2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
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The 2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries and caucuses were a series of electoral contests to indicate non-binding preferences for the Libertarian Party's presidential candidate in the 2020 United States presidential election. These differ from the Republican or Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses in that they do not appoint delegates to represent a candidate at the party's convention to select the party's presidential nominee.
The party's nominee was subsequently chosen directly by registered delegates at the 2020 Libertarian National Convention, held through an online convention from May 22 to May 24.[2] Jo Jorgensen was chosen as the party's presidential nominee, becoming the first woman to receive the Libertarian nomination, after four rounds of voting.[3][4] Spike Cohen was nominated for vice president.[5]
Background[edit]
The 2020 United States presidential election was the thirteenth contested presidential election in which the Libertarian Party participated. The 2016 election saw the highest vote total and percentage of votes for a Libertarian presidential ticket ever, with former New Mexico governor Gary Johnson and his running mate, former Massachusetts governor Bill Weld, receiving over four million votes and 3.3% of the total vote.[6] During his presidential campaign in 2016, Johnson often stated that it would be his last run for the presidency.[7]
Candidates[edit]
Major candidates have been invited to participate in at least two Libertarian Party-sponsored debates or have received substantial independent media coverage.
Nominee[edit]
Candidate | Born | Experience | Home state | Campaign | Popular vote | Contests won | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jo Jorgensen | May 1, 1957 (age 63) Libertyville, Illinois | Psychology senior lecturer at Clemson University Nominee for Vice President in 1996 Nominee for U.S. representative from SC-04 in 1992 | South Carolina | Campaign November 2, 2019 FEC Filing[8] Nominated: May 23, 2020 Running mate: Spike Cohen[b] | 5,123 (11.2%) | 2 (NE, NM) | [3][9] |
Eliminated in convention balloting[edit]
Candidate | Born | Experience | Home state | Campaign announced | Campaign suspended | Popular vote | Contests won | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jacob Hornberger | January 28, 1950 (age 70) Laredo, Texas | Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002 Candidate for President in 2000 | Virginia | October 29, 2019 FEC Filing[10] Running mate: Spike Cohen[11] | May 23, 2020 (eliminated in balloting; endorsed Jorgensen after her nomination) | 9,186 (20.3%) | 7 (CA, CT, IA, MN, MO, NY, OH) | [3][12] | |
Vermin Supreme | June 3, 1961 (age 58) Rockport, Massachusetts | Performance artist, activist, and political satirist Candidate for president in 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2016 | Massachusetts | Campaign June 26, 2019 FEC Filing[13] Running mate: Spike Cohen[14] | May 23, 2020 (eliminated in balloting; endorsed Jorgensen after her nomination) | 4,290 (9.4%) | 1 (NH) | [3][15] | |
Adam Kokesh | February 1, 1982 (age 38) San Francisco, California | Libertarian and anti-war political activist Nominee for U.S. Senate from Arizona in 2018 Republican candidate for U.S. representative from NM-03 in 2010 | Indiana | January 18, 2018 FEC Filing[16] Running mate: Larry Sharpe[11] (formerly John McAfee)[17] | May 23, 2020 (eliminated in balloting; endorsed Jorgensen during balloting) (ran for vice-president)[5] | 2,865 (6.3%) | 0 | [citation needed] | |
Dan Behrman | April 24, 1981 (age 38) Los Angeles, California | Software engineer, internet personality and podcaster Nominee for Texas State Representative from the 125th district in 2014 | Nevada | January 30, 2019 FEC Filing[18] | May 23, 2020 (Eliminated in nomination round of convention; endorsed Supreme)[19] (Running as an Independent)[19] | 2,398 (5.3%) | 0 | [20] | |
Sam Robb | January 2, 1969 (age 51) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | Software engineer and author Former naval officer | April 1, 2019 | May 23, 2020 (Eliminated during nomination round; endorsed Jorgensen)[22] | 1,954 (4.3%) | 0 | [23] | ||
Souraya Faas | Former member of the Miami-Dade County Republican Executive Committee Independent candidate for president in 2016 | Florida | May 3, 2019 FEC Filing[24] | May 23, 2020 (eliminated during nomination round; endorsed Supreme)[25] | 1,170 (3.0%) | 0 | [26][27] | ||
Erik Gerhardt | Entrepreneur | Pennsylvania | May 23, 2019 FEC Filing[28] | May 23, 2020 (eliminated during nomination round) | 847 (2.2%) | 0 | [29][30] | ||
Keenan Dunham | July 16, 1981 (age 38) Myrtle Beach, South Carolina | Chair of the Horry County, South Carolina Libertarian Party Candidate for President in 2016 | South Carolina | August 26, 2018 FEC Filing[31] | May 23, 2020 (eliminated during nomination round) | 722 (1.9%) | 0 | [32] | |
John McAfee | 1945–2021; aged 75 years (at death) Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom | Founder and CEO of McAfee, Inc. (1987–1994) Candidate for President in 2016 | Tennessee | Campaign June 3, 2018 Running mate: Adam Kokesh[17] | March 4, 2020 Resumed: March 5, 2020 May 23, 2020 (eliminated during nomination round) | 560 (1.5%) | 0 | [33][34] | |
Arvin Vohra | May 9, 1979 (age 40) Silver Spring, Maryland | Vice Chair of the LNC (2014–2018) Nominee for U.S. Senate from Maryland in 2016 and 2018 Nominee for U.S. representative from MD-05 in 2012 and MD-04 in 2014 | Maryland | July 3, 2018 FEC Filing[35] | May 23, 2020 (eliminated during nomination round; endorsed Kokesh) | 272 (0.7%) | 0 | [36] | |
Kenneth Blevins | Pipe welder | Oklahoma | June 6, 2019 FEC Filing[37] | May 23, 2020 (eliminated during nomination round) | 122 (0.3%) | 0 | [38] | ||
John Monds | September 17, 1965 (age 54) | Former President of the Grady County, Georgia NAACP Nominee for Governor of Georgia in 2010 | Georgia | January 27, 2020 FEC Filing[39] | May 23, 2020 (eliminated during balloting; endorsed Jorgensen during balloting) (ran for vice-president)[5] | 64 (0.2%) | 0 | [40][11] | |
Jim Gray | February 14, 1945 (age 75) Washington, D.C. | Former presiding judge for the Superior Court of Orange County, California Nominee for Vice President in 2012 | California | April 13, 2020 Running mate: Larry Sharpe | May 23, 2020 (eliminated during balloting; endorsed Jorgensen during balloting) | 42 (0.1%) | 0 | [17] |
Withdrew during the primaries[edit]
Candidate | Born | Experience | State | Campaign announced | Campaign suspended | Popular vote | Contests won | Campaign | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ken Armstrong | April 25, 1957 (age 63) Pasadena, California | U.S. Coast Guard commissioned officer (1977–1994) Former nonprofit executive Former member of the Honolulu County, Hawaii Neighborhood Board | Oregon | May 10, 2019 | April 29, 2020 (Ran for Vice President)[41] (Endorsed Amash)[42] | 3,509 (7.7%) | 0 | FEC Filing[43] | [41][44] | |
Mark Whitney | Podcaster and political satirist Founder and CEO of TheLaw.net Nominee for Vermont State Senate in 1996 | California | December 20, 2019 | April 24, 2020 (Endorsed Gray)[45] | 10 (nil%) | 0 | Campaign FEC Filing[46] | [47][48] | ||
Lincoln Chafee | March 26, 1953 (age 67) Providence, Rhode Island | Governor of Rhode Island (2011–2015) U.S. Senator from Rhode Island (1999–2007) Mayor of Warwick, Rhode Island (1993–1999) Democratic candidate for President in 2016 | Wyoming | January 5, 2020 | April 5, 2020 | 441 (1.1%) | 0 | Campaign | [49][50] | |
Max Abramson | April 29, 1976 (age 43) Kent, Washington | New Hampshire State Representative (2014–2016; 2018–present) Nominee for Governor of New Hampshire in 2016 | New Hampshire | June 30, 2019 | March 3, 2020[51] (Ran for Reform nomination and for Veterans' nomination)[52][53] | 2,040 (4.5%) | 0 | FEC Filing[54] | [55][56] | |
Kim Ruff | Peoria, Arizona | Vice chair of the LPRadical Caucus Write-in candidate for Arizona State Mine Inspector in 2018 | Arizona | March 25, 2019 | January 11, 2020 (Endorsed Supreme)[57] | 3,045 (6.7%) | 0 | FEC Filing[58] Running mate: John Phillips Jr. | [59][60] |
Withdrew before the primaries[edit]
Candidate | Born | Experience | State | Campaign announced | Campaign suspended | Popular vote | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Joe Exotic | March 5, 1963 (aged 54) Garden City, Kansas | Zookeeper independent candidate for president in 2016 | Oklahoma | January 13, 2017[61] | June 1, 2017[62](ran for Governor of Oklahoma) | 0[c] | |
Zoltan Istvan | March 30, 1973 (aged 45) Los Angeles, California | Transhumanist activist and futurist Candidate for Governor of California in 2018 Transhumanist nominee for President in 2016 | California | November 25, 2017 | January 11, 2019 (ran for Vice President) | 0[c] | [63] |
Formed exploratory committee but did not run[edit]
Candidate | Born | Experience | State | Exploratory committee announced | Exploratory committee disbanded | Popular vote | Contests won | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Justin Amash | April 18, 1980 (age 44) Grand Rapids, Michigan | U.S. representative from MI-03 (2011–2021) Michigan State Representative from MI-72 (2009–2011) | Michigan | April 28, 2020 | May 16, 2020 | 3 (nil%) | 0 | [64][65][66] |
Declined to be candidates[edit]
These individuals have been the subject of presidential speculation, but have publicly denied or recanted interest in running for president.
- Patrick Byrne, CEO and founder of Overstock.com from Indiana[67]
- Tom Campbell, former U.S. Representative from California (1989–1993, 1995–2001)[68][69] (endorsed Jim Gray)[69]
- Kmele Foster,[d] telecommunications entrepreneur and TV host from New York[70][71] (endorsed Justin Amash)[72]
- Gary Johnson, Republican Governor of New Mexico (1995–2003), nominee for president in 2012 and 2016, nominee for U.S. senator from New Mexico in 2018[73]
- Thomas Massie,[d] Republican U.S. representative from Kentucky (2012–present)[74]
- Darryl W. Perry, radio host and candidate for President in 2016[75] (endorsed Kim Ruff)
- Austin Petersen,[d] candidate for President in 2016, Republican candidate for U.S. Senate from Missouri in 2018[76]
- Mary Ruwart, candidate for president in 1984 and 2008, candidate for vice president in 1992, nominee for U.S. Senate from Texas in 2000[77]
- Mark Sanford,[d] Republican U.S. representative from South Carolina (2013–2019)[78][79] (ran for the Republican Party nomination)[80]
- Nicholas Sarwark, attorney and chair of the Libertarian National Committee (2014–2020), candidate for Mayor of Phoenix in 2018[81][82]
- Larry Sharpe, businessman, motivational speaker, and nominee for Governor of New York in 2018[83] (ran for Vice President)[17]
- Jesse Ventura,[d] Reform Governor of Minnesota (1999–2003)[84][85] (considered running for Green Party nomination[86])
- Bill Weld, Republican Governor of Massachusetts (1991–1997) and nominee for Vice President in 2016[87][88] (ran for the Republican Party nomination)[89]
Timeline of the race[edit]
2017[edit]
- November 25: Zoltan Istvan announces his intention to run.[63]
2018[edit]
- January 18: Adam Kokesh officially launches his campaign at an event in Texas, having already announced his intention to run for president during a jailhouse interview in 2013.[90] On the day of his announcement, Kokesh was stopped twice by Texas state troopers, and placed under arrest and charged with possession of a controlled substance and tampering with evidence.[91]
- May 28: Perennial candidate and performance artist Vermin Supreme files to run.[13]
- June 3: Contrary to an assertion he made at the 2016 convention, John McAfee announces via Twitter that he would run for president again in 2020, either with the Libertarian Party or under the banner of a party of his own creation.[92]
- July 3: Former Vice Chair of the Libertarian National Committee, Arvin Vohra announces his candidacy, after an unsuccessful bid for re-election to his position as vice chair.[36]
- August 26: Chair of the Horry County Libertarian party and 2016 presidential candidate Keenan Dunham files to run.[31]
- October 19: After having been asked during a Q&A session a few days prior if he would be interested in running for president as a Libertarian, Overstock.com CEO Patrick Byrne indicates that he "almost definitely" was not going to run for president in 2020.[67]
- December 12: Vice chair of the L.P. Radical Caucus Kim Ruff expresses interest in a run.[93][94]
2019[edit]
- January 3: Biomedical researcher and candidate for the party's 2008 presidential nomination Mary Ruwart confirmed on Twitter that she was not planning on seeking the nomination on 2020 in order to focus on writing.[77]
- January 11: Zoltan Istvan announced via his website that he had left the Libertarian Party some time before this date, and was no longer seeking its presidential nomination in 2020.[95]
- January 20: At-the-time Republican representative Justin Amash warns the Libertarian Party against nominating a "squishy Republican" at LibertyCon, a comment widely seen as directed at 2016 vice-presidential nominee and presumptive frontrunner Bill Weld.[87]
- January 21: Former Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz, who had been suggested as a Libertarian candidate, makes clear that any presidential run by him would be as an independent.[96][97][98]
- January 22: McAfee announces via Twitter that he would be continuing his campaign "in exile", following reports that he, his wife, and four of his campaign staff were being indicted for tax-related felonies by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). McAfee indicated that he was in "international waters", and had previously tweeted that he was on his way to Venezuela.[99] The IRS has not commented on the alleged indictments.[100]
- January 23: McAfee confirmed on Twitter that he had docked in the Bahamas, where he would remain for the foreseeable future.[101]
- January 30: Podcaster and software engineer Dan Behrman files to run.[18]
- February 5: Weld, who had served as Gary Johnson's running mate in 2016, is the subject of rumours that he had left the Libertarian Party and rejoined the Republican Party to challenge Donald Trump in the Republican primary.[102]
- February 15:
- Weld confirmed the rumors that he had left the Libertarian Party on February 15 by announcing the formation of an exploratory committee for the Republican nomination.[103] Weld officially launched his campaign for the Republican nomination on April 15.[104]
- Justin Amash declines to rule out running for the Libertarian nomination.[105]
- April 1: Software engineer and former naval officer Sam Robb files to run.[21]
- April 22: Larry Sharpe, who had been a candidate for vice president in 2016 and the nominee for Governor of New York in 2018, told The Niagara Gazette that he was unlikely to run for office in 2020, and was instead looking at running for Governor again in 2022.[106]
- May 3: Souraya Faas files to run.
- May 10: Former U.S. Coast Guard officer Ken Armstrong announces his candidacy.[107][108]
- May 18: Congressman Justin Amash broke ranks with the Republican Party and became the first Republican in all of Congress to call for impeachment proceedings against President Donald Trump.[109] In an interview with Salon, Libertarian National Committee chairman Nicholas Sarwark concurred with Amash's conclusions, saying, "of all the members of Congress, his [Amash] positions seem to most closely match those of the Libertarian Party.", fuelling speculations about a possible bid by Amash for the Libertarian nomination[110][111] On May 22, Sharpe reported receiving two calls from "people close to Amash" inquiring about the Libertarian Party.[112]
- May 23: Entrepreneur Erik Gerhardt files to run.[28]
- June 30: New Hampshire state representative Max Abramson announces his candidacy for the Libertarian nomination.[113]
- July 4: Amash announces via an op-ed in The Washington Post that he had left the Republican Party, becoming an independent.[114]
- August 22: Former Rhode Island governor Lincoln Chafee, who announced he had joined the Libertarian Party in a Boston Globe op-ed published in July, expressed interest in making another bid for the presidency, this time as a Libertarian.[115][116]
- October 29: Founder and president of the Future of Freedom Foundation Jacob Hornberger filed to seek the Libertarian nomination for president, announcing his candidacy days later.
- November 2: At the South Carolina Libertarian Party convention, 1996 vice presidential nominee Jo Jorgensen announces her candidacy seeking the nomination for president. Jorgensen participated in the subsequent presidential debate held off the convention site.[12]
- December 20: Podcaster and satirist Mark Whitney announces his campaign.[47]
2020[edit]
- January 5: Former Governor and Senator Lincoln Chafee files to run.[49]
- January 11:
- Vermin Supreme wins the Libertarian Party of New Hampshire's internally-held and funded presidential preference primary.[117]
- Kim Ruff suspends her campaign.[118]
- January 27: 2010 Georgia gubernatorial nominee John Monds files to run.[39][40]
- February 8: Jacob Hornberger wins the Libertarian Party of Iowa's internally-held and funded presidential preference caucus.[119]
- February 25: Jacob Hornberger wins the Libertarian Party of Minnesota's internally-held presidential preference caucus.[120]
- March 3;
- None of the above wins the North Carolina Libertarian presidential primary.[121]
- Jacob Hornberger wins the California Libertarian presidential primary.[121]
- Vermin Supreme wins the Massachusetts Libertarian presidential primary.[121]
- Max Abramson announces his departure from the Libertarian Party, ending his bid for the party's presidential nomination.[122]
- March 4: John McAfee suspends his presidential campaign and announces his candidacy for the Libertarian vice-presidential nomination, endorsing Vermin Supreme for president.[121][123]
- March 5: McAfee resumes his presidential campaign.[124]
- March 10: Jacob Hornberger wins the unopposed Missouri primary.[125]
- April 5: Lincoln Chafee suspends his campaign.[50]
- April 11: Hornberger wins the Ohio caucus.[126]
- April 13: Judge Jim Gray announces his candidacy, with Larry Sharpe as his running mate.[127]
- April 24: Mark Whitney suspends his campaign and endorses Gray.[48]
- April 26: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the JW Marriott Downtown Austin cancels all reservations for the 2020 Libertarian National Convention.[128]
- April 28;
- April 29: Ken Armstrong announces that he will withdraw from the presidential race and instead seek the nomination for vice president, following Amash's declaration for the Presidential nomination.[41]
- May 9: The Libertarian Party of Kentucky sponsors the 5th in a series of televised debates held by the state party, featuring the top four vote-getting candidates from previous debates, Hornberger, Supreme, Jorgensen, and Jim Gray, plus Justin Amash.[130]
- May 11: Ken Armstrong endorses Amash.[42]
- May 12: Jo Jorgensen wins the Nebraska primary with 28% of the vote.[131]
- May 16: Despite forming an exploratory committee, Justin Amash announces that he will not seek the 2020 presidential nomination.[65]
- May 22: The 2020 Libertarian National Convention begins online, set to run digitally from May 22–24.
- May 23;
- In the nominating round, Blevins, Vohra, McAfee, Dunham, Gerhardt, Faas, Robb, and Behrman are eliminated. Vohra endorses Kokesh, Robb endorses Jorgensen, and Faas and Behrman endorse Supreme. (Behrman nevertheless announces he will continue his presidential run as an independent.)
- In subsequent rounds, Kokesh, Gray, Monds, Supreme, and Hornberger are eliminated. All of them subsequently endorse Jorgensen.
- The Libertarian Party officially nominates Jo Jorgensen as its presidential candidate, making her the party's first female presidential nominee.
- May 24: The Libertarian Party nominates Spike Cohen as its vice presidential nominee.
Overview[edit]
Active campaign | |
Exploratory committee | |
Withdrawn candidate | |
Midterm elections | |
New Hampshire primary | |
Super Tuesday | |
COVID-19 pandemic national emergency declaration | |
Libertarian convention | |
Final primary | |
General election |
Endorsements[edit]
- Federal legislators
- Tom Campbell, former U.S. Representative from California (1989–1993, 1995–2001)[69]
- Statewide officials
- Gary Johnson, Republican Governor of New Mexico (1995–2003), nominee for president in 2012 and 2016, nominee for U.S. senator from New Mexico in 2018[132]
- Municipal officials
- Jeff Hewitt, member of the Riverside County Board of Supervisors (Previously endorsed Whitney)[133]
- Party officials
- John A. Buttrick, attorney and former chairman of the Libertarian Party of Arizona[134]
- Individuals
- Scott Horton, radio host and anti-war activist[135]
- Tom Woods, historian and author[136]
- Federal legislators
- Cynthia McKinney, former U.S. Representative from Georgia (1997–2003, 2005–2007), Green nominee for President in 2008[137]
- Party officials
- Arvin Vohra, Vice Chair of the Libertarian National Committee (2014-2018)[citation needed]
- State legislators
- Caleb Q. Dyer, former New Hampshire State Representative from Hillsborough District 37 (2017–2019)[138]
- Brandon Phinney, former New Hampshire State Representative from Strafford District 24 (2017–2019)[139] (Previously endorsed Ruff)
- Individuals
- Rob Potylo, musician and comedian[140]
- Lord Buckethead, satirical parliamentary candidate from the United Kingdom[141]
- State legislators
- Laura Ebke, former Nebraska state senator (2015–2019)[142]
- Individuals
- Kmele Foster, telecommunications entrepreneur and TV host[72]
- Nick Gillespie, political writer and editor-at-large for Reason[143]
- Jack Hunter, political commentator and editor for Rare.us[144]
- Jeff Jacoby, political columnist for The Boston Globe[145]
- Matt K. Lewis, political writer and columnist for The Daily Beast and The Week[146]
- Mark Pellegrino, actor[147]
- Individuals
- Steve Kerbel, businessman, author, and candidate for President in 2016[148]
- James P. Gray, Former presiding judge for the Superior Court of Orange County, California, Nominee for Vice-President in 2012 (Later ran for President)[17]
- State legislators
- Brandon Phinney, former New Hampshire State Representative from Strafford District 24 (2017–2019) (Later endorsed Supreme) [149]
- Municipal officials
- Jeff Hewitt, member of the Riverside County Board of Supervisors[133]
Primaries and caucuses[edit]
The Libertarian Party will be eligible to participate in presidential primaries in numerous states.[150]
- January 11: The Libertarian Party of New Hampshire announced the results of its party-funded presidential preference primary, conducted by mail and in-person at the state convention through January 10.[151]
- February 8: The Libertarian Party of Iowa conducted its own caucuses.[152]
- February 25: The Libertarian Party of Minnesota conducted its own caucuses a week before that of the Democratic and Republican primaries in Minnesota.[153]
- March 3: California,[154] Massachusetts,[155] and North Carolina primaries[156]
- March 10: Missouri primary[157]
- March 16–April 11: The Libertarian Party of Ohio conducted its own online caucuses.[158]
- April 18-May 1: The Libertarian Party of Maine conducted its own online convention.[159]
- April 25–28: The Libertarian Party of Connecticut conducted its own online primary.[160]
- April 28: New York primary[161]
- May 12: Nebraska primary[162]
- May 22: 2020 Libertarian National Convention
- June 2: New Mexico primary[163]
Other primaries and caucuses[edit]
- Cancellations: Arizona[164]
Ballot access[edit]
State/ Territory | Date | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NH[e] | January 11 | [A] | [165] | ||||||||||||||
IA[e] | February 8 | No official candidate list | [166] | ||||||||||||||
MN[e] | February 25 | [B] | [153] | ||||||||||||||
CA | March 3 | [C] | [167] | ||||||||||||||
MA | March 3 | [168] | |||||||||||||||
NC | March 3 | [D] | [169] | ||||||||||||||
MO | March 10 | [170] | |||||||||||||||
OH[e] | March 16 | [E] | [171] | ||||||||||||||
CT[e] | April 28 | [F] | [172][173] | ||||||||||||||
NY | April 28 | [174] | |||||||||||||||
NE | May 12 | [175] | |||||||||||||||
NM | June 2 | [G] | [176] |
Candidates listed in italics have suspended their campaigns.
- ^ Erik Gerhardt, Arlen Lawson Wright
- ^ Sorinne Ardeleanu, Souraya Faas, Steve Richey
- ^ Souraya Faas, Erik Gerhardt, Steve Richey
- ^ Kenneth Blevins, Souraya Faas, Erik Gerhardt, Jedi Hill, James Ogle, Steve Richey
- ^ Steve Richey
- ^ Brian Ellison, Erik Gerhardt, James Ogle, Jedediah Hill, John Monds, Kenneth Blevins, Louis Vanacore, Phil Gray, Rhett Smith, Sorinne Ardeleanu, Steve Richey
- ^ Sorinne Ardeleanu, John Monds, James Ogle
Results[edit]
Date | Contest | 2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries[f] | Source | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jo Jorgensen | Jacob Hornberger | Vermin Supreme | Adam Kokesh | Dan Behrman | Sam Robb | Ken Armstrong | Kim Ruff | Max Abramson | None of the above | Others | Total | |||
January 11 | New Hampshire | 17 (12.1%) | 9 (6.4%) | 26 (18.6%) | 1 (0.7%) | 13 (9.3%) | 8 (5.7%) | 5 (3.6%) | 22 (15.7%) | 1 (0.7%) | 13 (9.3%) | 25[g] (17.7%) | 140 | [177] |
February 8 | Iowa | 18 (6.4%) | 133 (47.3%) | 9 (3.2%) | 17 (6.1%) | 14 (5.0%) | 7 (2.5%) | 2 (0.7%) | 6 (2.1%) | 8 (2.9%) | 67[h] (23.8%) | 281 | [178] | |
February 25 | Minnesota | 32 (40.5%) | 47 (59.5%) | eliminated | eliminated | eliminated in round 1/7 | eliminated | eliminated | eliminated | eliminated | 79 | [179] | ||
March 3 (Super Tuesday) | California | 3,534 (12.4%) | 5,530 (19.4%) | 3,469 (12.2%) | 2,161 (7.6%) | 1,695 (5.9%) | 1,722 (6.0%) | 3,011 (10.6%) | 2,330 (8.2%) | 1,605 (5.6%) | 3,478 (12.2%) | 28,535 | [180] | |
Massachusetts | 141 (3.4%) | 369 (8.9%) | 399 (9.6%) | 125 (3.0%) | 294 (7.%) | 127 (3.1%) | 145 (3.5%) | 224 (5.4%) | 98 (2.4%) | 804 (19.3%) | 1,433 (34.5%) | 4,159 | [181] | |
North Carolina | 267 (4.4%) | 584 (9.6%) | 387 (6.3%) | 163 (2.7%) | 144 (2.4%) | 346 (5.7%) | 469 (7.7%) | 160 (2.7%) | 2,022 (33.1%) | 1,568 (25.7%) | 6,110 | [182] | ||
March 10 | Missouri | 1,695 (74.8%) | 571 (25.2%) | 2,266 | [183] | |||||||||
March 16-April 11 | Ohio | 55 (31.6%) | 97 (55.7%) | eliminated in round 8/9 | eliminated in round 5/9 | eliminated in round 2/9 | eliminated in round 7/9 | 22 (12.6%) | 174 | [184] | ||||
April 25-28 | Connecticut | eliminated in round 18/19 | 85 (50.9%) | eliminated in round 16/19 | eliminated in round 17/19 | eliminated in round 12/19 | eliminated in round 10/19 | eliminated in round 7/19 | eliminated in round 13/19 | 82 (49.1%) | 167 | [185] | ||
April 28 | New York | default winner | [186] | |||||||||||
May 12 | Nebraska | 539 (28.1%) | 483 (25.2%) | 274 (14.3%) | 180 (9.4%) | 170 (8.9%) | 270 (14.1%) | 1,916 | [187] | |||||
June 2 | New Mexico[i] | 520 (33.1%) | 154 (9.8%) | 124 (7.9%) | 58 (3.7%) | 90 (5.7%) | 330 (21.0%) | 281 (18.1%) | 1,557 | [190] | ||||
Popular vote (Percentage) | 5,123 (11.2%) | 9,186 (20.3%) | 4,290 (9.4%) | 2,865 (6.3%) | 2,398 (5.3%) | 1,954 (4.3%) | 3,509 (7.7%) | 3,045 (6.7%) | 2,040 (4.5%) | 3,770 (8.3%) | 45,389 |
Debates and forums[edit]
Schedule[edit]
No. | Date | Time (ET) | Place | Sponsor(s) | Moderators | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | March 31, 2019 | Holiday Inn Seattle–Issaquah, Issaquah, Washington | Libertarian Party of Washington | Randy McGlenn II | [191] | |
2 | April 13, 2019 | Courtyard by Marriott Bay City, Bay City, Michigan | Libertarian Party of Michigan | Jeff Wood | [192] | |
3 | April 27, 2019 | Hotel Eleganté Conference & Event Center, Colorado Springs, Colorado | Libertarian Party of Colorado | – | [193] | |
4 | May 5, 2019 | 1–2 pm | Hotel Alba Tampa-Westshore, Tampa, Florida | Libertarian Party of Florida | C. Michael Pickens | [194] |
5 | June 1, 2019 | Radisson Hotel at The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio | Libertarian Party of Ohio | Larry Sharpe | [195] | |
6 | July 13, 2019 | VFW Post 529 – George Dilboy Post, Somerville, Massachusetts | Libertarian Party of Massachusetts | Matt Welch | [196] | |
7 | November 2, 2019 | 7–9 pm | Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina | Libertarian Party of South Carolina | [196] | |
8 | November 9, 2019 | 7–9 pm | Olean High School, Olean, New York | Cattaraugus County Libertarian Party | James Weeks II, Daniel Donnelly, and Luke Wenke | [197] |
9 | January 11, 2020 | Holiday Inn, Concord, New Hampshire | Libertarian Party of New Hampshire | Daniel Fishman | [198] | |
10 | January 18, 2020 | Douglasville Convention Center, Douglasville, Georgia | Libertarian Party of Georgia | Jessica Szilagyi | [199] | |
11 | February 16, 2020 | 10 pm–12 am | DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Los Angeles, Culver City, California | Libertarian Party of California | Matt Welch | [200] |
12 | February 22, 2020 | Holiday Inn & Suites, Orlando, Florida | Libertarian Party of Florida | [201] | ||
13 | February 28, 2020 | 6:30–9 pm | Birmingham Marriott, Birmingham, Alabama | Libertarian Party of Alabama | TBD | [202] |
14 | March 7, 2020 | Renaissance Philadelphia Airport Hotel, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Libertarian Party of Pennsylvania | Larry Sharpe | [203] | |
15 | March 13, 2020 | 9:15–11:30 pm | Embassy Suites East Peoria, East Peoria, Illinois | Libertarian Party of Illinois | TBD | [204] |
16 | April 17, 2020 | McAllen Convention Center, McAllen, Texas | Libertarian Party of Texas | TBD | [205] | |
17 | April 23, 2020 | Online | Libertarian Party of Kentucky | Chris Wiest | [206] | |
18 | May 2, 2020 | Online | Libertarian Party of Kentucky | Chris Wiest | [207] | |
19 | May 9, 2020 | Online | Libertarian Party of Kentucky | Chris Wiest | [130] | |
20 | May 16, 2020 | Online | Libertarian Party of Kentucky Libertarian Party of Missouri | Matt Welch | [208] | |
21 | May 18, 2020 | Online | Libertarian Party of Texas | Timothy Martinez | [209] | |
22 | May 21, 2020 | Online | Libertarian Party National Convention | John Stossel | [210] |
Debates[edit]
Date | Place | Host | Participants | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P Participant. I Invitee. A Absent. N Confirmed non-invitee. O Out of race (exploring, suspended, or not yet entered) | others | |||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2019[191] | Issaquah, Washington | Libertarian Party of Washington | O | O | O | A | O | O | O | O | P | O | O | A | A | P | O | none | ||
April 13, 2019[211] | Bay City, Michigan | Libertarian Party of Michigan | O | O | O | A | O | O | O | O | A | O | A | A | P | P | O | Marks | ||
April 27, 2019[212] | Colorado Springs, Colorado | Libertarian Party of Colorado | O | O | O | A | O | O | O | O | P | O | A | A | P | P | O | none | ||
May 5, 2019[213] | Tampa, Florida | Libertarian Party of Florida | O | O | O | P | O | O | O | O | P | O | A | A | A | P | O | Faas | ||
June 1, 2019[195] | Toledo, Ohio | Libertarian Party of Ohio | O | O | O | A | O | O | O | O | P | O | A | P | P | P | O | Marks | ||
July 13, 2019[196] | Somerville, Massachusetts | Libertarian Party of Massachusetts | P | O | O | P | O | O | O | O | P | O | A | P | A | P | O | none | ||
November 2, 2019[214] | Florence, South Carolina | Libertarian Party of South Carolina | N | O | P | P | O | O | N | P | P | O | N | P | P | N | O | none | ||
November 9, 2019[197] | Olean, New York | Cattaraugus County Libertarian Party | P | O | P | P | O | O | A | A | A | O | P | A | P | P | O | Christmann Hill | ||
January 11, 2020[198] | Concord, New Hampshire | Libertarian Party of New Hampshire | P | O | A | P | A[j] | O | A | P | A | O | P | A | P | P | P | Ashby Dunham Gerhardt | ||
January 18, 2020[215] | Douglasville, Georgia | Libertarian Party of Georgia | A | O | A | P | P | O | A | P | P | O | P | O | P | A | P | Blevins Gerhardt | ||
February 16, 2020[200] | Culver City, California | Libertarian Party of California | N | O | N | N | P | O | P | P | P | N | N | O | P | N | P | none | ||
February 22, 2020[216] | Orlando, Florida | Libertarian Party of Florida | A | O | A | P | P | O | P | P | P | P | A | O | P | P | P | none | ||
February 28, 2020[202] | Birmingham, Alabama | Libertarian Party of Alabama | A | O | A | P | P | O | P | P | P | P | A | O | A | P | P | none | ||
March 7, 2020[217] | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Libertarian Party of Pennsylvania | O | O | P | A | A | O | P | P | P | A | A | O | P | A | A | none | ||
March 13, 2020[204] | East Peoria, Illinois | Libertarian Party of Illinois | O | O | P | P | A | O | P | P | P | P | P | O | P | A | A | Blevins Williams | ||
April 17, 2020[205] | McAllen, Texas | Libertarian Party of Texas | O | O | N | I | O | N | I | I | I | I | N | O | I | N | I | none | ||
April 22, 2020[206] | Online | Libertarian Party of Kentucky | O | O | A | A | O | P | P | P | P | A | A | O | A | A | P | none | ||
May 2, 2020[207] | Online | Libertarian Party of Kentucky | O | A | O | A | O | P | P | P | N | P | N | O | P | N | O | none | ||
May 9, 2020[130] | Online | Libertarian Party of Kentucky | O | P | O | N | O | P | P | P | N | N | N | O | P | N | O | none | ||
May 16, 2020[208] | Online | Libertarian Party of Kentucky Libertarian Party of Missouri | O | A | O | N | O | P | P | P | P | P | N | O | N | N | O | none | ||
May 18, 2020[209] | Online | Libertarian Party of Texas | O | O | O | P | O | P | P | P | P | P | A | O | P | A | O | none | ||
May 21, 2020[210] | Online | Libertarian Party National Convention | O | O | O | N | O | P | P | P | N | P | N | O | P | N | O | none |
Forums[edit]
Date | Place | Host | Participants | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P Participant. A Absent. O Out of race (exploring, suspended, or not yet entered) | Armstrong | Behrman | Chafee | Hornberger | Jorgensen | Kokesh | Robb | Supreme | Whitney | others | ||||||||||
September 23, 2019[218] | Dayton, Ohio | Libertarian Party of Ohio | P | A | O | O | O | A | A | P | O | Faas | ||||||||
January 25, 2020[219] | Tucson, Arizona | Libertarian Party of Arizona | P | P | A | P | P | P | A | P | P | none | ||||||||
February 29, 2020[220] | Des Moines, Iowa | Libertarian Party of Iowa | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | A | P | none |
Primary election polling[edit]
This section needs to be updated.(September 2019) |
National polling[edit]
Poll source | Sample size | Date(s) | Abramson | Armstrong | Behrman | Blevins | Chafee | Faas | Hornberger | Jorgensen | Kokesh | McAfee | Monds | Robb | Ruff | Seder | Supreme | Vohra | Whitney | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Torch of Liberty[221] | 511 | Mar 1–21, 2020 | – | <1% | 9% | 1% | 5% | <1% | 39% | <1% | 5% | 2% | 4% | 12% | – | – | 15% | – | 3% | 3%[k] |
The Torch of Liberty[222] | 567 | Jan 31–Feb 24, 2020 | 1% | 5% | 17% | 2% | 4% | 1% | 31% | 1% | 5% | 1% | – | 13% | – | – | 8% | – | 1% | 1%[l] |
The Torch of Liberty[223] | 634 | Jan 1–25, 2020 | 3% | 1% | 14% | – | 2% | 1% | 26% | 3% | 6% | 1% | – | 7% | 9% | – | 17% | – | – | 10%[m] |
The Torch of Liberty[224] | 319 | Dec 1–26, 2019 | 4% | 1% | 18% | – | – | 8% | 22% | 2% | 8% | 1% | – | 7% | 20% | – | 3% | 1% | – | 7%[n] |
The Torch of Liberty[225] | 475 | Nov 1–25, 2019 | 6% | 1% | 23% | – | – | 2% | 5% | 2% | 11% | 1% | – | 7% | 21% | – | 9% | – | – | 12%[o] |
The Torch of Liberty[226] | 251 | Oct 2019 | 2% | 3% | 34% | – | – | 1% | – | 1% | 8% | 9% | – | 8% | 11% | – | 6% | 0.5% | – | 17%[p] |
Third Party Watch[227] | 730 RV | Mar 10–14, 2019 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 34.0% | 20.8% | – | – | – | 42.7% | 2.1% | 0.4% | – | N/A |
National polling of delegates to the Convention[edit]
Both of these polls were conducted using ranked choice voting, progression down the table indicates later rounds of voting as the candidate with the lowest total is eliminated.
Poll source | Sample size | Date(s) | Amash | Gray | Hornberger | Jorgensen | Kokesh | Monds | Supreme | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OpaVote Archived June 3, 2020, at the Wayback Machine | Released May 19, 2020 | 350 (V)[q] | –[r] | 17.4% | 22.9% | 22% | 7.7% | 9.1% | 12.6% | 8.3[s][t] |
17.4% | 22.9% | 22% | 7.7% | 9.1% | 12.6% | 8.3[u][t] | ||||
17.7% | 23.1% | 22.3% | 7.7% | 9.1% | 12.6% | 7.4%[v][t] | ||||
17.7% | 23.4% | 22.3% | 7.7% | 9.7% | 12.9% | 6.3%[w][t] | ||||
17.7% | 24.0% | 22.3% | 8.6% | 10% | 13.7% | 3.7%[x][t] | ||||
19.2% | 24.4% | 23% | 8.8% | 10.5% | 14.2% | –[y] | ||||
20.4% | 25.7% | 26% | – | 11.5% | 16.3% | –[z] | ||||
22% | 27.6% | 31.8% | – | – | 18.7% | –[aa] | ||||
26.5% | 32.4% | 41.1% | – | – | – | –[ab] | ||||
– | 39.5% | 60.5% | – | – | – | –[ac] | ||||
36.2% | 6.1% | 17.1% | 12.8% | 7% | 5.5% | 9.9% | 5.4%[ad][t] | |||
36.2% | 6.1% | 17.1% | 12.8% | 7% | 5.5% | 9.9% | 5.4%[ae][t] | |||
36.2% | 6.1% | 17.4% | 12.8% | 7% | 5.5% | 10.1% | 4.9%[af][t] | |||
36.2% | 6.4% | 18% | 13% | 7% | 5.5% | 10.1% | 3.7%[ag][t] | |||
36.8% | 6.7% | 18.1% | 13.2% | 7% | 5.6% | 10.2% | 2.3%[ah][ai] | |||
37.1% | 6.7% | 18.7% | 13.2% | 7.6% | 5.8% | 10.8% | –[ai] | |||
37.7% | 7% | 19.9% | 15.2% | 7.9% | – | 12.3% | –[ai] | |||
39.4% | – | 20.6% | 19.1% | 8.2% | – | 12.6% | –[aj] | |||
41.1% | – | 21.9% | 22.2% | – | – | 14.7% | –[z] | |||
44.9% | – | 25.6% | 29.4% | – | – | – | –[ab] | |||
52.8% | – | – | 47.2% | – | – | – | –[ak] |
Online straw polls[edit]
The following are early unofficial online polls that have included various speculative and potential candidates, including some that are not members of the Libertarian Party.
Poll source | Date(s) | Amash | Campbell | Ince | Istvan | Johnson | Kerbel | Kokesh | McAfee | Miron | Paul | Perry | Petersen | Ruwart | Sanford | Supreme | Sarwark | Schiff | Sharpe | Ventura | Weld | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Libertarian Vindicator[228] | Jan 2–4, 2018 | — | 2% | 3% | 6% | — | nil% | 9% | — | 1% | — | — | — | 4% | — | - | 8% | - | 55% | - | 6% | None of the Above 6% |
TheJackNews[229] | Aug 13–19, 2017 | 29.1% | 2.9% | — | — | — | 0.9% | 3.9% | — | 1.1% | — | — | — | 2.8% | — | 8.2% | - | - | 28.5% | — | - | N/A |
TheJackNews[230] | July 9–15, 2017 | — | 6% | — | — | — | 6% | 10.2% | — | 10.2% | — | — | — | — | - | — | - | - | 16% | - | 43% | Undecided 8% |
A Libertarian Future[231] | Mar 2017 | 8% | — | — | — | 4% | — | 2% | 3% | — | 26% | 1% | 18% | - | 1% | — | - | - | 25% | 3% | 8% | None of the Above 1% |
A Libertarian Future[232] | Nov 2016 | 5% | — | — | — | 10% | — | 1% | 3% | — | 33% | 1% | 27% | — | — | — | 6% | 4% | 9% | - | - | None of the Above 1% |
Campaign finance[edit]
This is an overview of the money used by each campaign as it is reported to the Federal Election Commission (FEC) and released on October 15, 2019. Totals raised include loans from the candidate and transfers from other campaign committees. Some of the Libertarian candidates have not filed with the FEC, and financial data for those candidates are therefore not available.
Candidate | Total raised | Individual contributions | Debt | Spent | COH | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Unitemized | Pct | |||||
Jorgensen[233] | $32,148 | $22,365 | $7,615 | 34.1% | $9,874 | $30,257 | $1,891 |
Abramson[234] | filed Statement of Candidacy | ||||||
Armstrong[235][al] | $20,360 | $16,608 | $4,909 | 29.6% | $1,867 | $17,054 | $734 |
Behrman[236] | $42,064 | $7,767 | $1,500 | 17.2% | $18,660 | $42,064 | $0 |
Chafee[237] | $62,546 | $2,496 | $1,996 | 80.0% | $0 | $50,119 | $12,427 |
Dunham[238] | filed Statement of Candidacy | ||||||
Gerhardt[239] | filed Statement of Candidacy | ||||||
Hornberger[240] | $65,420 | $42,079 | $23,140 | 55.0% | $44,770 | $3,797 | $20,650 |
Kokesh[241] | $218,770 | $112,070 | $14,929 | 13.3% | $13,742 | $218,694 | $76 |
Marks[242] | filed Statement of Candidacy | ||||||
McAfee | did not file | ||||||
Robb[243] | filed Statement of Candidacy | ||||||
Ruff[244] [am] | $18,958 | $9,812 | $2,363 | 37.5% | $6,117 | $9,264 | $9,695 |
Supreme[245][an] | $32,049 | $28,794 | $18,535 | 64.4% | $700 | $29,407 | $2,642 |
Vohra[246] | filed Statement of Candidacy | ||||||
Whitney[247] | $67,001 | $5,600 | $575 | 9.3% | $60,726 | $2,998 | $64,028 |
See also[edit]
- National Conventions
- 2020 Libertarian National Convention
- 2020 Republican National Convention
- 2020 Democratic National Convention
- 2020 Green National Convention
- 2020 Constitution Party National Convention
Presidential primaries
- 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries
- 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries
- 2020 Green Party presidential primaries
- 2020 Constitution Party presidential primaries
Notes[edit]
- ^ The primaries were non-binding. Despite not receiving a plurality of the popular vote and carrying only Nebraska (the New Mexico primary took place after the convention), Jorgensen was able to secure a majority of delegate votes at the convention, and thus the nomination.
- ^ Cohen was not personally chosen by Jorgensen, but was nominated separately by party delegates
- ^ a b Candidate did not appear on any ballots.
- ^ a b c d e This individual is not a Libertarian Party member, but has been the subject of speculation and/or expressed interest in running under this party.
- ^ a b c d e Primary/caucus is held internally by the state party and not a state sanctioned election.
- ^ In the below table, blank cells indicate the candidate was not a ballot option or approved write-in candidate. Shaded cells indicate withdrawn candidates.
- ^ Mark Whitney: 6 (4.3%), Arvin Vohra: 6 (4.3%), Lincoln Chafee: 4 (2.9%), Justin Amash: 3 (2.1%), Keenan Dunham: 2 (1.4%), "Straw Poll": 1 (0.7%), Joe Bishop-Henchman: 1 (0.7%), Thomas Knapp: 1 (0.7%), Nicholas Sarwark: 1 (0.7%)
- ^ Lincoln Chafee: 36 (12.8%), John McAfee: 10 (3.7%), Write-in: 8 (2.9%), Mark Whitney: 4 (1.4%), Arvin Vohra: 3 (1.1%), Keenan Dunham: 2 (0.7%), Souraya Faas: 2 (0.7%), Benjamin Leder: 1 (0.4%), John Monds: 1 (0.4%)
- ^ The New Mexico primary was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and was therefore held after Jo Jorgensen received the Libertarian Party nomination on May 23.[188][189]
- ^ Chafee addressed the convention before the debate.
- ^ NOTA with 3%
- ^ NOTA with 1%
- ^ NOTA with 10%
- ^ NOTA with 6%; Benjamin Leder with 1%
- ^ NOTA with 12%
- ^ NOTA/write-in with 14.5%; Jedi Hill with 1%; Keenan Dunham with 0.5%; Ben Leder with 0.5%
- ^ Ranked Choice Voting
- ^ Without Amash
- ^ None of the Above with 3.7%; Vohra with 2.3%; Behrman with 1.4%; Robb with 0.9%; Brian Ellison with no votes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i No votes exhausted
- ^ None of the Above with 3.7%; Vohra with 2.3%; Behrman with 1.4%; Robb with 0.9%
- ^ None of the Above with 3.7%; Vohra with 2.3%; Behrman with 1.4%
- ^ None of the Above with 3.7%; Vohra with 2.6%
- ^ None of the Above with 3.7%
- ^ 6 votes exhausted
- ^ a b 12 votes exhausted
- ^ 13 votes exhausted
- ^ a b 29 votes exhausted
- ^ 46 votes exhausted
- ^ Vohra with 2.3%; None of the Above with 1.4%; Behra and Robb with 0.9%; Brian Ellison with no votes
- ^ Vohra with 2.3%; None of the Above with 1.4%; Behra and Robb with 0.9%
- ^ Vohra with 2.3%; None of the Above with 1.4%; Robb with 1.2%
- ^ Vohra with 2.3%; None of the Above with 1.4%
- ^ Vohra with 2.3%
- ^ a b c 3 votes exhausted
- ^ 5 votes exhausted
- ^ 40 votes exhausted
- ^ Armstrong's most recent financial report was for the period ending December 31, 2019.
- ^ Ruff's most recent financial report was for the period ending September 30, 2019.
- ^ Supreme's most recent financial report was for the period ending September 30, 2019.
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h *Shields, Brian (January 14, 2020). "Results – 2020 Libertarian Presidential Preference Primary". Libertarian Party of New Hampshire. Archived from the original on February 27, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
- Howe, Joseph (February 8, 2020). "Libertarian Party Of Iowa Presidential Caucus Winner And Results". Libertarian Party of Iowa. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
- "We had ranked choice voting for our caucus, but a lot of people are interested in our first choice vote totals. This is how it broke down statewide". Libertarian Party of Minnesota. Facebook. February 26, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
- "Summary of Statement of Vote" (PDF). Presidential Primary Election – Statement of Vote, March 3, 2020. California Secretary of State. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
- "2020 President Libertarian Primary". Massachusetts Election Statistics. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. March 3, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
- "Presidential Preference – LIB (Vote for 1)". Official Local Election Results – Statewide. North Carolina State Board of Elections. March 3, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
- "Presidential Primary Election, March 10, 2020". State of Missouri – Election Night Results. Missouri Secretary of State. April 9, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
- "2020 Ohio presidential caucus". Vote Free Ohio. Libertarian Party of Ohio. April 11, 2020. Archived from the original on April 15, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
- "Libertarian Party of Connecticut Presidential Primary 2020". OpaVote. Libertarian Party of Connecticut. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
- "For President of the United States – Libertarian". Unofficial Primary Results – May 12, 2020. Nebraska Secretary of State. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
- "Official Results Primary Election – June 2, 2020". New Mexico – Election Night Results. New Mexico Secretary of State. June 19, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
- ^ Doherty, Brian (May 9, 2020). "Libertarian Party To Choose Its Presidential Ticket in Virtual Vote Over Memorial Day Weekend". Reason. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
- ^ a b c d Winger, Richard (May 23, 2020). "Jo Jorgensen Wins Libertarian Presidential Nomination on Fourth Vote". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
- ^ Steinhauser, Paul (May 25, 2020). "Libertarians pick first female presidential nominee". Fox News. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
- ^ a b c Winger, Richard (May 24, 2020). "Libertarian Party Nominates Spike Cohen for Vice-President". Ballot Access News. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
- ^ Doherty, Brian; Welch, Matt (February 2017). "Did the Libertarian Party Blow It in 2016?". Reason. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ^ "Gary Johnson on Running in 2020 & Aleppo". YouTube. October 20, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ^ "FEC Form 2 : Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). Docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
- ^ Bring, Daniel M. (September 5, 2019). "The race for the Libertarian nomination". Spectator USA. Archived from the original on April 20, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
- ^ "FEC Form 2 : Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). Docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- ^ a b c LNC Convention Day 2. LibertarianParty. May 24, 2020. Archived from the original on November 18, 2022. Retrieved January 15, 2023 – via YouTube.
- ^ a b Welch, Matt (November 7, 2019). "Candidates Vie to Represent the Libertarian Wing of the Libertarian Party". Reason. Retrieved November 17, 2019.
- ^ a b "FEC Form 2 : Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). Docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
- ^ Vermin Supreme (TM) [@VerminSupreme] (December 18, 2019). "Please Meet my Vice President Spike Cohen. https://t.co/bfWLcYuM4T https://t.co/bfWLcYuM4T" (Tweet). Archived from the original on December 24, 2022. Retrieved January 15, 2023 – via Twitter.
- ^ Adam Kokesh vs Vermin Supreme 2020. AdamKokesh. May 28, 2018. Archived from the original on November 15, 2022. Retrieved January 15, 2023 – via YouTube.
- ^ "FEC Form 2 : Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). Docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved March 19, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Welch, Matt (April 13, 2020). "Judge Jim Gray To Seek Libertarian Presidential Nomination". Reason. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ a b "FEC Form 2 : Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). Docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
- ^ a b Dan 𝙏𝙖𝙭𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙄𝙨 𝙏𝙝𝙚𝙛𝙩 Behrman 🍍 [@DanForTexas] (May 23, 2020). "I did not make the ballot for the LP POTUS Nomination. I am changing my campaign affiliation to independent and will continue this race until the general election. I endorse @VerminSupreme for the Libertarian nomination as worthy opponents in the general election" (Tweet). Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved January 15, 2023 – via Twitter.
- ^ Behrman, Dan "Taxation Is Theft". "Dan "Taxation Is Theft" Behrman". behrman2020.com.
- ^ a b Robb. "FEC Form 2" (PDF).
- ^ Frankel, Paul (May 23, 2020). "Jorgensen: Steve Dasbach, Elizabeth Brierly, Sam Robb..." Independent Political Report. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
- ^ Clark, Bob (November 8, 2019). "Libertarians to host presidential debate in Olean on Saturday". Olean Times Herald. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
- ^ "Faas, Souraya". FEC.gov. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ "I endorse @VerminSupreme as the @LPNational nominee,b/c his heart is in the right place & although this whole nomination process has been a circus,Vermin is no joke & is serious about wanting to make difference". May 23, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2020 – via Twitter.com.
- ^ Welch, Matt (May 29, 2019). "Libertarian Presidential Candidates, on a Possible Justin Amash Run: 'That Would Be Amazing'". Reason. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
- ^ "Souraya Faas". Facebook.
- ^ a b "Gerhardt, Erik Chase". FEC.gov. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
- ^ "Erik Gerhardt For President". Erik Gerhardt 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
- ^ "Erik Gerhardt". Facebook.
- ^ a b "Dunham, Keenan Wallace Candidate For President". Fec.gov. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
- ^ "Keenan Wallace Dunham Candidacy Press Release". Think-liberty.com. November 6, 2018. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
- ^ Doherty, Brian (June 26, 2019). "John McAfee, Libertarian Party Presidential Hopeful, Is Running His Campaign-in-Exile from Cuba". Reason. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
- ^ McAfee, John [@officialmcafee] (September 13, 2019). "Yes. I'm still running for President. Please! Be warned. https://t.co/gYYIyqGGHk" (Tweet). Archived from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved January 15, 2023 – via Twitter.
- ^ "FEC Form 2 : Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). Docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
- ^ a b "Libertarian presidential hopefuls: Now there are 2 … or 3?". Libertarian Party. July 3, 2018. Archived from the original on July 5, 2018. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- ^ "FEC Form 2: Statement of Candidacy". Federal Electoral Commission. June 6, 2019. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
- ^ Welch, Matt (February 26, 2020). "Libertarian Presidential Candidates Champion 'Open Borders'". Reason. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
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