Ronald Numbers

Ronald Numbers
Numbers in 2008
Born	(1942-06-03)June 3, 1942
Died	July 24, 2023(2023-07-24) (aged 81)
Nationality	American
Education	Southern Missionary College (BA) Florida State University (MA) University of California, Berkeley (PhD)
Awards	George Sarton Medal
Scientific career
Fields	History of science
Institutions	University of Wisconsin–Madison
Website	Academic homepage

Ronald Leslie Numbers (June 3, 1942 – July 24, 2023) was an American historian of science. He was awarded the 2008 George Sarton Medal by the History of Science Society for "a lifetime of exceptional scholarly achievement by a distinguished scholar".^[1]

Ronald Leslie Numbers was the son of a fundamentalist Seventh-day Adventist preacher, and was raised in the Seventh-day Adventist religion and schools well into college.^[1] Regarding religious beliefs, he described himself as agnostic, and has written, "I no longer believe in creationism of any kind".^[2] He became a leading scholar in the history of science and religion and an authority on the history of creationism and creation science.^{[citation needed]}

Numbers was educated at Southern Missionary College, and obtained his master's degree at Florida State University.^[3] Numbers received his Ph.D. in history of science from University of California, Berkeley, in 1969.^[4] He was Hilldale and William Coleman Professor of the History of Science and Medicine at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. From 1989 to 1993 he was editor of Isis, an international journal of the history of science. With David Lindberg, he has co-edited two anthologies on the relationship between religion and science. Also with Lindberg, he had edited the eight-volume Cambridge History of Science.

Ronald Numbers died on July 24, 2023, at the age of 81.^[5]

In 1976, while still a lecturer at Loma Linda University, he published the book Prophetess of Health. The book is about the relationship between Seventh-day Adventist Church co-founder and prophetess Ellen G. White and popular ideas about health that were fashionable in certain circles in America just prior to the time during which she wrote her books.^[6]

In 1992, he published The Creationists: The Evolution of Scientific Creationism, a history of the origins of anti-evolutionism. It was revised and expanded in 2006, with the subtitle changed to From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design. The book has been described as "probably the most definitive history of anti-evolutionism".^[7] It has received generally favorable reviews from both the academic and the religious community.^[8] Former archbishop of York John Habgood described it, in an article in The Times, as a "massively well-documented history" that "must surely be the definitive study of the rise and growth of" creationism.^[9]

In 2009, he was editor for Galileo Goes to Jail and Other Myths About Science and Religion, where the book focuses on popular misconceptions that are connected between science and religion.^[10][11][12]

Among other things the work seeks to debunk various claims, such as that the medieval Christian Church suppressed science, that medieval Islamic culture was inhospitable to science, that the Church issued a universal ban on human dissection in the Middle Ages, that Galileo Galilei was imprisoned and tortured for advocating Copernicanism, or that the idea of creationism is a uniquely American phenomenon.^[12]

• The Warfare Between Science and Religion: The Idea That Wouldn't Die, (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018) (ed. with Jeff Hardin, Ronald A. Binzley). ISBN 978-1421426181
• Science and Religion Around the World, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011) (ed. with John Hedley Brooke). ISBN 978-0-195-32819-6
• "Wrestling with Nature: From Omens to Science", (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011) (ed.with Peter Harrison and Michael H. Shank). ISBN 9780226317816
• Galileo Goes to Jail, and Other Myths About Science and Religion (ed.) (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2009). ISBN 0-674-03327-2
• Prophetess of Health: A Study of Ellen G. White, 3rd Ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing, 2008).
• Science and Christianity in Pulpit and Pew, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007).
• The Creationists: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design, (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2006),
  - expanded version of The Creationists, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992. Reprinted by University of California Press, 1993.) ISBN 978-0-674-02339-0
• When Science and Christianity Meet, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003). ed. with David C. Lindberg
• Disseminating Darwinism: The Role of Place, Race, Religion, and Gender, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), ed. with John Stenhouse.
• Darwinism Comes to America. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1998).
• God and Nature: Historical Essays on the Encounter Between Christianity and Science, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986) ed. with David C. Lindberg. ISBN 978-0-520-05538-4

• PBS Evolution articles
• Interview with Science & Theology News
• Brief treatise on the history of creationism Archived 2017-12-12 at the Wayback Machine
• Interview in Salon
• Beyond War and Peace: A Reappraisal of the Encounter Between Christianity and Science
• Salon.com interview
• Video of discussion about creationism/intelligent design with Numbers and creationist Paul Nelson on Bloggingheads.tv
• Ronald Numbers at IMDb