The Substitute

The Substitute
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Robert Mandel
Written by	Roy Frumkes Rocco Simonelli Alan Ormsby
Produced by	Morrie Eisenman Jim Steele
Starring	Tom Berenger Ernie Hudson Diane Venora Glenn Plummer Marc Anthony Luis Guzmán William Forsythe
Cinematography	Bruce Surtees
Edited by	Alex Mackie
Music by	Gary Chang
Production companies	Live Entertainment Substitute Productions[1]
Distributed by	Orion Pictures
Release date	April 19, 1996 (1996-04-19)
Running time	114 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Box office	$14,818,176[2]

The Substitute is a 1996 American action thriller film directed by Robert Mandel and starring Tom Berenger, Ernie Hudson, Marc Anthony, William Forsythe, Raymond Cruz and Luis Guzmán. It was filmed at Miami Senior High School.

Jonathan Shale is a Vietnam War veteran and mercenary. After a botched covert operation in Cuba in which three men from his platoon were killed, he returns home to Miami. He surprises his girlfriend, Jane Hetzko, at her apartment; she welcomes him warmly. Hetzko is a schoolteacher at inner-city Columbus High School, an institution with a considerable gang problem.

Hetzko is particularly disliked by Juan Lacas, leader of the Kings of Destruction (KOD) gang. While jogging one morning, she is attacked and has her leg broken. Hetzko and Shale believe this to be related to the KOD, which prompts the latter to go undercover as an Ivy League-educated, government-affiliated substitute teacher for his girlfriend's class.

Shale arrives at Columbus High School and is initially taken aback by the poor conditions. He is unable to control his class of poorly-educated and poorly-behaved students on the first day but decides to use his street smarts and military tactics to gain the upper hand. Soon enough, he is able to take command by displaying his combat self-defense techniques when students attack him.

Shale is warned not to use such methods by the principal, Claude Rolle, but gains the respect of the students when he bonds with them over the similarities between his war experiences and their involvement in petty crime and gangs. During this time, he befriends fellow schoolteacher Darrell Sherman and crosses paths with Lacas, who is also one of his students.

Suspicious of the conditions within the school, Shale sets up surveillance cameras throughout the building and discovers that Lacas orchestrated the attack on Hetzko. He also discovers that Lacas is secretly working with Rolle to distribute cocaine around Miami for a major narcotics ring. Shale and his team raid a drug deal, using the stolen money to buy music and sports equipment in the form of a "school donation."

While Sherman initially denies Shale's discovery, accusing him of trying to smear Rolle for racist motives—which he only does to keep himself at a distance and cover up a money laundering avenue for Rolle's criminal enterprises—Sherman and a female student inadvertently witness the drugs being loaded into one of the school buses later that day. Sherman tells the student to warn Shale and Hetzko, and creates a distraction, sacrificing himself.

Aware of Shale's interference, Rolle sends Lacas after Hetzko. With the help of another student, Sherman is killed by Rolle. Shale and Brown save Hetzko by fighting and killing Lacas, and learn the full story from the female witness. Shale and his team garrison the school grounds to enter combat against the remaining KOD members, along with Johnny Glades, a Native American crime lord who wants his stolen money back from the busted deal; a rival mercenary company led by Janus; and Rolle himself. Ultimately, Shale and Joey Six kill all of the dealers and end up as the sole survivors of the battle. They walk away from the school grounds, discussing future operations as substitute teachers.

A soundtrack containing hip hop music was released on April 9, 1996, by Priority Records. It peaked at #90 on the Billboard 200 and #18 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.

The Substitute premiered in New York and Los Angeles on April 19, 1996.^[1]

The movie was originally released in the United States on Laserdisc in 1996^[3] and on DVD on June 18, 1997, by Artisan Entertainment.^[4] It was re-released on DVD and bundled with The Substitute 3: Winner Takes All in 2000.^[5] As of 2020, the film was released on Blu-ray Disc in a few European countries, including Germany, in 2015 by NSM Records.^[6]

In the United States and Canada, the film grossed $6.1 million on the first weekend, finishing second at the box office.^[2] In its second weekend, The Substitute made $2,705,358 in 1,762 theaters (a total of $10.4 million over the ten-day period), falling to eighth position. It then made $1,084,881 on its third weekend, a 60% drop, in 1,130 theaters, and $451,525 on its fourth weekend, finishing twentieth.^[7] On its fifth weekend, it made $439,025, a 3% decrease, with a total gross of $13.7 million. It ran in wide release (600+ theatres) for four weeks.^[7]

The Substitute holds a rating of 42% on Rotten Tomatoes from 26 critics.^[8]

Roger Ebert gave the film one star out of four, writing: "I am so very tired of this movie. I see it at least once a month. The title changes, the actors change, and the superficial details of the story change, but it is always about exactly the same thing: heavily armed men shooting at one another. Even the order of their deaths is preordained: First the extras die, then the bit players, then the featured actors, until finally only the hero and the villain are left."^[9] James Berardinelli gave the film two stars out of four, writing: "The Substitute has its moments, all of which fall in the realm of high camp. ... Nevertheless, aside from a lot of only moderately-satisfying violence, The Substitute comes across as rather lame. It's not boring, but that dubious qualification isn't enough to earn the movie a passing grade."^[10]

In an article about films about troubled teens, The A.V. Club stated: "There have been plenty of movies about white people coming into inner-city schools and whipping the students into shape, but nothing quite like The Substitute, which brings the subtly racist, paternalistic elements of those films right to the surface."^[11]

A more positive review came from Kevin Thomas, who wrote: "There's a sense of shrewd observation throughout The Substitute that makes it come alive and seem quite a few cuts above such usual genre fare."^[12] Similarly, Mick LaSalle wrote: "The Substitute is a guilty pleasure, but it's not garbage. Berenger brings to the role an appealing ruggedness and world-weariness, and Ernie Hudson, as the corrupt principal, is sleazy and elegant. The script isn't bad, either. The first meeting between Shale and the principal, in which they size each other up, is superb, and, throughout, the outlandish premise is handled with straight-faced intelligence."^[13]

Three direct-to-DVD sequels were made, with Treat Williams replacing Tom Berenger:

• The Substitute 2: School's Out (1998)
• The Substitute 3: Winner Takes All (1999)
• The Substitute: Failure Is Not an Option (2001)

• List of hood films

• The Substitute at IMDb