Italian*, former Romanian*), Raguse (old French*), Raguza (former Hungarian*, Ottoman Turkish*), Rhagusium (Latin)
Germany Duisburg Dīsburga (Latvian*), Duisbourg (French*), Duisburg (Czech *, Danish*, Dutch *, German*, Italian*, Polish*, Swedish*), Duisburgas (Lithuanian*), Duisburgo (Spanish*, Portuguese*)
Republic of Ireland Dún Laoghaire Dùn Laoghaire (Scottish Gaelic*), Dunleary (anglicised form pre-1821, still reflected in the pronunciation of "Dún Laoghaire" by English-speakers), Kingstown (English, 1821–1921*)
France Dunkirk Dankeruku – ダンケルク (Japanese*), Dinkerk – דנקרק (Hebrew*), Djunkerk – Дюнкерк (Russian*),[KNAB] Doengkeleukeu – 됭케르크 (Korean*), Doncherche (archaic Italian),[7] Donkarkız (Turkish*), DounkérkiΔουνκέρκη (Greek*), Duinkerke (Dutch*),[KNAB]) Duinkerken (Afrikaans*, alternative Dutch),[KNAB] Dukark (Breton*),[KNAB] Dūnkè'ěrkè – 敦克爾克 (Mandarin Chinese*), Dunkèke (Picard*), Dunkerque (French*, Italian*, Romanian*),[KNAB] Dunkierka (Polish*),[KNAB] Dünkirchen (German*),[KNAB] Dunkirk (Hungarian), Dunquerca (Latin*), Dunquèrca (Occitan*), Dunquerque (Portuguese*, Spanish*), Dúntsjerk (West Frisian*), Duunkerke (local Flemish*)
Albania Durrës Dıraç (Turkish*), DirráchioΔυρράχιο (Modern Greek*), Drač (Croatian*, Czech*, Slovene*), DračДрач (Macedonian*, Serbian*), DrachДрач (former Bulgarian*), Duras (former French*), Durazo (Portuguese*), Durazzo (Italian*), Durrës (Albanian*, Romanian*), DurŭsДуръс (Bulgarian*), DyrrhachionΔυρράχιον (Byzantine Greek), Dyrrhachium (Latin*), Epidamnos (Ancient Greek*)
Germany Düsseldorf Diseldorf – דיסלדורף (Hebrew*), DiseldorfДиселдорф (Serbian*), Diseldorfa (Latvian*), DísseldorfΝτίσελντορφ (Greek*), Diuseldorfas (Lithuanian*), Düsseldorf (Azeri*, Brazilian Portuguese*, Estonian*, Finnish*, German*, Hungarian*, Romanian*, Swedish*, Turkish*), Dusseldorf (Italian*), Dusseldórfia (Portuguese*), Dusseldorp (Dutch, antiquated*), Düsseldorp (former local dialect), Dusserudorufu – デュッセルドルフ (Japanese*), Dwiseldoreupeu / Twiseldorŭp'ŭ – 뒤셀도르프 (Korean)

References[edit]

  1. [KNAB] "KNAB, the Place Names Database of EKI". Eki.ee. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
  1. ^ "Kyiv (Kiev) Travel Guide. Kiev?, Kyiv?! Which is right?".
  2. ^ Jian and kang are approximations of the sound Cam, qiao means "bridge".
  3. ^ Johann Jacob Hofmann: Lexicon universale, […]. Jacob Hackius et al., Leiden 1698, s. v. "Duneburgum" (text online).
  4. ^ Johannes Micraelius: Historia politica, […]. Gottfried Liebezeit, Leipzig and Frankfurt 1702, p. 352.
  5. ^ Saxo Grammaticus: Historia Danica, ed. Peter Erasmus Müller. Vol 2. Gyldendal, Copenhagen 1839, p. 1023 (Index II. Nomina locorum).
  6. ^ Hermannus de Wartberge: Chronicon Livoniae, ed. Ernst Strehlke. S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1863, p. 48 et passim.
  7. ^ Istoria del regno di Luigi XIV re di Francia, e di Navarra Vol. 4. Marino Rossetti, Venice 1724, p. 527.