Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktakular

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Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktakular
Various characters imposed on a black background: a girl wearing a crown and a purple and pink ballet dress (bottom left), a ghost cat with yellow flashing eyes (bottom center), a werewolf wearing a blue button-up shirt with sheep on it (bottom right), a five-eyed purple monster with sharp teeth (middle left) and a smiling witch with a pointy noise, pointy hat, black wings, and a black skirt (top right). On the top left is green-and-white text surrounded by spider-web icons stating, "SCARY GODMOTHER HALLOWEEN SPOOKTAKULAR".
Directed byEzekiel Norton
Written byHeath Corson
Jill Thompson
Based onScary Godmother
by Jill Thompson
Produced byKevin Gamble
Sharan Wood
StarringGarry Chalk
Noel Callahan
Alex Doduk
Brittney Irvine
Britt McKillip
Danny McKinnon
Scott McNeil
Adam Pospisil
Tabitha St. Germain
Edited byAnne Hoerber
Patrick Carroll
William Lau
Craig Mcewen
Music byRobert Buckley
Production
company
Release date
July 18, 2003 (SDCC)
Running time
48 minutes[1]
CountryCanada

Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktakular is a 2003 Canadian animated Halloween comedy film based on the Scary Godmother series of books by Jill Thompson, specifically a community theater stage production of the first book. The special depicts Hannah, while trick-or-treating with her cousin Jimmy and his friends, encountering the titular witch and her many friends for a Halloween party at the Fright Side. It stars Canadian voice actors Tabitha St. Germain, Britt McKillip, Garry Chalk, Noel Callahan, Alex Doduk, Brittney Irvine, Danny McKinnon, Scott McNeil and Adam Pospisil. It was directed by Zeke Norton (credited as Ezekiel Norton) and produced by Kevin Gamble and Sharan Wood with heavy involvement by Thompson.

Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktakular was produced by Vancouver-based animation company Mainframe Entertainment, notable for other computer-animated television series such as ReBoot (1994–2001), and was the company's first production to use a Softimage XSI pipeline as previously they used Softimage 3D; its animation consists of 3D characters and backgrounds that appear 2D (although most of them were actually modeled in 3D and cartoon-edged to appear like 2D watercolored backgrounds a la the source material). The special was meant to launch an episodic Scary Godmother series, but the only other Scary Godmother media that has been released is the studio's sequel to the special, Scary Godmother: The Revenge of Jimmy (2005); as of October 2020, a series is still in the works according to Norton and Thompson.

Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktakular premiered at the San Diego Comic-Con on July 18, 2003 before it was released to region 1 DVD on September 3. It aired during that year's Halloween season in most territories except the United States, where it premiered on television the following year on Cartoon Network on October 1, 2004. The special was a ratings hit on its U.S. television premiere, well received by critics, and won Leo Awards for the program itself as well as its score and direction. It, along with The Revenge of Jimmy, continued to re-air every Halloween season on Cartoon Network in later years.

Plot[edit]

Actor Character(s)[2]
Tabitha St. Germain Scary Godmother, Countess Ruby
Britt McKillip Hannah Marie
Alex Doduk Jimmy
Scott McNeil Mr. Skully Pettibone, Count Max
Garry Chalk Bug-A-Boo, Harry
Adam Pospisil Orson
Danny McKinnon Bert
Noel Callahan Daryl
Brittney Irvine Katie

On Halloween night, Hannah Marie, dressed as a fairy princess, is about to go trick-or-treating with her spoiled cousin, Jimmy, wearing a devil hoodie, and his friends Katie, dressed as a black cat, Daryl, in a candy piece costume, and Bert, pretending to be a baseball player driving inside a powerful SUV that can shoot atomic lasers. Jimmy, annoyed with having to go with Hannah, conceives a prank to scare her home. While near an abandoned house in a graveyard, Jimmy concocts a myth about residents at the house (the "spook house") not feeding candy to monsters surrounding its exterior and being eaten as a result; ever since, candy has to be in the basement every year to prevent the monsters from killing other children in the world. Jimmy tells Hannah to go in the house and leave some candy. A frightened Hannah walks in the front door while the other kids lock her inside.

Inside, a friendly witch, along with her ghost cat, magically appears in front of Hannah and introduces herself as the Scary Godmother. She takes her on a broomstick ride to the Fright Side, a place where the Godmother's other friends live: Mr. Skully Pettibone the skeleton, Harry the werewolf, a fuzzy monster that works scaring kids named Bug-A-Boo, and a vampire family of parents Count Max and Countess Ruby, and son Orson. They are having another annual Halloween party, described by Pettibone as the most "spooky phantom fest in the whole realm". Although at first frightened of the monsters, Hannah eventually warms up to them and parties. Antics include dancing, a chase throughout the house by most of the guests, bonding between Orson and Hannah, and Harry annoying the other participants by eating most of the food and talking a lot.

Outside of the "spook house", Jimmy, Katie, Bert, and Daryl have waited for hours for Hannah to get out. The typical trick-or-treating time has passed, and Bert, Daryl, and Katie all become worried about Jimmy's legend being true and Hannah's life in danger. They demand to go in and get Hannah, but Jimmy, out of nowhere, insists there's no monsters, declares himself the "leader" by winning a rock, paper, scissors game, and temporarily rules they all wait for Hannah longer. However, Jimmy's attitude quickly changes, and all four kids enter the house to look for Hannah.

Near the end of the party, Hannah tells the guests about the myth Jimmy told her. Jimmy's name rings a bell to Bug-A-Boo, who scares Jimmy every other Thursday; the monster is angry with Jimmy because he spreads rumors that Bug-A-Boo eats little girls. Scary Godmother and her friends decide to play a prank on Jimmy and his goons in response, which ends with Hannah pretending to scare away the monsters. The kids take the monsters as real and bolt out of the house. Before Hannah leaves, the Godmother gives her a skeleton key to go back to the Fright Side anytime.

Background and development[edit]

Jill Thompson's Scary Godmother series of books began in 1997[3] out of the author's obsession with Halloween and to add a "twisted-friendly" solution to the children's book market: "I wanted there to be a little Addams Family-esque attitude in there. I've always been drawn to things that were a little bit more black comedy".[4] It became a mainstream success, which another artist and writer on comics Scott McCloud attributed to its "enlightened, mature fantasy" genre unusual in the mid-1990s: "Scary Godmother just hit that perfect note. It was so enjoyable, stylish, but it didn't feel homogenized or robbed of vitality".[4]

Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktakular is based on a stage production of the first Scary Godmother book done by Thompson and Runamuck Productions that ran at a Chicago community theater in 2001.[4][5] The special features longer shots that most other animated films, each lasting between 15 and 45 seconds, a decision by director Zeke Norton to emphasize the dialog's humor he noticed in the stage show.[5][6]

In July 1999, Mainframe Entertainment garnered option rights to produce a Scary Godmother television series.[3] Initially, Mainframe's plan was a series for girls 8–11 with a budget of $350,000 for each of the 26-half-hour episodes.[7] By 2001, the number of planned episodes for the first season was 13.[8] Later on, conflicting opinions arose between staff over what Scary Godmother content to produce; some, such as Mainframe vice president Kim Dent Wilder, felt it was better long-term to make a television series, while others thought the books would not work as an episodic show but rather as specials.[5] To appeal to both sides, Mainframe decided to have a special that increased interest in a series and introduced the setting and characters for it.[5] While the only Scary Godmother media Mainframe has released is two specials, Halloween Spooktakular and The Revenge of Jimmy (2005), Norton and Thompson revealed in October 2020 that a television series was still in the works.[9]

Production[edit]

Workflow[edit]

Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktakular entered pre-production in January 2002 before beginning what would be eight months of production in July.[10][6] The production team went from 25 animators, including "10 people who were there for most of it", to 50 individuals that included those working in-between other projects.[11] Thompson was heavily involved in the development and production: "I co-wrote the show, worked as an editor, I directed art, I illustrated expression sheets, chose voices, suggested music, designed sets, [and] painted backgrounds (or anything else that was needed or helpful)".[10] She was in her Chicago studio during production, so she faxed drawings and paintings to Norton while Mainframe sent videotapes of progress to the artist, which included storyboards, wireframe animations, and fully-rendered visuals.[12] As the special was an hour-long project produced by a small crew testing new software, Mainframe's production protocol was altered significantly; for example, details about shots, such as quantities of them and their order of appearance, were documented on a gigantic whiteboard, whereas before the staff would learn about them during editing.[13]

Casting[edit]

A man with a cowboy hat, long hair, and a coat
A blonde-haired man with glasses and a striped shirt
A woman with red hair, glasses atop her head, and a green shit sitting with one of her hands on her mouth.
Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktakular's limited budget meant voice actors such as Scott McNeil (left), Garry Chalk (middle) and Tabitha St. Germain (right) were cast for multiple characters.

As with prior Mainframe projects, all actors were cast locally from Vancouver (some of whom had previously voiced in works by the animation studio) and recorded together in the same room.[14] To get around the limited budget, some actors were hired to voice two characters each; Tabitha St. Germain was cast as Scary Godmother and Countess Ruby, Garry Chalk played Bug-a-Boo and Harry, and Scott McNeil portrayed Mr. Skully Pettibone and Count Max.[15]

Most of the actresses that auditioned for the Scary Godmother put on, in Thompson's opinion, a creepy "Wicked Witch type of voice" unsuitable for the character; this was also the case with auditions for the stage show.[16] Thompson described the witch as enthusiastic and only a little goofier than the average person, and she felt St. Germain's voice matched it.[17]

Harry, who is an item collector and comic book fanatic, was based on fans of Thompson's work who were also collectors, thus she looked for someone that could replicate indescribable speech patterns common with them.[18] The affectations were based the most on one fan who she described in a published interview as into "creepy fan art drawings" but refused to reveal his name to not embarrass him; at a convention, the fan was upset at Thompson for not mentioning him.[19]

Animation[edit]

A red-hair woman wearing a black shirt and signing a book, with several other people behind her.
Scary Godmother series author Jill Thompson in 2011. She contributed her own paintings to the production, which would be used both as 2D image layers and textures on 3D sets.

Mainframe produced Halloween Spooktakular with 12 iterations of a new SoftimageXSI pipeline, moving away from Softimage 3D.[6][20] Rendering was done with Mental Ray, while layers were composited together with XSI's FX Tree; the maximum number of layers for a shot was 30.[6] The pipeline also had a setup where shots could be archived, re-looked at, and altered.[6] 20 Hewlett-Packard and Dell computers running on a Linux operating system were utilized.[6][11] Most backgrounds were modeled in 3D, with geometry sculpted with XSI and texturing done with GIMP and Photoshop; one method of replicating the source material's visual style was through black edging 3D objects with XSI's Toon Shader.[6] There were also 2D animated backgrounds created with After Effects for the flash-animated "treats" scene, the dance, and the Scary Godmother's special recipe conjure.[6] Thompson provided her own artwork for 2D images and 3D background textures;[6][11] she watercolor-painted four angles of 3D sets first before parts of them were used as textures.[11]

Being animated in key frames, the film's long shot lengths called for XSI's Animation Mixer, which allowed for the re-use and "blend[ing]" together of cycles; this was especially useful for the dance and chase scenes in the Godmother's home. As Norton explained: "We could quickly throw the characters together in a scene with general [animation] cycles, choose the spots where specific keyframed animation was needed, and then use the Animation Mixer to smoothly blend in the [new] movement".[6] Animation Mixer was also used to blend and re-use facial expressions created with the lip-syncing tool Grimace.[6] Indian dances, the Peanuts specials, the dream scene from The Big Lebowski (1998), and Scooby-Doo cartoons from the 1960s and 1970s were references for animating the dance sequence.[21]

Fur was not only added to all of Harry and Bugaboo, but also on the Godmother's hair and skirt and Hannah's tutu.[6] Due to Mainframe's originally-programmed fur-texturing software not being compatible with the new pipeline, XSI's built-in fur simulation was employed instead.[6] The fur was the most difficult part of animating the special, particularly when it came to Bugaboo; because he was animated with several complex forward and inverse kinematics, "the extreme poses often made the hair do interesting things that we didn't want it to do, such as sticking straight up or even protruding through the character's mouth", according to Norton.[6] These issues were hidden with FX Tree.[6] The clouds seen during Hannah's flight with the Scary Godmother were another major challenge; they were modeled by displacement mapping simple sheets and balls, before FX Tree added several turbulent distortion, swirl, and blur effects to make them look fluffy and light.[6] The clouds were presented by Softmage as part of an FX Tree showcase for the 2003 SIGGRAPH event.[6]

Visual style[edit]

Four kids stand around in the dark on a graveyard with several gravestones close to the line between it and a regular street. From left to right, a black kid with a red cap, white shirt, blue jeans, and red sleeves inside a cardboard box, a blonde-haired boy wearing a green shirt, blue jeans, and a red piece of attire surrounding his body, a girl in an all-black suit with dark hair and cat ears, little girl with a crown, purple skirt and shirt, and pink sleeves, and a blonde-haired boy with ram horns wearing a red hoodie.
Hannah, Jimmy, Bret, Daryl, and Katie all meeting each other at a graveyard. The characters are animated in typical 3D CGI, while objects in the backgrounds are black-edged to give them a 2D cartoon feel.[6]

In a 2001 interview, Dan DiDio, Mainframe's senior VP of creative affairs, admitted other investors were holding television computer-animated productions to the same standard as theatrical films; to avoid these comparisons, the company stylized their animation with productions like Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktakular.[22] It was the first production where Mainframe used proprietary software; this led to more flexibility and tools to experiment, making it easier to achieve a unique visual style that Karen Moltenbrey of Computer Graphics World categorized as more reminiscent of The Nightmare Before Christmas (1994) than modern 3D computer-animated films.[6]

The company's initial vision was being animated entirely in the same 2D watercolor painting style as the books, but Thompson decided that her characters be animated in 3D, a decision influenced by her love of stop-motion films such as The Nightmare Before Christmas; the final result was 3D CGI characters animated in front of what looked like still, 2D hand-drawn watercolor backgrounds (although most of them were modeled in 3D).[6][11] Moltenbrey wrote that this diversity extended to the character designs, from the wide-eyed, anime look of Hannah to the simplistic style used for Jimmy and his friends to the softer, more sophisticated appearance of the creatures.[6] One character design liberty was with Pettibone, who wore clothes in the books so Thompson did not have to draw his rib cage but wore nothing in the special as animating cloth would have required too much processing power.[23]

Release[edit]

In addition to a sneak peek trailer on Mainframe's website, Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktakular was promoted with tie-ins from Halloween shops and candy producers.[24] The special premiered at the 2003 San Diego Comic-Con on July 18 to favorable audience reception reported by Comic Book Resources: "As the special continued, there was more applause each time a familiar character appeared onscreen, with the biggest hand going to the arrival of the show's title character. It was clear the show was a hit from the start with this audience of devoted Thompson fans, with lots of laughter and appreciative applause and cheers throughout".[25] It was also screened on Halloween at the Biograph Theatre for the first animation event of the Chicago International Film Festival,[26][27] and on Halloween 2004 at the ION International Animation, Gaming and Short Film Festival as part of the annual event's "Kids Day".[28]

Halloween Spooktakular was released on region 1 DVD on September 3,[29] before making television debuts in Canada, Europe, and Latin America in October of that year.[6] It aired in Canada on three afternoons on the YTV channel (October 26, 30, and 31)[30] and on Disney International networks in Asia, Latin America, Germany, and Italy.[11] It had its first television screening in the United States on Cartoon Network on October 1, 2004,[31] and re-aired that month three times (October 12, 29, and 31).[32][31] Also in the United States, it was released to DVD in September in two editions, one of which came with a glow-stick.[33]

The special, along with The Revenge of Jimmy became an annual tradition for Cartoon Network to air during the Halloween season,[34][35][36][37] with the latest reported airing being in October 2012.[38] It was also included on compilation DVDs, including a PAL region Kids' Collection release alongside The Happy Elf (2005) and Everyone's Hero (2006)[39] and Lionsgate's 2014 Kids Halloween 4-Pack that also featured The Revenge of Jimmy and two episodes from other cartoon series ("Eloise's Rawther Unusual Halloween" and "Wubbzy Goes Boo!").[40] Both Scary Godmother specials became available on the Canadian streaming service Crave in October 2020.[41]

Reception[edit]

Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktakular, on its first United States airing, was the most-viewed cable program with kids 6-11, boys 6-11, kids 2-11 and boys 2-11; with 1,051,000 viewers from the kids 6-11 demographic, it was the highest-rated Cartoon Network special of 2004 with kids 6-11, boys 6-11 and boys 2-11, and improved viewership with kids 6-11 by 55% and its rating 54%.[31] The special won three Leo Awards; Brett Gannon, Kim Dent Wilder, Phil Mitchell, Sharan Wood and Kevin Gamble won Best Animation Program or Series, Robert Buckley received the Best Musical Score accolade, and Ezekiel Norton received an award for Best Direction/Storyboarding in an Animation Program or Series.[42]

Critical reviews of Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktakular were also generally positive, critics calling it "a little dark, a little scary and fun",[43] and "an instant classic".[44] Its character designs were praised as "eye-catching" by Tim Clodfelter despite its "limited" animation quality,[45] and considered high-class for Mainframe's otherwise "pedestrian" standards by ICv2.[46] Chris Hicks, writing for the Deseret News, favorably noted the "witty" dialogue and voice acting,[47] while Clodfelter praised the characters, particularly highlighting Harry.[45] Ellen Fox of the Chicago Tribune, however, was turned off by its overabundance of content: "Between the chirpy dialogue, busy backgrounds, jerky limb movements and campy monsters (like the skeleton in the closet), it's like a marionette show put on by drag queens".[27]

In 2020, the special re-surged in popularity with the prevalence of TikTok videos of people syncing to the show's audio or dressing up as characters from the special.[48]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ "Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktakular (2008)". The Numbers. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  2. ^ "Scary Godmother Halloween Spooktakular". Behind the Voice Actors. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  3. ^ a b Kilmer, David (July 28, 1999). "Mainframe will develop SCARY GODMOTHER". Animation World Network. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c K. Elder, Robert (October 21, 2001). "No sign of stage fright". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d "Mainframe's Scary Godmother". Comics Continuum. January 29, 2002. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Moltenbrey, Karen (October 2003). "Witches Brew". Computer Graphics World. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  7. ^ Barker, Kate (September 1, 1999). "Cool new girl shows". Kidscreen. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  8. ^ Behrens, Web (September 21, 2001). "From under the bed to on the stage". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  9. ^ Mainframe 2020, 59:57–1:02:03.
  10. ^ a b Landers, Carrie (June 2003). "Jill Thompson – Scary Godmother: At Death's Door!". Sequential Tart. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  11. ^ a b c d e f McGorry, Ken (October 1, 2003). "The Godmother". Post. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  12. ^ Mainframe 2020, 3:38–6:20.
  13. ^ Mainframe 2020, 7:23–9:16.
  14. ^ Mainframe 2020, 31:49–32:09.
  15. ^ Mainframe 2020, 26:50–27:23.
  16. ^ Mainframe 2020, 27:24–27:58.
  17. ^ Mainframe 2020, 27:57–28:17.
  18. ^ Mainframe 2020, 29:39–30:01.
  19. ^ Mainframe 2020, 30:16–31:13.
  20. ^ Baisley, Sarah (April 7, 2003). "Mainframe Completes CGI Scary Godmother Special Using SOFTIMAGEXSI". Animation World Network. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  21. ^ Mainframe 2020, 52:44–54:12.
  22. ^ Beck, Jerry (May 1, 2001). "New artist-driven CGI refreshes kids programming". Kidscreen. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  23. ^ Mainframe 2020, 17:54–21:19.
  24. ^ Worley, Rob (April 8, 2003). "Comics2Film Wrap for April 8th, 2003". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  25. ^ Hatcher, Greg (July 19, 2003). "SAN DIEGO, DAY TWO: 'Scary Godmother Animated Special' premieres at CCI". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  26. ^ K. Elder, Robert (November 6, 2003). "Scary Godmother tale debuts at animated fest". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  27. ^ a b Fox, Ellen (November 7, 2003). "Cineme's fare is far from cartoonish". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  28. ^ Ball, Ryan (October 21, 2004). "ION Fest to Honor DPS Film Roman, Fleischer". Animation World Network. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  29. ^ "Scary Godmother Update". Comics Continuum. August 16, 2003. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  30. ^ "Scary Godmother Takes Halloween by Surprise". Corus Entertainment. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  31. ^ a b c "Scary Godmother a Hit". Comics Continuum. October 5, 2004. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  32. ^ "Briefly". Comics Continuum. October 8, 2004. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  33. ^ "Scary Godmother on Cartoon Network". ICv2. September 9, 2004. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  34. ^ "New Scary Godmother Special". Comics Continuum. September 29, 2005. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  35. ^ "Scary Godmother on Cartoon Network". Comics Continuum. September 22, 2006. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  36. ^ "Scary Godmother on Cartoon Network". Comics Continuum. October 8, 2007. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  37. ^ "Briefly". Comics Continuum. October 2, 2011. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  38. ^ Arrant, Chris (September 28, 2012). "Cartoon Network Celebrates Halloween All October with Brand New Original Specials". Cartoon Brew. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  39. ^ "Kids' Collection (Happy Elf/Everyone's Hero/Scary Godmother) [DVD]". Amazon. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  40. ^ "Kids Halloween 4-Pack". Amazon. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  41. ^ @MainframeAnim (October 30, 2020). "Bringing back those childhood memories! Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktakular and The Revenge of Jimmy is now streaming on @CraveCanada! Enjoy. #ScaryGodmother #HalloweenMovies #HalloweenAtHome" (Tweet). Retrieved November 13, 2020 – via Twitter.
  42. ^ Baisley, Sarah (June 29, 2004). "Mainframe and Studio B Win Lion's Share of Leo Awards". Animation World Network. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  43. ^ Ratliff, Larry (October 29, 2004). "Horror classics, new thrillers to die for". San Antonio Express-News (Metro ed.). p. 4H.
  44. ^ Kluger, Bruce (October 2004). "Halloween Treats For The Whole Family". Parenting. Vol. XVIII, no. 9. p. 234.
  45. ^ a b Clodfelter, Tim (October 28, 2004). "Kids Will Enjoy Some Not-So-Scary Halloween Videos". Winston-Salem Journal (Metro ed.). p. 33.
  46. ^ "'Scary Godmother: The Revenge of Jimmy'". ICv2. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  47. ^ Hicks, Chris (September 20, 2004). "Chris Hicks: Kids' DVDs feature barn animals, G.I. Joe". Deseret News. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  48. ^ Mainframe 2020, 22:09–22:52.

Videos[edit]

External links[edit]

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