Quaternary carbon
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| quaternary carbon |
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_V1.svg) |
| Structural formula of neopentane (quaternary carbon is highlighted red) |
A quaternary carbon is a carbon atom bound to four other carbon atoms.[1] For this reason, quaternary carbon atoms are found only in hydrocarbons having at least five carbon atoms. Quaternary carbon atoms can occur in branched alkanes, but not in linear alkanes.[2]
| primary carbon | secondary carbon | tertiary carbon | quaternary carbon | |
| General structure (R = Organyl group) |  |  |  |  |
| Partial Structural formula |  |  |  |  |
Synthesis[edit]
The formation of chiral quaternary carbon centers has been a synthetic challenge. Chemists have developed asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions,[3] Heck reaction, Enyne cyclization, cycloaddition reactions,[4] C–H activation, Allylic substitution, [5] Pauson–Khand reaction, [6] etc. to construct asymmetric quaternary carbon atoms.
References[edit]
- ^ Smith, Janice Gorzynski (2011). "Chapter 4 Alkanes". Organic chemistry (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-07-337562-5. Archived from the original (Book) on 2018-06-28. Retrieved 2018-06-26.
- ^ Hans Peter Latscha, Uli Kazmaier, Helmut Alfons Klein (2016), Organische Chemie: Chemie-Basiswissen II (in German) (7. Auflage ed.), Berlin: Springer Spektrum, p. 40, ISBN 978-3-662-46180-8
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Nicolaou, K. C.; Vassilikogiannakis, G.; Mägerlein, W.; Kranich, R Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Volume 2001, Issue 40 , Pages 2482–2486 {{DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010702)40:13<2482::AID-ANIE2482>3.0.CO;2-A}}
- ^ Quasdorf, K.W.; Overman, L. E. Nature Volume 2014, Volume 516, Pages 181 {{doi:10.1038/nature14007}}
- ^ Feng C, Kobayashi Y (2013). "Allylic Substitution for Construction of a Chiral Quaternary Carbon Possessing an Aryl Group". J. Org. Chem. 78 (8): 3755–3766. doi:10.1021/jo400248y. PMID 23496084.
- ^ Ishizaki, M.; Niimi, Y.; Hoshino, O.; Hara, H.; Takahashi, T. Tetrahedron Volume 2001, Issue 61, Pages 4053–4065