Tudományos rasszizmus

A tudományos rasszizmus áltudományos elméletek és elképzelések összessége a faji különbségeknek az emberiség történelmére, kultúrájára, társadalmi és politikai rendszerére gyakorolt döntő befolyásáról, a felsőbbrendűség igazolásához. Az a meggyőződés, hogy az emberi faj biológiailag különálló taxonokra, úgynevezett „fajokra” osztható,^[1]^[2] ^[3], és hogy empirikus bizonyítékok léteznek a faji alsóbbrendűség vagy felsőbbrendűség igazolására. ^[4] ^[5] ^[6] ^[7] A 20. század közepe előtt a tudományos rasszizmust az egész tudományos közösség elfogadta, ma már áltudománynak tekintik,^[5]^[6] mivel vizsgálódása eltér a mai tudományos módszerektől és összeegyeztethetetlen a modern genetikai kutatással.^[8]

A fajelméletet gyakran közvetlenül azonosítják a rasszizmussal.^[9]

Jegyzetek[szerkesztés]

↑ Garros (2006. január 9.). „A brave old world: an analysis of scientific racism and BiDil”. McGill Journal of Medicine 9 (1), 54–60. o. PMID 19529811.
↑ Norton (2019. július 15.). „Human races are not like dog breeds: refuting a racist analogy”. Evolution: Education and Outreach 12 (1), 17. o. DOI:10.1186/s12052-019-0109-y. ISSN 1936-6434.
↑ Kenyon-Flatt: How Scientific Taxonomy Constructed the Myth of Race. Sapiens, 2021. március 19.
↑ "Ostensibly scientific": cf. Theodore M. Porter, Dorothy Ross (eds.) 2003. The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 7, The Modern Social Sciences Cambridge University Press, p. 293 "Race has long played a powerful popular role in explaining social and cultural traits, often in ostensibly scientific terms"; Adam Kuper, Jessica Kuper (eds.), The Social Science Encyclopedia (1996), "Racism", p. 716: "This [sc. scientific] racism entailed the use of 'scientific techniques', to sanction the belief in European and American racial Superiority"; Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Questions to Sociobiology (1998), "Race, theories of", p. 18: "Its exponents [sc. of scientific racism] tended to equate race with species and claimed that it constituted a scientific explanation of human history"; Terry Jay Ellingson, The myth of the noble savage (2001), 147ff. "In scientific racism, the racism was never very scientific; nor, it could at least be argued, was whatever met the qualifications of actual science ever very racist" (p. 151); Paul A. Erickson, Liam D. Murphy, A History of Anthropological Theory (2008), p. 152: "Scientific racism: Improper or incorrect science that actively or passively supports racism".
↑ ^a ^b Gould 1981. "Few tragedies can be more extensive than the stunting of life, few injustices deeper than the denial of an opportunity to strive or even to hope, by a limit imposed from without, but falsely identified as lying within."
↑ ^a ^b Kurtz (2004. szeptember 1.). „Can the Sciences Help Us to Make Wise Ethical Judgments?”. Skeptical Inquirer. [2007. november 23-i dátummal az eredetiből archiválva]. (Hozzáférés: 2007. december 1.) „There have been abundant illustrations of pseudoscientific theories-monocausal theories of human behavior that were hailed as "scientific"-that have been applied with disastrous results. Examples: ... Many racists today point to IQ to justify a menial role for blacks in society and their opposition to affirmative action.”
↑ {{{title}}}. ISBN 9781452276045
↑ Templeton, A. (2016). EVOLUTION AND NOTIONS OF HUMAN RACE. In Losos J. & Lenski R. (Eds.), How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society (pp. 346–361). Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26. That this view reflects the consensus among American anthropologists is stated in: Wagner (2017. február 1.). „Anthropologists' views on race, ancestry, and genetics”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 162 (2), 318–327. o. DOI:10.1002/ajpa.23120. PMID 27874171. See also: American Association of Physical Anthropologists: AAPA Statement on Race and Racism. American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2019. március 27. (Hozzáférés: 2020. június 19.)
↑ РАСОВАЯ ИСТОРИОСОФИЯ РАСОВАЯ ТЕОРИЯ - то же что Расизм. (Толковый словарь обществоведческих терминов. Н.Е. Яценко. 1999).... www.slovarnik.ru. (Hozzáférés: 2024. július 15.)(oroszul)

[1] Garros (2006. január 9.). „A brave old world: an analysis of scientific racism and BiDil”. McGill Journal of Medicine 9 (1), 54–60. o. PMID 19529811.

[2] Norton (2019. július 15.). „Human races are not like dog breeds: refuting a racist analogy”. Evolution: Education and Outreach 12 (1), 17. o. DOI:10.1186/s12052-019-0109-y. ISSN 1936-6434.

[3] Kenyon-Flatt: How Scientific Taxonomy Constructed the Myth of Race. Sapiens, 2021. március 19.

[4] "Ostensibly scientific": cf. Theodore M. Porter, Dorothy Ross (eds.) 2003. The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 7, The Modern Social Sciences Cambridge University Press, p. 293 "Race has long played a powerful popular role in explaining social and cultural traits, often in ostensibly scientific terms"; Adam Kuper, Jessica Kuper (eds.), The Social Science Encyclopedia (1996), "Racism", p. 716: "This [sc. scientific] racism entailed the use of 'scientific techniques', to sanction the belief in European and American racial Superiority"; Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Questions to Sociobiology (1998), "Race, theories of", p. 18: "Its exponents [sc. of scientific racism] tended to equate race with species and claimed that it constituted a scientific explanation of human history"; Terry Jay Ellingson, The myth of the noble savage (2001), 147ff. "In scientific racism, the racism was never very scientific; nor, it could at least be argued, was whatever met the qualifications of actual science ever very racist" (p. 151); Paul A. Erickson, Liam D. Murphy, A History of Anthropological Theory (2008), p. 152: "Scientific racism: Improper or incorrect science that actively or passively supports racism".

[SciRac_Gould-5] Gould 1981. "Few tragedies can be more extensive than the stunting of life, few injustices deeper than the denial of an opportunity to strive or even to hope, by a limit imposed from without, but falsely identified as lying within."

[SciRac_CSI-6] Kurtz (2004. szeptember 1.). „Can the Sciences Help Us to Make Wise Ethical Judgments?”. Skeptical Inquirer. [2007. november 23-i dátummal az eredetiből archiválva]. (Hozzáférés: 2007. december 1.) „There have been abundant illustrations of pseudoscientific theories-monocausal theories of human behavior that were hailed as "scientific"-that have been applied with disastrous results. Examples: ... Many racists today point to IQ to justify a menial role for blacks in society and their opposition to affirmative action.”

[EPSS-7] {{{title}}}. ISBN 9781452276045

[Templeton2016-8] Templeton, A. (2016). EVOLUTION AND NOTIONS OF HUMAN RACE. In Losos J. & Lenski R. (Eds.), How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society (pp. 346–361). Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26. That this view reflects the consensus among American anthropologists is stated in: Wagner (2017. február 1.). „Anthropologists' views on race, ancestry, and genetics”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 162 (2), 318–327. o. DOI:10.1002/ajpa.23120. PMID 27874171. See also: American Association of Physical Anthropologists: AAPA Statement on Race and Racism. American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 2019. március 27. (Hozzáférés: 2020. június 19.)

[9] РАСОВАЯ ИСТОРИОСОФИЯ РАСОВАЯ ТЕОРИЯ - то же что Расизм. (Толковый словарь обществоведческих терминов. Н.Е. Яценко. 1999).... www.slovarnik.ru. (Hozzáférés: 2024. július 15.)(oroszul)

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Tudományos rasszizmus

Jegyzetek[szerkesztés]

€4.95