Overview of the events of 1963 in science
The year 1963 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy, astrophysics and space exploration [ edit ] January 1 – Long-period comet C/1963 A1 (Ikeya) is discovered by a Japanese amateur. January 4 – Soviet Luna reaches Earth orbit but fails to reach the Moon. May 15 – Mercury program : NASA launches the last mission of the program Mercury 9 . (On June 12 NASA Administrator James E. Webb tells Congress the program is complete.) July 26 – Roy Kerr submits for publication his discovery of the Kerr metric , an exact solution to the Einstein field equation of general relativity , predicting a rotating black hole .[1] October 18 – Aboard the French Véronique AGI 47 sounding rocket , a bicolor cat designated C 341, later known as Félicette , becomes the first cat in space. November 1 – The Arecibo Observatory , with the world's largest single-dish radio telescope , officially opens in Arecibo, Puerto Rico . First definite identification of a radio source, 3C 48 , with an optical object, later identified as a quasar , is published by Allan Sandage and Thomas A. Matthews ;[2] also Maarten Schmidt publishes significant observations on 3C 273 .[3] Biology [ edit ] Cartography [ edit ] Computing [ edit ] Earth sciences [ edit ] History of science and technology [ edit ] Mathematics [ edit ] Medicine [ edit ] Paleontology [ edit ] Physics [ edit ] Psychology [ edit ] Technology [ edit ] January 28 – Jean Piccard (born 1884 ), Swiss -born American chemist and explorer. February 5 – Barnum Brown (born 1873 ), American paleontologist . April 6 – Otto Struve (born 1897 ), Russian astronomer . May 11 – Herbert Spencer Gasser (born 1888 ), American physiologist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. May 19 – Walter Russell (born 1871 ), American polymath . June 16 – Eleanor Williams (born 1884), Australian bacteriologist and serologist . August 30 – Marietta Pallis (born 1882 ), British ecologist . October 13 – Alan A. Griffith (born 1893 ), English stress engineer. October 2 – Olga Lepeshinskaya (born 1871 ), Soviet Lysenkoist biologist . October 25 – Karl von Terzaghi (born 1883 ), Austrian "father of soil mechanics ". November 13 – Margaret Murray (born 1863 ), Indian-English anthropologist and author.[24] References [ edit ] ^ Kerr, R. P. (1963). "Gravitational field of a spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics". Physical Review Letters . 11 (5): 237–238. Bibcode :1963PhRvL..11..237K . doi :10.1103/PhysRevLett.11.237 . ^ Matthews, Thomas A. ; Sandage, Allan R. (1963). "Optical Identification of 3c 48, 3c 196, and 3c 286 with Stellar Objects" . The Astrophysical Journal . 138 : 30–56. Bibcode :1963ApJ...138...30M . doi :10.1086/147615 . Archived from the original on 2017-09-26. Retrieved 2019-08-07 . ^ Schmidt, Maarten (1963). "3C 273: a star-like object with large red-shift" . Nature . 197 (4872): 1040. Bibcode :1963Natur.197.1040S . doi :10.1038/1971040a0 . ^ Pauling, L.; Zuckerkandl, E. (1963). "Chemical paleogenetics: molecular restoration studies of extinct forms of life" . Acta Chemica Scandinavica . 17 : 89. doi :10.3891/acta.chem.scand.17s-0009 . ^ Tinbergen, Niko (1963). "On Aims and Methods in Ethology" (PDF) . Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie . 20 (4): 410–433. doi :10.1111/j.1439-0310.1963.tb01161.x . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-09. Retrieved 2011-03-17 . ^ Snyder, John P. (1993). Flattening the Earth: Two Thousand Years of Map Projections . University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-76747-5 . ^ The Hutchinson Factfinder . Helicon. 1999. ISBN 978-1-85986-000-7 . ^ Vine, F. J.; Matthews, D. H. (1963). "Magnetic Anomalies Over Oceanic Ridges". Nature . 199 (4897): 947–949. Bibcode :1963Natur.199..947V . doi :10.1038/199947a0 . S2CID 4296143 . ^ Feit, Walter; Thompson, John G. (1963). "Solvability of groups of odd order" . Pacific Journal of Mathematics . 13 (3): 775–1029. doi :10.2140/pjm.1963.13.775 . MR 0166261 . ^ Lorenz, Edward N. (March 1963). "Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow" . Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences . 20 (2): 130–141. Bibcode :1963JAtS...20..130L . doi :10.1175/1520-0469(1963)020<0130:DNF>2.0.CO;2 . ^ Atiyah, Michael F.; Singer, Isadore M. (1963). "The Index of Elliptic Operators on Compact Manifolds" . Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society . 69 (3): 422–433. doi :10.1090/S0002-9904-1963-10957-X . ^ a b c Machado, Calixto (2005). "The first organ transplant from a brain-dead donor". Neurology . 64 (11): 1938–42. doi :10.1212/01.wnl.0000163515.09793.cb . PMID 15955947 . S2CID 219219246 . ^ Webb, Nicholas. "HSL Research Guides: Ernst Ludwig Wynder Autograph Collection: John Enders, Ph.D." guides.library.nymc.edu . New York Medical College Health Sciences Library. Retrieved 2021-02-13 . In 1963, Pfizer introduced a deactivated measles vaccine, and Merck & Co introduced an attenuated measles vaccine. ^ Christy, Nicholas P. (1993). "Grant W. Liddle" . Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association . 104 : xliii–xlv. PMC 2376630 . PMID 1343432 . ^ Lejeune, J.; et al. (1963). "3 Cases of partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences (in French). 257 : 3098–102. PMID 14095841 . ^ Reig, O. A. (1963). "La presencia de dinosaurios saurisquios en los "Estratos de Ischigualasto" (Mesotriásico Superior) de las provincias de San Juan y La Rioja (República Argentina)". Ameghiniana (in Spanish). 3 (1): 3–20. ^ American Journal of Physics 31 : 342-355. ^ Milgram, S (October 1963). "Behavioral Study of Obedience" . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology . 67 (4): 371–378. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.599.92 . doi :10.1037/h0040525 . PMID 14049516 . ^ "Edward Craven Walker | British inventor" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 11 March 2019 . ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 978-0-14-102715-9 . ^ Howe, David J.; Stammers, Mark; Walker, Stephen James (1994). The Handbook: The First Doctor — The William Hartnell Years 1963–1966 . London: Virgin Books . p. 54. ISBN 978-0-426-20430-5 . ^ "An Unearthly Child" . Doctor Who: The Classic Series . BBC. 1995–2003. Retrieved 2012-06-08 . ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014" . NobelPrize.org . Retrieved 11 March 2019 . ^ Sheppard, Kathleen L. (2013). The Life of Margaret Alice Murray: A Woman's Work in Archaeology . Lanham: Lexington. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-73917-417-3 .