Sonic Adventure 2

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Sonic Adventure 2
Developer(s)Sonic Team USA
Publisher(s)Sega
Director(s)Takashi Iizuka
Producer(s)Yuji Naka
Designer(s)
  • Takashi Iizuka
  • Eitaro Toyoda
Programmer(s)Tetsu Katano
Artist(s)Kazuyuki Hoshino
Writer(s)Shiro Maekawa
Composer(s)
SeriesSonic the Hedgehog
Platform(s)
Release
June 19, 2001
  • Dreamcast
    • NA: June 19, 2001
    • WW: June 23, 2001
    GameCube
    • JP: December 20, 2001
    • NA: February 12, 2002
    • PAL: May 3, 2002
    PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
    • WW: October 2, 2012
    Windows
    • WW: November 20, 2012
Genre(s)Platform, multidirectional shooter, action-adventure
Mode(s)Single-player, multiplayer

Sonic Adventure 2[a] is a 2001 platform game developed by Sonic Team USA and published by Sega for the Dreamcast. It features two good-vs-evil stories: Sonic the Hedgehog, Miles "Tails" Prower, and Knuckles the Echidna attempt to save the world, while Shadow the Hedgehog, Doctor Eggman, and Rouge the Bat attempt to conquer it. The stories are divided into three gameplay styles: fast-paced platforming for Sonic and Shadow, multidirectional shooting for Tails and Eggman, and action-adventure exploration for Knuckles and Rouge. Like previous Sonic the Hedgehog games, the player completes levels while collecting rings and defeating enemies. Outside the main gameplay, they can interact with Chao, a virtual pet, and compete in multiplayer battles.

After Sonic Adventure (1998), Sonic Team was downsized and a portion of the staff moved to San Francisco to establish Sonic Team USA. They worked on Adventure 2 for a year and a half, with Takashi Iizuka directing and Yuji Naka producing. Developed during a tumultuous period in Sega's history, Adventure 2 had a significantly smaller development team than the first game. Sonic Team USA streamlined the design to emphasize faster, more action-oriented gameplay giving each character roughly equal gameplay time. The levels were influenced by American locations such as San Francisco and Yosemite National Park. The soundtrack—composed by Jun Senoue, Fumie Kumatani, Tomoya Ohtani, and Kenichi Tokoi—spans genres including pop-punk, glam metal, rap music, and orchestral arrangements, and features several metal singers.

Sonic Adventure 2 was released in June 2001, coinciding with the franchise's tenth anniversary. It was the final Sonic game for a Sega console, released in the months after Sega discontinued the Dreamcast and transitioned to third-party development. As a result, a port for the GameCube, released later in 2001, became the first Sonic game for a Nintendo console. Adventure 2 received positive reviews, with praise for its gameplay variety, visuals, and music but criticism for its camera, voice acting, and plot. Although reviews for the GameCube port were more mixed, it sold 1.7 million copies worldwide, becoming one of the bestselling GameCube games and the bestselling third-party game. Following Adventure 2, Sonic became a multiplatform franchise, beginning with Sonic Heroes (2003).

Sonic Adventure 2 has been described as one of the most important Sonic games for introducing the franchise to a wider audience with its GameCube port. It introduced characters and elements used in later games; Shadow became one of the most popular Sonic characters and featured in the spin-off Shadow the Hedgehog in 2005. Adventure 2 remains popular among Sonic fans and was rereleased for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Windows in 2012. It has been ranked among the best Sonic games, although some retrospective reviewers felt it introduced elements that harmed the quality of subsequent games. Its story has been adapted across different forms of media, including in the anime series Sonic X (2003–2006) and the live-action film Sonic the Hedgehog 3 (2024).

Gameplay[edit]

The three gameplay styles of Sonic Adventure 2 (from top to bottom, left to right): fast-paced platforming for Sonic and Shadow; multidirectional shooting for Tails and Doctor Eggman; and action-adventure exploration for Knuckles and Rouge

Sonic Adventure 2 is a 3D platform game divided into two campaigns: Hero and Dark. In the Hero campaign, players control Sonic, Tails, and Knuckles, who fight to save the world; in the Dark campaign, players control Shadow the Hedgehog, Doctor Eggman and Rouge the Bat, fighting to conquer it. Each campaign cycles through levels of its three characters, telling different sides of the story. Levels have a variety of themes (such as cities, jungles, desert pyramids and outer space),[1] with some followed by boss fights. The two campaigns' stories occur in parallel; completing both campaigns unlocks a final story with all six characters, culminating in a final boss fight.[2]

Sonic and Shadow play fast-paced levels, emphasizing platforming.[3] Their homing attack can lock on to robots created by Eggman and G.U.N., and they can grind on rails. Tails's and Eggman's levels are slower and oriented towards multidirectional shooting; they are confined to mechs in which they can jump short heights, hover and shoot enemies. Knuckles's and Rouge's levels are open and feature action-adventure gameplay with treasure hunting; in each level, they must find three shards of the Master Emerald. Their search is guided by radar and puzzle-based clues from harmless robots.[2] Knuckles and Rouge can glide, defeat enemies with punches and kicks,[3] and scale walls, digging into them to find power-ups.[4]

Adventure 2 has the health system found in many other Sonic games. The player collects rings scattered throughout the levels; being hit by an enemy while holding rings causes the player to drop them all, while being hit without rings causes them to lose a life. Tails and Eggman have health bars, which are slowly refilled by collecting rings. Dying with no lives results in a game over screen.[5] The characters can obtain permanent upgrades that grant them new abilities; for example, one upgrade allows Sonic and Shadow to dash along a sequential trail of rings to reach distant platforms, one gives Tails and Eggman hover jets that slows their descent to cross large gaps, while another lets Knuckles and Rouge dig into the ground to uncover treasure and Master Emerald pieces.[6]

Separate from the main campaigns, the player can raise Chao as virtual pets.[2] They have five attributes (Swim, Fly, Run, Power and Stamina) and a moral continuum from Hero to Dark. From the moment they hatch, their stats can be increased with Chaos Drives or small animals, found in the main stages, which empower them to compete in karate[7] and racing minigames.[3] Their alignment gradually changes based on their affection for the characters; for example, a Chao which likes Tails will gradually become more heroic. Playing with Chao increases affection, and when a Chao becomes fully Hero or Dark, it assumes that form permanently.[8] Although Chao eventually die, if they receive enough affection during their lives they reincarnate.[9]

Adventure 2 has 180 emblems, earned for a variety of tasks.[10] Each level has five missions; only the first is required to continue the campaign, and other missions include completing a harder version of a level and collecting 100 rings. The player earns emblems by completing missions and other tasks, many related to Chao raising. Collecting all the emblems unlocks a 3D version of the Green Hill Zone stage from the original Sonic the Hedgehog.[11]

The game has several two-player modes. Players may race on foot through new (or altered) levels, have shoot-'em-up battles in mechs,[3] hunt for Master Emerald shards[12] or race in go-karts.[3] A few characters are playable in these modes, but not in the main game; Tikal and Chaos from the original Sonic Adventure are playable in the treasure-hunting game,[13] as are Amy Rose and Metal Sonic in the foot-racing levels[14] and mechs piloted by Chao and Big the Cat (replaced by a Dark Chao in Battle) in the shooting levels.[15]

Plot[edit]

Doctor Eggman learns of a secret weapon from the diary of his grandfather, Professor Gerald Robotnik, and infiltrates a high-security Guardian Units of Nations (G.U.N.) facility to revive it with a Chaos Emerald. The weapon — Shadow, a black hedgehog who proclaims himself the "Ultimate Lifeform" — offers to help Eggman conquer the world, telling him to rendezvous at an abandoned space colony, the ARK, with more Chaos Emeralds. Shadow has vowed to fulfill a promise he made to his friend, Gerald's granddaughter Maria, before she died; the amnesiac Shadow interprets the promise as one of revenge. Shadow steals a Chaos Emerald, causing the public and G.U.N. to mistake him for Sonic due to their similar appearance, leading to the latter getting arrested.

Knuckles encounters Rouge and Eggman, who both try to steal the Master Emerald. He stops them by shattering it and searches for the scattered shards to repair it. Rouge, a government spy, heads to Eggman's base and the ARK. There, Shadow shows Eggman the Eclipse Cannon, another weapon created by Gerald, and discloses his plan: to charge the cannon with the Chaos Emeralds and use it to take over the world. Rouge joins forces with them, offering a Chaos Emerald to gain their trust. Tails and Amy infiltrate G.U.N.'s island base and rescue Sonic, while Eggman, Shadow, and Rouge collect three emeralds, blowing up the base in the process, though Sonic, Tails, and Amy manage to escape. Eggman makes a global broadcast in which he proclaims himself Earth's ruler and threatens to destroy the planet if his claim is not accepted within a day. He demonstrates the cannon's power by destroying half of the Moon. While avoiding G.U.N. forces, Sonic, Tails, Amy, and Knuckles use a Chaos Emerald to track the others to the ARK. They infiltrate Eggman's base and board a shuttle to the ARK, although Knuckles departs alone after his Master Emerald fragments fall out of the shuttle.

On the ARK, Tails reveals he has made a counterfeit Chaos Emerald to destroy the Eclipse Cannon. As Sonic is about to use it, Eggman captures Tails and Amy, forcing Sonic to return and rescue them. Sonic tries to trick Eggman with the fake emerald, but Eggman sees through the plan and jettisons him in an escape pod rigged with explosives. Sonic uses the power of the fake emerald, which virtually has the same amount of power as the real ones, to escape using Chaos Control; Shadow is sent to intercept him, while Tails battles and defeats Eggman. Eggman sneaks away from Tails and Amy with the last emerald and arms the Eclipse Cannon. However, the entire colony suddenly starts falling, and a prerecorded message from Gerald is broadcast globally: he programmed the ARK to collide with Earth if the emeralds were used, a retaliation against the government for condemning his research and killing his colleagues, including Maria. Everyone but Shadow works together to access the cannon's core and stop the ARK using the repaired Master Emerald.

Amy pleads for Shadow's help, allowing him to remember Maria's real promise to him to help mankind. Shadow catches up with Sonic and Knuckles in the core as they encounter the Biolizard, a prototype Ultimate Lifeform. Shadow repels it, allowing Knuckles to neutralize the Chaos Emeralds' power with the Master Emerald. The Biolizard uses Chaos Control to fuse with the cannon to continue the ARK's collision course. Sonic and Shadow use the emeralds to transform into their super forms, defeat the Biolizard, and use Chaos Control to put the ARK back into stable orbit. This depletes Shadow's energy and he plummets to Earth, content in fulfilling his promise to Maria. The people on Earth celebrate as the heroes return home, and Sonic bids Shadow farewell.

Development[edit]

Conception[edit]

A picture of Yuji Naka
A picture of Takashi Iizuka
Yuji Naka (left) and Takashi Iizuka (right) produced and directed Sonic Adventure 2, respectively.

Sonic Adventure, the first 3D platformer in Sega's Sonic the Hedgehog franchise, was developed by Sonic Team and released for the Dreamcast in Japan in 1998. Although the game was a critical and commercial success, Dreamcast sales struggled to meet Sega's expectations. The Adventure team was downsized,[16] and in 1999, 12 Sonic Team members, including Adventure's director Takashi Iizuka, relocated to San Francisco, California to establish Sonic Team USA.[17] Sega directed a team of 11—significantly smaller than Adventure's team of 120—to begin working on Sonic Adventure 2 after they spent six months localizing Adventure for the West.[16][18] As with the first game, Iizuka directed Adventure 2 while Yuji Naka, the Sonic franchise's co-creator, produced it.[18][19] The development lasted around a year and a half.[18]

Shiro Maekawa, who wrote portions of Sega's Panzer Dragoon Saga (1998) and joined Sonic Team during Adventure's production, conceived and wrote Adventure 2's story.[20] Maekawa accepted the role after he learned did not need to be an artist to create a story or storyboards. Because Adventure 2 would be the first Sonic game released during the 21st century, Maekawa wanted a substantial portion of the story to take place in space. The rest of Sonic Team was apprehensive, but Maekawa convinced them.[20] Maekawa drew influence from the manga and anime he had enjoyed since childhood, including Please Save My Earth (1986–1994).[20] As Maekawa disliked Sonic as a character, he used Adventure 2 as an opportunity to revise him to suit his tastes.[20]

Among Sonic Team's unimplemented concepts from Adventure was a black hedgehog who equaled or exceeded Sonic's coolness.[20][21] The idea was revived during Adventure 2's brainstorming sessions.[21] Sonic Team USA told Maekawa to turn the concept into a character, but he struggled until writing lines for a scene in which Sonic confronts the hedgehog for impersonating him. From here, Maekawa envisioned the hedgehog as a delicate, pure character who would refer to himself using the more humble Japanese pronoun boku (僕).[20] He was originally named Terios,[22] but was renamed Shadow after another new character, a bat, who became Rouge.[23] Sonic Team intended for Shadow to be a one-off character who would not appear in subsequent Sonic games.[22]

Design[edit]

Iizuka summarized Sonic Adventure 2's development as "trying to make the impossible possible", as Sonic Team USA had to overcome the challenge of creating a game comparable in scope to the first Adventure with less than a tenth of the staff.[16] Despite this, he considered Adventure 2 the most fun Sonic game to develop, as the small team meant "we were able to condense all the good elements from the previous game, and deliver a story and game that was satisfying to players everywhere".[24] Due to the smaller staff, Sonic Team USA split Adventure 2 into two campaigns featuring character teams instead of Adventure's format of six starring individual characters.[16] Adventure 2 uses the same game engine, with improved texture quality and collision detection.[25]

Aerial photo of hill in San Francisco, with many multistory buildings
Aerial photo of wooded valley between mountain ranges against a blue sky
Sonic Adventure 2's scenery was inspired by San Francisco (left) and Yosemite National Park (right).

Sonic Team designed Adventure 2 as faster and more action-oriented compared to the slower, more story-focused Adventure.[18] Whereas Sonic Team had tried to include as much content as possible in Adventure, for Adventure 2 they only concentrated on the elements they deemed necessary.[26] Iizuka noted that players who prioritized action found much of Adventure's content pointless, so for Adventure 2, Sonic Team USA sought to streamline the experience while retaining Adventure's "bulkiness".[27] They removed the hub worlds in favor of linear level progression more in line with the older Sonic games,[28] and divided action and exploration sequences among the characters rather than mixing them.[18] Each level was tailored for its character,[29] and unlike Adventure, in which some playable characters had short campaigns, all six Adventure 2 characters have roughly equal gameplay time.[18]

Iizuka said Adventure 2 was designed to have "more of an American flavor" than Adventure since it was developed in the US.[18] The art director, Kazuyuki Hoshino, noted Sonic was a character designed to appeal to Western sensibilities, and working in the US allowed Sonic Team USA to capture an American atmosphere more successfully than in Japan.[27] The levels, drawn from Maekawa's story and setting,[20] were inspired by San Francisco and other American locations, such as Yosemite National Park (where the team vacationed) and the San Francisco Bay Area. Iizuka said they did not intend to "create a simulation of San Francisco" but rather to reflect the influence of their surroundings.[18] The staff frequently received parking tickets from authorities; as a joke, they included the authorities' cars in a level where Sonic could destroy them.[27] The month Adventure 2 was to be released to manufacturing, one artist suggested adding Green Hill Zone, the original Sonic the Hedgehog's first stage. Iizuka liked the idea but expected the rest of the team to object, so he, the artist, and a programmer spent a week working on it separately.[27]

One of Sonic Team USA's goals was a frame rate of 60 frames per second,[30] to make the gameplay feel faster.[18] This required some design tweaks, but Naka said Sonic Team's experience with the Dreamcast hardware made it possible.[30] He felt that by then, Sonic Team had "gotten to the point where we can tap the full power of the console and deliver a much better experience to users".[31] Sonic Team USA gave Sonic more abilities, such as grinding on rails, to add rhythm to ensure the gameplay was not only about speed.[18] Sega collaborated with Soap, a company that produced shoes with plastic concavities in the sole for rail grinding, to have Sonic wear a pair of Soap shoes rather than his traditional boots.[32] Iizuka said adding multiplayer was the team's second major goal.[18] Like Adventure, Sonic Team USA included Chao to add replay value.[27] Iizuka described the Chao as a "relatively neutral entity" in Adventure, so in Adventure 2, Sonic Team USA added the ability to raise "Hero" and "Dark" Chao to reflect the conflict between good and evil. Sonic Team USA gave Chao the ability to socialize and interact,[18] which Naka felt "took [them] a step closer to a real artificial life form".[30]

Music[edit]

As Crush 40, Jun Senoue (left) and Johnny Gioeli (right) recorded the Adventure 2 theme, "Live & Learn".

Sonic Adventure 2's soundtrack was composed by Jun Senoue,[33] Fumie Kumatani,[34] Tomoya Ohtani,[35] and Kenichi Tokoi,[36] with Senoue serving as the lead composer and sound director.[37] Senoue, Kumatani, and Tokoi returned from Adventure,[33][34][36] while Ohtani made his first contributions to a Sonic game.[38] Senoue began writing the soundtrack in April 2000;[37] he worked closely with Sonic Team USA and communicated with them regarding Adventure 2's structure, design, and characters.[39] Half the music was produced in the US, while the other half was produced in Japan.[36] Like Iizuka, Senoue considered Adventure 2 his favorite Sonic game to work on, as he found working with a small team in a new environment invigorating.[24]

Senoue wanted the soundtrack to stand out rather than merely serve as background music. He was not entirely satisfied with the first Adventure soundtrack, feeling some tracks did not fit, and sought to compose music that suited the atmosphere of each area.[37] He said the Adventure 2 music team made a pact "to write songs that promoted the game's speed and situations while keeping the best tempo of the stage".[37] They decided to compose each character's level themes in a different genre and divided the work by which genre each composer was most interested in.[34][36] For instance, Knuckles' stages feature rap music composed by Ohtani,[38] who wanted to focus on a new musical element.[35] Tokoi said the soundtrack explores more genres than the first game's,[36] and other genres include pop-punk, glam metal,[40] and orchestral arrangements.[41]

Singers featured in the soundtrack include Johnny Gioeli of Hardline, Ted Poley of Danger Danger, Tony Harnell of TNT, and Paul Shortino of Rough Cutt.[37][40] Vice wrote that Adventure 2's songs fall into two groups: "'character themes,' which are leitmotifs akin to pro wrestler entrance music, and level-specific songs".[40] Senoue reused most of the character theme lyrics from the first Adventure, but wrote new music to go along with them.[37] As Crush 40, he and Gioeli recorded the main theme, "Live & Learn". Senoue recorded the introduction for a trial version; he worked on the rest later and completed it within a day,[39] while Gioeli wrote the lyrics.[42] Senoue then sent a demo to Gioeli to record his vocals.[39] Takeshi Taneda [ja] played bass and Katsuji Kirita of Gargoyle and the Cro-Magnons played drums.[43][44] Poley wrote and performed "Escape from the City", the first level's theme. He found writing video game music different, as "[y]ou have to have a lot of action and alliteration. It creates a whole mood and there's no time for breath—the song is over in a minute and a half, and it's intense."[45] The rapper Hunnid-P performed Knuckles' level themes.[40]

Senoue made a demo for each piece of music, using an ADAT system to track guitars or vocals and a Yamaha digital console or Mackie analog mixer for mixing. He edited tracks with his Macintosh before testing them in-game. Once Senoue was satisfied and received Sonic Team USA's approval, he finished sequencing and sent demos to prepare for the recording sessions. The soundtrack was recorded across five sessions in Los Angeles, New York City, and Tokyo. While he enjoyed studio work, Senoue described the last three months as chaotic, as he had to travel between Tokyo, San Francisco, and Los Angeles within weeks to write and record music. Senoue finished the soundtrack in February 2001, after which he worked on the sound effects.[37]

Release[edit]

Marketing[edit]

Sega announced Sonic Adventure 2 at E3 2000 with a trailer premiere behind closed doors and a press release. Game Informer reported that it was 40% complete at that time.[25] Sega uploaded the trailer online when it launched Sonic Team's website on June 30,[46] and allowed journalists to play a demo version in December.[28][47] Early copies of Sonic Team's Phantasy Star Online, released in Japan in December and worldwide in January 2001,[48][49] were bundled with the demo.[50] It features the opening cutscene and level,[47] ending with a trailer showcasing later levels.[51] Sega showcased Adventure 2 further at E3 2001 in May.[52] Archie Comics published a brief adaptation in its Sonic the Hedgehog comic book, written by Karl Bollers and penciled by Patrick Spaziante. According to Ken Penders, the creative team was unable to adapt the story in full due to Sonic Team's desire for secrecy; they were only able to work from the demo and a few screenshots.[53]

Adventure 2 was initially set to be released in February 2001,[28] but was ultimately released in North America on June 19 and worldwide on June 23.[54][55] The worldwide release coincided with Sonic's tenth anniversary,[55] and Sega marked the occasion in its marketing.[56] In Japan, Sega offered a limited edition "Birthday Pack" for two days that included the game, a gold disc containing Sonic music, a commemorative gold coin, and a 17-page booklet detailing the series' history.[54][55] On June 30, Sega held a celebration at a Software Etc. in San Jose, California, where attendees could have birthday cake, partake in giveaways, and receive Naka's autograph.[30]

GameCube port[edit]

See also: History of Sega
Sonic Adventure 2's Dreamcast (left) release was Sonic's final appearance on a Sega console, while the GameCube (right) port marked its first appearance on a Nintendo console.

Sonic Adventure 2 was released during a tumultuous period in Sega's history. Amidst competition from Sony Computer Entertainment's PlayStation 2, a lack of support from important third-party developers, and conflict within Sega, Dreamcast sales failed to meet Sega's expectations.[16] Peter Moore, the president and chief operating officer of Sega of America, said the Dreamcast would need to sell five million units in the US by the end of 2000 to remain a viable platform, but Sega fell short of this goal with three million units sold.[57][58] Moreover, Sega's attempts to spur sales through lower prices and cash rebates caused escalating financial losses.[59] On January 31, 2001, Sega announced it was discontinuing the Dreamcast to become a third-party developer, although it remained committed to releasing first-party Dreamcast software through 2001.[60] The third-party transition made Adventure 2 one of the last major Dreamcast exclusives and the final Sonic game for a Sega console.[52][61]

In April 2001, Sega announced Sonic Team was working on a game for Nintendo's GameCube,[62] and Sonic Team opted to keep the project's identity a secret until its reveal at Nintendo Space World in August.[63] Naka liked the GameCube hardware,[64] and advised Sonic Team fans to purchase the console.[65] Shortly before Space World, Sega confirmed rumors that the project was a port of Sonic Adventure 2,[66] subtitled Battle.[67] This marked Sonic's first appearance on a Nintendo console, which GameSpot called "an unbelievable milestone of epic proportions".[68] Sonic Team left the single-player gameplay mostly unchanged, but added multiplayer options such as new maps and characters. Battle replaces the VMU's implementation with connectivity with the Game Boy Advance (GBA) game Sonic Advance (2001), facilitated through the GameCube – GBA link cable. Visually, Battle features texture resolution increases, though some textures are blurrier, while colors are brighter.[69] Battle was released in Japan on December 20, 2001, in North America on February 11, 2002,[70] and in Europe on May 3, 2002.[71]

Sales[edit]

The Dreamcast version of Sonic Adventure 2 sold more than 84,000 copies during its first week in Japan (a franchise record),[72] and a total of around 500,000 copies worldwide. The Escapist wrote that these numbers were impressive given that the Dreamcast had already been discontinued.[73] However, the GameCube version was significantly more successful.[73] In Japan, it sold almost 50,000 copies during its first month,[74] and had sold 192,186 by December 23, 2002.[75] In North America, it was the bestselling GameCube game between January and August 2002, selling 465,000 copies. By August 2002, it had sold more than a million copies worldwide.[76] Cumulative sales reached 1.7 million,[73] and by July 2006, it had earned $44 million in the US. According to Next Generation, it was the 42nd-bestselling game for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, or Xbox between January 2000 and July 2006 in the US.[77] It is one of the bestselling GameCube games and the system's bestselling third-party game.[78][79]

Reception[edit]

Sonic Adventure 2 received "generally favorable" reviews.[80] Critics appreciated the game's multiple playing styles. According to Edge and reviewer Four-Eyed Dragon of GamePro, the core game's three styles and bonus features such as Chao gardens made the game engaging.[41][82] Johnny Liu of GameRevolution praised its replay value of multiple playing styles and 180 different goals.[83] Anthony Chau of IGN called it one of the best Sonic games: "If this is the last Sonic game in these declining Dreamcast years, it's satisfying to know that the DC didn't go out with a bang, but with a sonic boom."[2] In 2022, IGN named it one of the best Dreamcast games.[85]

The camera was largely panned. Shahed Ahmed of GameSpot criticized the "cardinal sin" of 3D platform games: forcing players to jump to an out-of-frame platform. Although players can re-orient the camera with the trigger buttons, it reverts when the character moves.[3] According to Chau and Liu, this made searching cramped sections of Knuckles' and Rouge's levels frustrating.[2][83] Edge found camera problems permeating the game, with no significant improvement from Adventure.[82]

The visuals received positive reviews. Liu called them "sweet, sweet eye-crack".[83] Four-Eyed Dragon wrote that the game "is simply jaw-dropping beautiful," citing its detailed backgrounds and scenery and the characters' extensive color palettes.[41] According to Chau, the game had "some of the best textures ever seen" and was one of the most beautiful Dreamcast games.[2] Edge was impressed by the texture detail and draw distance,[82] and Chau, Liu and Ahmed praised its 60-frame-per-second rendering speed.[2][3][83]

Senoue's soundtrack also received positive reviews. According to Ahmed, the music was an improvement over Adventure's "campy glam-rock and J-pop soundtrack", with less emphasis on lyrics,[3] and Liu appreciated its more "understated" approach.[83] Four-Eyed Dragon called the music "an eclectic mix of orchestrated masterpieces, guitar tunes, and melodic hip-hop voices" that "gracefully fill the game's ambiance to a perfect pitch."[41] Reactions to the voice acting were divided; according to Ahmed, "the voice acting, and the lip-synching in particular, is executed quite well,"[3] and Liu and Chau found the English voices inferior to the Japanese ones.[2][83]

The plot was derided, although its presentation was well received. Ahmed wrote, "Throughout the game the plot becomes more and more scattered and lackluster," not focusing long enough on one element to execute it meaningfully.[3] Although Liu agreed that despite the game's ambitious scope and themes it failed to advance the series' core plot beyond the Sega Genesis Sonic games,[83] Edge appreciated the story's presentation from both perspectives: hero and villain.[82]

Despite high review scores for the Dreamcast version, the GameCube version released six months later received mixed reviews: respective Metacritic and GameRankings scores of 73 percent and 72.33 percent.[81][86] Critics generally felt that it was not significantly improved from the Dreamcast original.[87][88] However, Shane Bettenhausen of GameSpy saw Battle as noticeably superior; in addition to its upgrades, its action was better suited to the GameCube's controller than the Dreamcast's.[89]

Accolades[edit]

Sonic Adventure 2 received several accolades, including the 2001 IGN's Editors' Choice Award.[90] ScrewAttack called it the fifth-best Dreamcast game,[91] and GamesRadar rated it the tenth-greatest Dreamcast game out of 25: "Despite trailing off significantly in recent years, the 3D side of the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise had a surprisingly stellar start with the Sonic Adventure entries, and the 2001 sequel really amped up the action."[92] In February 2014, IGN's Luke Karmali called Battle his tenth-favorite game of all time.[93] In a video interview with Sonic Team studio head Takashi Iizuka, he says Sonic Adventure 2 is his favourite game in the series.[94]

Post-release[edit]

Aftermath[edit]

Development on the next game, Sonic Heroes (2003), began at Sonic Team USA shortly after Adventure 2's completion. Iizuka chose to develop it as a standalone game rather than a sequel to appeal to a broader audience.[95] Heroes became the first multiplatform Sonic game when it was released for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox in late 2003.[96] Another 2003 Sonic Team game, Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg, uses an updated version of the Adventure 2 engine.[97]

Sega's discontinuation of the Dreamcast made Sonic Adventure 2 the last Sonic game that Sonic Team—which had worked with Sega hardware teams to take advantage of their consoles—produced with the benefits of first-party development.[16] Whereas Adventure 2 had been made using proprietary software,[98] Sonic Team USA partnered with Criterion Software to use RenderWare so Heroes could be programmed and ported across platforms.[99] Iizuka described the loss of first-party development benefits as the greatest challenge of the third-party transition, as his team "no longer [had] the ability to control what we need[ed] to make our games".[16] Naka said he had mixed feelings about making Sonic a multiplatform franchise.[100]

Shadow quickly proved popular among fans, so Sonic Team USA retconned his apparent death in Adventure 2's finale to include him in subsequent Sonic games, beginning with Heroes.[21][22] After Heroes, Sonic Team USA was renamed Sega Studios USA.[17] Their next project was Shadow the Hedgehog (2005),[101] a spin-off starring Shadow that continues plot threads established in Adventure 2.[102] The division developed Nights: Journey of Dreams (2007) before it was merged back into the Japanese Sonic Team in 2008.[103][104]

Soundtracks[edit]

Marvelous Entertainment released a collection of Sonic Adventure 2's songs, Cuts Unleashed Sonic Adventure 2 Vocal Collection, on August 18, 2001,[105] before releasing the full two-disc soundtrack album, Multi-dimensional Sonic Adventure 2 Original Sound Track, on September 5.[106] Tokyopop released a soundtrack in the US on February 5, 2002, ahead of the GameCube version's release, featuring 26 tracks selected by Senoue and US-exclusive remixes.[107] On November 30, 2011, Sega released the soundtrack on iTunes via its Wave Master label to coincide with the franchise's 20th anniversary.[108] Brave Wave Productions released a vinyl LP version of the soundtrack including interviews with Senoue and Iizuka in 2018.[109]

Rerelease[edit]

Sega released a port of Sonic Adventure 2 as a downloadable game for the PlayStation 3 (via PlayStation Network) and Xbox 360 (via Xbox Live Arcade) on October 2, 2012,[61] and for Windows (via Steam) on November 20.[110] The port followed a similar reissue of the first Adventure in 2010 and was branded as part of Sega Heritage, a 2012 initiative in which Sega rereleased popular games from its back catalog on modern consoles.[111][112] The rerelease features high-definition graphics and widescreen support, though some cutscenes are still presented in 4:3.[113] Otherwise, it is mostly identical to the original versions; it lacks the Dreamcast version's online features and the GameCube additions are paywalled as downloadable content.[114] In 2017, the PlayStation 3 version was made playable on the PlayStation 4 and Windows via the cloud gaming service PlayStation Now,[115] and the Xbox 360 version was made backward compatible with the Xbox One.[116]

Legacy[edit]

City Escape[edit]

City streets with traffic, viewed from above
Journalists have described City Escape, Sonic Adventure 2's first level, as one of the best opening stages in a video game.

Sonic Adventure 2's first level, City Escape, has been described as one of the best opening stages in a video game.[117][118] The level, which serves as a tutorial,[117] depicts Sonic as he escapes G.U.N. custody and features sequences in which he snowboards through streets and outruns a murderous truck.[47][118] Red Bull said it was "unquestionably Sonic's finest hour since the [Genesis] days",[118] and Destructoid called it a perfect introduction to modern Sonic gameplay that encapsulates the strengths of the Adventure games.[117] USgamer wrote that Adventure 2 is remembered more for City Escape than anything else,[119] and Polygon said that it "represents the epitome of Sonic the Hedgehog. It's fast-paced, full of secret pathways, and more than a little absurd."[120]

Polygon considered "Escape from the City", the City Escape theme song, the peak of the Sonic franchise, with an energetic composition and hopeful lyrics that encapsulate Sonic's character. The song was remixed in Sonic Generations (2011) and featured in the Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games and Super Smash Bros. series of crossover games.[120] Senoue worked with the band Hyper Potions to produce an Irish-themed remix as part of a collaboration between Jacksepticeye and the Sonic social media account on St. Patrick's Day 2020.[121] The original was also featured as a selectable song in Sega's Samba de Amigo: Party Central (2023), a rhythm game which includes a City Escape-based stage.[122] Poley, the singer, described "Escape from the City" as his biggest hit, though he does not receive any royalties.[45]

Generations, which commemorates the franchise's 20th anniversary, features reimagined versions of levels from past Sonic games, including 2D and 3D reimaginings of City Escape. The 2D version features the "Classic" iteration of Sonic racing the truck as it moves between the background and foreground, while the 3D version features shortcuts that take advantage of Generations's mechanics.[123][124] Kotaku regarded Generations's City Escape as one of the most impactful moments of 2011,[125] and PCMag considered it a highlight, a "prime example" of Sonic Team drawing inspiration from the franchise's history.[126]

Influence[edit]

Sonic Adventure 2's GameCube port introduced Sonic to a new audience of Millennials and, alongside the compilation Sonic Mega Collection (2002), allowed it to build a new fanbase following Sega's third-party transition. For this reason, The Escapist regarded it as possibly the most important Sonic game and said that while later Sonic games were better, "[they] didn’t do nearly as much to energize or even create a new fanbase".[73] Additionally, the GameCube port paved the way for a closer relationship between Sega and Nintendo after a decade of console war hostility. Several subsequent Sonic games were exclusive to Nintendo platforms and Sonic appeared alongside Nintendo's mascot Mario in the Mario & Sonic and Super Smash Bros. games.[73]

Sonic Team continued the gameplay style established by the Adventure games in Heroes and Sonic the Hedgehog before going in a new direction with Unleashed,[127] which was conceived as a sequel to Adventure 2 before becoming a standalone game.[128] Adventure 2 was the first Sonic game to feature rail grinding,[129] a mechanic used in every subsequent Sonic game.[130] Sonic Frontiers (2022) features levels that recreate the layouts of the Adventure 2 stages Metal Harbor, Green Jungle, and Sky Rail,[131] and Sonic's Soap shoes are available as DLC.[130] Journalists have noted that an Adventure 2 sequel is a popular desire among Sonic fans,[73][132] though Iizuka believes such a game would not advance the series' design.[132]

According to PC Gamer, Shadow is the most famous modern Sonic character.[133] He returned as a playable character in Heroes,[134] Sonic the Hedgehog,[135] Sonic and the Black Knight (2009), and Forces.[136] In 2005, Naka said Sonic Team had determined Shadow was the most popular Sonic character excluding Sonic himself,[137] a finding reaffirmed in a 2009 Sega poll.[138] Sonic Generations includes Shadow as a boss,[139] and the Nintendo 3DS version includes a fight against the Biolizard.[140] A 2024 rerelease of Generations for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S, Nintendo Switch, and Windows adds Shadow-themed content inspired by Adventure 2, including Shadow as a playable character, the Biolizard fight, and the city and Final Rush levels.[141][142]

The plot of Adventure 2 was adapted in the second season of the anime series Sonic X (2003–2006). The Japanese voice cast reprised their roles for the adaptation, while the licensing corporation 4Kids Entertainment, which handled the American localization, hired a new voice cast for the English dub.[143] Although Archie Comics did not adapt Adventure 2 in full in its Sonic comic, it did so in the second issue of the spin-off publication Sonic Universe in March 2009; the adaptation was written by Ian Flynn and penciled by Tracy Yardley and Steven Butler.[144] The live-action feature film Sonic the Hedgehog 3 (2024) draws inspiration from Adventure 2.[145] "Live & Learn" is featured in the film,[146] and its logo incorporates elements of Adventure 2's.[147]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Japanese: ソニックアドベンチャー2, Hepburn: Sonikku Adobenchā Tsū

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

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Works cited[edit]

External links[edit]

Wikiquote has quotations related to Sonic Adventure 2.

Media related to Sonic Adventure at Wikimedia Commons

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